

& 



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wnnnH 



naMBMBBB^VaM^Ba 



■ - ■ "-■ 



462 



THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 



sot screws. A fifth tooth, G, is attached by a mortice 

 and pin to the main beam, A, in front of the other four. 

 The front portion of the beam is curved upwards, in order 



become riveted to the soil, and are very 



ed 



to <*ive greater height for the ljustment of the verticil 

 position df the wheel, H, the spindle of which is earn 

 in the lower end of the forked bar, J. morticed into tlie 

 extreme front end of the beam. The spindle of the 

 Tv-heei is tubular, the bolt, K, being passed through it 

 with a tight fit, to hold it firm without revolving. At 

 each end of the tubular spindle is a cylindrical cup, or 

 chamber, L L ; one being in one piece with the spind e, 

 whilst the other is loose, to allow of adjustment. The 

 boss of the wheel is turned down on each side, and the 

 edges of the two chambers fit over these turned portions, 

 spaces being left to retain a supply of oil for the constant 



The land having lain in whole 



when they h« 

 expensive to get out 



furrows unbroken down, has received no atmospheric 

 benefit- It has only been wasted by the frost and winds. 

 No doubt, it may be said, it is preparing to pulverise ; 

 but pulverisation is not the enriching process of itself, it 

 is merely the means, and without it the land can derive 

 no benefit from the atmosphere. This process I perform 

 in autumn, and the land is still further worked up by 

 the frost, admitting the air to a free and minute circula- 

 tion to fertilise it All land should be kept in this state 

 when there is no crop on it. By the old plan, it is 

 delayed until spring. John Tennant, Shields, MonJcton, 

 Ayrshire, June, 1851." (From the Practical Mechanic's 

 Journal, July I, 1851.) 



• 



lubrication of the spindle, as it revolves in the boss of 

 the wheel. For the further security of the spindle, and 

 the prevention of the entrance of sand, two ferrules are 

 passed tight over the chambers, and fitted on two slight 

 shoulders, turned upon the wheel boss. This mode of 

 construction insures great strength, whilst the frictional 

 aurfaces are kept well secured from sand. The angular 

 action of tbe diamond, or square section of the teeth, as 

 in the enlarged section, fig. 3, is most effective in disin- 

 tegrating the clods of earth, and this form, at the same 

 time, allows the teeth to pass easily through the ground. 

 [The following letter from Mr. Tennant also appears in 

 the journal from which the above is taken.] "The 

 universal approval which this implement has met with 

 amongst the Lothian and Berwickshire farmers, has 

 stimulated me to the exertion of still further improving 

 upon it in point of execution, or getting through its 

 work. After long deliberation, I have adopted the 

 square section of tooth as best fitted for the purpose ; 

 and the test of this form, in conjunction with my foreman 

 and an experienced ploughman, has shown this modifica- 

 tion to be a vast improvement. It is perhaps not too 

 much to say, that it is now twice as efficient as before. 

 I have, in addition, improved the action of the pilot 

 wheel, by excluding the sand from its bearing, and 

 forming it so as to retain the oil upon the rubbing surfaces. 

 Along with this grubber, I have now the satisfaction of 

 submitting to the public the system of agriculture which 

 I have pursued on my farm of 400 acres for the last 10 

 years. My plan is this : —So soon as the crop is 

 removed from the land — if mown or low cut, so much the 

 better — I commence grubbing on the end ridge, going 

 round and round the field till there is one turn given on 

 the end of the ridge. If two grubbers are used, a pair of 

 harrows may follow. I next turn and go over the same 

 ground backwards, followed by harrowing. The end 

 ridges are thus done before being consolidated or 

 trampled by the horses. I then begin on the ridges 

 longitudinally, going about half the depth of the furrow, 

 following with a stroke of the harrows. This operation 

 feeing completed, I cross the ridges with the grubber a 

 little deeper, and harrow. If the land be foul, a third turn 

 may be required, with harrowing. A pair of horses can 

 easily grub three Scotch acres per day in winter, and 

 four in spring, unless the land be very foul, and the 

 winter open. By spring, the weeds w ill nearly disappear. 

 Should it be found necessary to take off any of them, 

 they are easily freed from the earth, and may be 

 collected by hand-rake at half the cost of hand-picking. 

 The months of April and May being arrived, the land 

 should be substantially ploughed across, harrowed, rolled, 

 and have one more turn with the grubber to complete 

 the pulverisation. By this time, the practical farmer 

 will be much satisfied with the result of his labour. 

 His land will have received far more benefit from the 

 atmosphere ; and I do not hesitate to say, that when 

 compared with the old way of working, he will have 

 caved 11. per acre by following the method above 

 described. The 1/. per acre of a saving on my land is 

 10 per cent, on the rent, which, I presume, will not be 

 thought unacceptable in the present depressing times. 

 In support of what I have advanced, it is necessary to 

 state objections to the old or common method. First 

 then, instead of taking the weeds when above ground, 

 they are ploughed in, where they gain strength till spring^ 



Notices to Correspondents. 



Horse : An Old Subscriber. It is used during winter. Cut it 

 to the ground, and carry it home ; afterwards strip the 

 branches of all which, being crushed, is edible, and barn 

 the remainder. The smaller twigs and foliage are crushed in 

 a mill proper f-~»r the purpose, and given to cows and horses 

 at the rate of 20 lbs. to 40 lbs. each daily. 



Hops : Ireland. The fullest existing statement on the subject 

 of Hop culture will appear in an early number of Mackie's 

 " Cyclopedia of Agriculture," from the pen of Mr. Paine, of 

 Farnham. To that we must for the present refer you. 



Strong Clat Land : J W Sherrand. It can be drained for less 

 than 5t. per acre, except when stony ; and we would place 

 the drains 24 feet apart, and 4 feet deep. 11. or 81. per acre 

 will be amply repaid by increased fertility, if judiciously in- 

 vested on Jand requiring: draining. It will not do to carry 

 manure from London to Reigate, paying 10s, a ton for it in 

 the former place ; you hid better obtain crops of Cabbages, 

 and Vetches, and Mangold Wurzel, by guano, Rape-cake, 

 «fcc, and to ensure a store of dung against another year. 



COVENT GARDEN, July 39. 



Peaches and Nectarines continue to be sent in large quan- 

 tities. English Pines and Hothouse Grapes are plentiful, and 

 the former cheaper. Strawberries are abundant. Cherries are 

 furnished in large quantities, and they are excellent in quality. 

 West Indian Pines fetch from 2s. to 5s. each. Oranges and 

 Lemons are scarce. Nuts remain nearly the same as quoted 

 last week. Asparagus, Carrots, French Beana from the open 

 ground, and Green Peas are received in quantity. New Pota- 

 toes may be obtained at Id. to 4d. per lb. Lettuces and other 

 oalading are sufficient for the demand. Mushrooms are a 

 trifle dearer. Cut flowers consist of Heaths, Pelargoniums, 

 Mignonette, Heliotropes, Stephanotis floribunda, Pinks, Mobs 

 and Proving Roses. 



FRUIT. 





Pine-apples, per lb., 4s to 7s 

 Urapes,hoohouse,p. lb., 2* to 5s 

 Peaches, per doz., 10s to 20s 

 Nectarines, per doz., 10s to 20s 

 Cherries, per lb., 6d to 2s 

 Melons, each, 4s to 8s 



Strawberries, p. pottle, 6d to Is 

 Gooseberries, per half sieve, 

 2s to 4s 



Currants, per hf. sieve, 3s to 5s 



VEGETABLES. 



Almonds, per peck, 6s 



— sweet, per lb., 2s to 3s 

 Lemons, per doz., Is to 2s 

 Oranges, per doz., 9d to 2s 



— per 100, 6s to 14s 



— Seville, p. 100, 7s to 14s 



— — p. doz., Is to 2s 6d 



Nut8,Barcelona,p.bsh,208to22s 



— Brazil, p, bsh., 12s to 14 s 

 Cobs, per 100 lbs., 50s to 55s 



Cabbages, per doz., 6d to Is 

 Cauliflowers, p. doz.. Is to 2s 

 French Beans, p.b.f.sieve,3sto5s 

 Beans, per sieve. 2s to 2s 6d 

 Peas, per sieve, 2s to 4 s 

 Asparagus, per 100, Is to 4s 

 Rhubarb, p. bundl., 2d to6d 

 Potatoes, per ton, 90s to 200 



— per cwt., 4s to 8s 



— per bush. ,1s 6»i to 3s 

 Turnips, p. bunch, 3d to 6d 

 Cucumbers, each, 3d to Is 

 Radishes, per doz., 6d to 9d 



— Turnip, p.doz., 8d to Is 

 Celery, p. bundle, 6d to 2s 

 Carrots, per bunch, 4d to 6d 

 Spinach, per sieve, Is 6d to 2s 

 Vegetable Marrows, per doz., 



Is to 2s 

 Onion*, p. bunch, 2d to 6d 

 Leeks, per bunch, 3d to 4d 



Shallots, per bunch, 3dto4d 

 Garlic, per lb., 4d to 8d 

 Artichokes, per doz., Is to 2s 

 Lettuce, Cab., p. score, 4d to 9d 



— Cos, per score, 3d to Is 

 Small Salada, p. punn.,2d to 3d 



HorseRadish,p.bundl.,ls6dto6s 

 Red Beet, per doz., Is to 4s 



Mushrooms, p. pot., Is to 2s 

 Sorrel, per hf. sieve, 6d to 9d 

 Fennel, per bunch, 2d to 3d 

 Savory, per bunch, 2d to 3d 

 Thyme, per bunch, 2d to 3d 

 Parsley, per doz. bun., 2s to 3a 



— Roots, p. bundl. 9d to Is 

 Mint, green, per bunch,4d to 6d 

 Basil, green, p. bunch, 6d to9d 

 Marjoram, green, do., 6dto 9d 

 W"atercres8,p.l2bunch.,6d to9d 

 Corn Salad,p.h£Bieve,lstols6d 



Prime Meadow Hay 

 Inferior ditto 

 Rowen 

 New Hay 



• • • 



• •• 



■ • • 



• • • 



MlTHHhLb, Juu 



j5*io«4s Clover 



New do. 



••• 



Stra 



• • • 



••• 



••• 



•«• 



••• 



55 70 



60 65 



55 70 



Ajh ortsnp pi r. 



CO Al7 ai a K KKT ^ZfZ, . 

 Eden Main, 13s. 6d. •_ W*\u» n * 5K!i*?.- Ju 'y 18. 

 Has 



ton 



Tees. 



hip*, at 



"■• 





We had 



.dav an »^vti»arv^«„^^ *i "uiy u. 



to-day an extraordinary number >J 1 

 time of year, and although there was T* ll-l*?**** for ffc 



01 



i 

 a 

 i 

 were pieutiful and lower. From Hcilan7 and^o— d# Cah * 



tion, many remained unsold, notwithstanding^ 16 **•*»£ 



position to take lower terms than wf quote" 1^^^ 

 Sheep and Lambs was also unusually V, J if nua *« * 

 consequence lower, nor could a clearance £ J ?*? "*** 



are 632 Beasts, 8380 Sheep, and 24» Cal 



ves 



^rraanv 

 60 Beasts; from Scotland,' 200 ; fromUor^ll fr °? P 



1600 ; «nd 700 frnm th* nn^^ L„ 1 T. » orU »k and 



and 700 from the northern and 



Per st. of 8 lbs. 

 Best Scots, Here- 

 fords &c. 

 Best Short-horns 

 2d quality Beasts 

 Best Downs and 



Halt-breds 

 Ditto Shorn 



d s d 



8 2 to 3 4 

 3 — 32 

 2 4 — 2 10 



*•• 



3 6 



3 10 



• • f 



• • • 



Lambs 

 Calves 

 Pigs 

 Friday, July 18. 



midland countfes "^ 

 Per st. ot 8 lbg _ 8 • 



« est Lomr-woola . 3 

 Ditto Shorn 



Ewes & 2d quality 2 

 Ditto Shorn 



2to| 



I 



I 



8-| 



i • • 



• » 



••• 



• • 



• •■ 



*•• 



4 



2 



2 



■ •« 



0-.ft 



8-3 



3 







I 



i 



conse 

 they 



The number of Beasts is a-am large and the demand **.! 

 nsequenrly prices are not better than on Monda , Y?' 

 k ey cannot be cleared out at the prices of that dav tk 1 

 a good supply of Sheep and Lambs ; trade is exceeaWlJ7nn 

 and many inferior ones remain unsold. Tbe number o ' r i* 

 is very great, and our top quotations are only realised in V#2 

 instances. From Germany and Holland we haveYi* ni!!* 

 1260 Sheep, 433 Calves, and 38 Pigs ; from Spain 690 ST^ 

 from Scotland, 120 Beasts ; from Norfolk, 300 • from norrh* ; 

 and midland counties, 100 ; and 118 milch cows from th.22 



Counties. menm* 



Best Scots, Here- 

 fords, &c. 

 Best Snort-horns 

 2d quality Beasts 

 Best Downs and 

 Half-breds ... 

 Ditto Shorn 



3 

 3 

 2 



2 to 3 





 4 



3 

 2 



4 

 2 



8 



8 6 



3 10 



• ■ 



Best Long-wools . E 

 Ditto Shorn 

 Ewes & 2d quality 2 

 Ditto Shorn ... 

 Lambs .^ ... 4 



£? lves 2 



p *f? s 2 



2-3| 



■ ■• 



8-1 



>•» 



0-4U 



4-1 « 



8-3 ( 



s. 

 40 

 44 



8. 



45 

 47 



35 

 27 

 22 



50 

 32 

 20 



18-21 

 22—25 



1. I. 



Red 3e-40 



tied 1 -42 



Red 



Malting . 

 Malting , 



19 

 20 

 24 



Feed 

 23 Feed 

 22 Feed 



24—57 



26 



27-31 



23 



29 

 26 

 24 



■20-25 

 19-21 

 IMi 



MARK LANE. 

 Mokdat, July 14.— The supply of Wheat from Essex thti 

 morning was rather better than last week, and that from Km 

 good ; the former was disposed of on the terms of this dtt 

 se'nnight ; some of the latter was uusold at a late hour. The 

 foreign arrivals during the last four weeks exceed those ofaa? 

 similar period this year ; buyers in consequence refrain fro* 

 purchasing, and holders being disinclined to make any materia] 

 concession, very little business resulted ; we therefore leave our 

 quotations unaltered. — Barley maintains its former ralae.— 

 Beans and Peas are very un>aleable, and must be written it, 

 per qr. cheaper — The Oat trade is heavy, at a decline of la. to 

 2s. per qr. — Holders of Flour are firm, but 8 ales limited. 



Ter Imperial Quarter. 

 Wheat, Essex, Kent, & SufToik... White 



— — fine selected runs... ditto 



— — Talavera 



— Norfolk, Lincoln, & York...White 



— Foreign 



Barley,grind.d5 distil., 22s to 25s... Chev. 



— Foreign... grinding and distilling 

 Oats, Essex and Suffolk 



— Scotch and Lincolnshire... Potato 



— Irish Potato 



— Foreign Poland and Brew 



Rye 



Rye-meal, foreign per ton 



Beans, Mazagan 26s to 30s Tick 



— Pigeon 28 — 34... Winds 



— Foreign Small 21 



Peas, white, Essex and Kent Boiler^ 23 



— Maple 26«rto .83 Grey 



Maize White 



Flour best marks delivered ...per sack 



— Suffolk ditto n 



— Foreign per barrel! "20-23' Per sack 38-J 



FRinar, Jolt 18.— The arrivals of English corn this week 



have been small, and rf foreign moderate. To-day's mirW 

 was better attended, and foreign Wheat met an improved to. 

 quiry, but without leading to any great increase of Dastneii; 

 in prices we observe no alreration.—The value of Barley, Beam, 

 and Peas remains as on Monday, and they are allow sare.- 

 Oats are in better demand, and Russian have been aispoteaci 

 at 6d. to Is per qr. advance upon the lowest pne es Wg 

 taken.-Flour is only a retail sale at late rates.-In 1 float** 

 cargoes of grain from the Mediterranean there is hardly aay 

 thing doing ; late prices are supported 

 Imperial 

 Averages. 

 June 7 



— H 



— 21 



— 28 



5 



12 



Foreign . 



Harrow , 27 — SI 

 Lon^pod ! - 

 Egyptian W-% 



34—89 



Suffolk... 

 Foreign . 

 Yellow... 



34 Norfolk . 



ft--* 



24-a 



27-44 



July 



Wheat. Barlet. 



Oats. 



Rti. 



39* 6d 



245 id 



20« 8d 



89 11 



24 6 



20 1 



26 1 



40 7 



24 4 



21 4 28 



42 4 



25 2 



22 3 



28 11 



43 5 



25 2 



22 5 



27 6 



43 6 



25 8 



22 



21 5 



32 5 



27 9 



41 6 



24 10 



1 t 



1 



1 



TTl 



« _f 4 MA 



Beam. Pia»» 



Aggreg. Aver. 

 Duties on Fo- 



teign Fluctuation* in the'last six weeks' Averse 1. ^ 

 Prices. June 7. June 14. Juke 21. June 28. Jolt ** 





435 

 43 



42 

 40 

 89 

 39 



Qd 



• •» 



5 



• •• 



4 



• .• 



7 



• •• 



11 



• «• 



6 — 





#•• 



Mi 



• •• 



• •• 



id 



Liverpool, Tuesday, July ^\r V jf^Jlt^^ 



accounts received from M ark-lane this ^"V in & cMBZ e to-dtf 



dera'e demand for Wheat at our Co rn ^ c . ntaiDitJg tij 



HOPS.— Friday, July 18. 

 Messrs. Pattenden and Smith report that the accounts 

 received this morning are decidedly worse on the whole, and 

 the duty has fallen to 90,000?. in consequence, with but few 

 in favour. 



H AY.— Per Load of 36 Trusses. 

 Cumberland Market, July 17. 



all descriptions of British and /?^ig n tul y dil a aberii 

 current rates of last week, to which holders 8 te 1 ^ 

 American Flour continued to meet a to le ! a .°£ hU ;, French *Jf 

 week's quotations were scarcely ex ceedea i and Fert 



Irish merely sustained late prices. Jj^^d in "£ 

 hems moTe difficult of sale, were ratber of 0at9 ,t>eu#3 

 Malt, on the contrary, advanced Is. per ^ atmeal doll,** 

 moderate request, supported former pneej . 6d< per qr/jT 

 6d. per load cheaper. Indian Corn ?^™f weJ i atten^J! 



hariBf 



Prime Meadow Hay 78s to 8«a 



Interior ditto 60 70 



{few Hav 60 70 



Old Clover 95 100 



• . ■ 



Interior 

 New Clover 

 Straw 



• •» 



• . . 



• •« 



«•* 



75 s to 88s 

 75 88 

 30 38 



Joshua Baker, 



■ • • 





Fam.r, Jolt ll.-ThU day's market be»°tf t0 



home and country millers the »•*>» bu , ineSS M™? 

 assumed a firmer tone, and a fair ezten {(jJ elgn «pr 



been transacted, all descriptions of W"' 1 with g » 

 manded the full rates of Tuesday, : «°J; «* rwa . »«"*£ 

 rather buoyant. State, and Canadian 1 W« d F* 



request, and prices a little better. B9rle ^ d Oatmeal mo^ 

 were severally the turn cheaper. J'^"^ coo"**., 

 •paringly at a slight redaction. ^jn«^ ^ curre at rw 

 meet a fair inquiry, and f 

 Tuesday, few parcels being 



sported 





