» 



isSl.l 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



467 



tri 



IRVSAN THKMUMS. 



\\T frK KaKLV Fi BRING. 



have a tine ami strong s of 



1 llT^tt' do* th. ! c ne« superb J y 



sua in ftrong ?nrr i for im e«ite tmfttti 

 ^-TwfW^tttbTp^'^if'i^ireJ.prtpiiid. a. eL 



CSTdo.. *°- do - 2 2 



^^* iftx! Lilliputie^T dri DO 



ACHIMENBS. 



,^H K> *0*r*r itti*diit*iy. The following 10 new 

 *"* TSl vwieH** for lit.. Tii. :— Bowmanit, Bdmerii. 



mndidora, Multiflora. E*eheriana, Fimbriata, Longi- 

 , ^ Rowa foperba, and Tugwelliana. 



» WB GLOXINIAS. 



5 





o5» 





garfi Van Hbntt«, 

 g^adrano, 3#. ft 



de Boullion, 2s. 6<J. ; or the 



« fine rtrletie« for 12s., including < nitinta splenrlens, 

 j^^jyLaa. Hubra grandiflor., Tettobfeeri, Wortleyaaa, 



fit** f«« t0 London I and extra P lant8 S™** 8 for orders 



jfcJLttoM on application. Pos'-offiee orders payable to 

 mEitU Beowh. or to Stephmn Brow*. 

 ^EIira*orre»pondentg. 



1*4 aad H ricultural Establishment, 



Remittances from 



rriM* BLACK PRINCE STRAWBERRY will h 



1 **touton ««ndav. 1 8th of August, at 6s. per KM, box 

 j^tafei • It hts prored itself to be tfce earliest round London 

 22 n re' rears, good in flavour, and a trei - ndou* bearer, and 

 S t t*it erring- : has taken fix \ The Keens and 



irHHB Qa**« »>. |»r 100 ; flame tim*. I pamphlet of W pates 

 Si* Market Str»ipn*ogrorrnd London," explaining evprvthinj:. 



Mm If W.i or bv P 0>t » 1## &*' '' aleo » a P am P nlet of 5(J P a -"^ 

 fooUln'ng, the "Belgian Prize Essay on the Potato and 



^^rfir«t-rate Fruits and " ; e tablet ;" price 2*., of h ost, 



Poft-offle* orderl on Camberwell— Jambs Cuthill, 

 well. London. 



». m 



Bit ©arttmrjaT Chronicle* 



SA TURD A F, i/TEL F 26, 1851. 



M TINGS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. 



T«r««DA7, JuTy 31— National Floricultural 3 p.m. 



Y«:t»AV, Aufftnt 1 — Botanical •• 8 j-.k. 



I *i Snow«.-Tuei4«y, Julv i; Ilamtawnrth and Lozells Horticul- 



tvrmt. m^»njr, lulf 30: Buckitithatn Horticultural. — Thursday, 



Hkj 11 tford ilartieultural. 



- — t 



< »n Tuesday last " Mr. Alcock moved the ap- 

 pointment of a select committee on the trade in 

 guano, lie offered to prove that a duty of 51. would 

 \ Id a larger return than a duty of 10L ; that the 

 fraght frnm the Pacific might be reduced to 3^. per 

 ton and other expenses to it. per ton ; that guano 

 was unexhaustible in Peru, three islands containing 

 18^000,000 tons ; that the reduction of duty would 

 benefit the agriculturist more than a 55. duty on 

 Wheat ; and that the import of gtratio had fallen 

 frotn 283,000 tons in 1845 to 1*16.000 tons last year. 



'• Mr. L ap.oucherb Could not consent to the 

 nation. The hon. gentleman had not made out a 

 case, and his argument was one which might pro- 

 perly be addressed to the Peruvian Government, 

 out not to that House. The motion was withdrawn." 



Such was the result, according to the Times, of 

 he attempt, mentioned in our last issue, to enhance 

 the price of guauo. The honourable member for 

 East Sorrey thought that an import duty of 61. or 

 1 a ton would render the article better suited to 

 w arrs of purchasers! In other words, having 

 assisted in enabling foreign agricultural produce to 

 € sold in this country almost duty free, he pro- 

 posed to levy an enormous import duty upon the 

 most important aid which our cultivators can obtain 

 "l contending with foreign grown commodities, j 

 Gaano, selling for 9/. a ton, Air. Alcock would in- 

 crease the market price by levying an import duty 

 tf.61. or 101. It must be confessed that the country 

 interest is tinder great obligation to the hon. gentle- 

 ttm for this brilliant device, which Lord Palmerston 

 aptly described as a new method of procuring plenty 

 W a system of prohibition. 



The motion being still-bom, it would hardly be 

 *orth further notice, if it were not for one circum- 

 stance. Mr. Alcock is reported to have said 

 that the importation of guano had fallen from 

 2b3,0OO tons in 1845 to 116,000 tons last year, 

 •eming, we presume, 117,000 tons, the official 

 TSturc giving 116,925 tons. With this correction 

 «e statement is true ; but it does not convey the 

 •vhole truth. The year 1845, in which 283,300 tons 

 ^ere received, was quite exceptional ; the quantitv 

 «* 1844 was 104,251 tons, and in 1846, 89,392, the 

 m ar t having been evidently glutted with the 

 e. Among the imports in 1845 were 207,679 

 tons of v priced Ichaboe guano, a very inferior 

 article, which may be said to have been exhausted 

 b}~ the great speculation of that year ; for during the 

 «ve y ears ^at have since elapsed, the whole amount 

 obtainable from the western coast of Africa has 

 <*Iy amounted to 12,7^3 tons, or about 2o00 tons a 



*f? on the other hand, we look to the returns of 

 2***^ and Bolivian imports, we find that they 

 * v * amounted to the following quantities since 



41, viz., 2062, 14,231. 1/J*>, 16,47% 14.101, 

 fW, 59,430, 64,191, 73,567, and 96,295 tons 

 4 * - It is, therefore, clear that the imports 

 °* fc *no have not diminished because of the 



iiminWied demand, but because of the s i 

 exhai on of the only source of supply th !d 



contend wi!h Peru. 



Nothing more retnatkable ban the end] 



ina uracies, to 11 them * the mildr ne. 



which it is our misfortune to be obliged to correct 

 in this matter of guano. By way of illustr ion, we 

 give the following extract from the lc er of one of 

 our city correspondents just receive 



•Thew are t?ro American ships now discharging 



fuano, the Hiber^niaand Mechanics' Own, in the Loti4bii 

 >"<ske, with cargoes of about 1800 tons of guano, from 

 New York. The do.lgery of this importation I cannc 

 reveal, but the following may be a reasonable inference : 

 No reduction in the price of guano is offered to the 

 public, althou i the co9t of freight to import is consider- 

 ably r lueed. Now, if this gtaano lias been imported to 

 New York with other cargo, and theiv landed for 

 shipment to England, it is a question (presuming it to 

 be originally obtained in Peru) whether the nble 

 reight will so operate as to allow of a competition. 

 W know by the wttfl from W >pirtg and other nautioal 

 regions, thnt the Yankees can cany goods and under- 

 sell the Britisher. 1 ' 



Upon enquiry we find this statement to be a 

 tissue of misinformation. The ships in question are 

 not to be found in the London Dock-, but are dis- 

 charging their car »es in the West India Docks. 

 They are not from New York, but from the Chi] ha 

 islands direct, having cleared last from Callao, the 

 port of Lima. They have nothing to do with 

 American agents, but their cargoes are consigned, 

 like all other IVruvian guano, to the house of 

 Antony Gi s and Sons. There is no "dodgery*' 

 in the ma er ; this and all other importations of 

 guano being regularly declared in the import lis . 



We cannot wonder that gentlemen in the House 

 of Commons should be mystified, when it requires 

 all the caution and experience of a London news- 

 paper to avoid being misled by statements like that 

 we have just exposed. 



selves swell* t, and tive rise to ai ithocium so 

 hat the same org capable at a cei n stage of 



wth ot Tininating and pi hieing a moul mi- 

 to that >m #1 h it sprang, or, by a further 

 dt >pment into a reticulated cy containing 

 sporidifenurs asci. of < in ing withil its cavity 

 a host of reproduct e b s equally fertile with 

 itself, in its unc anged condition. Nor, indeed, 

 is this the only case amongst fungi where so 

 strange an alter, on takes place in the cond "on 

 of a simple cell. The usual mode of fructification 

 in the genus Antennar , is exru v analogous, and 

 in this case the r« culated cyst itseFf assumes two 

 very different structures, either containing a m of 

 free spores, which, doubtless, arose in the first in- 

 stance from sporophores, or a complicated branched 

 epitome of the parent plant. Such deviations from 

 the normal tendency of the vegetative powers, i 

 not. indeed, without example in higher order- 

 plants ; as. for instance, in the production of cellJ 

 taasses, instead of seeds, in ( mnm. 



It is very possible, that the perithecia in the 

 Hop mildew, as well as in the Tea mildew, \ ly 

 arise from the creeping threa< . as well from the 

 ultimate or penultim e articulations of the ?ct 

 flocci, and that this may hold good in other speoies. 

 Few things, however, are more difficult u to 

 remove the par ite from the matrix in such a con- 

 dition as to show clearly the connexion of the several 

 part in consequence of the deciduous character of 

 the moniliform joints, and the close felting of the 

 threads f which the mass iB composed. It is at 

 least matter of certain? y that the white, black, and 

 red mildews of the Hop-growers are merely different 

 s of the same thii and it is more than pro- 

 bable that there will, in process of time, be as certain 

 i remedy for these as the farmer poss6gfes against 



Bunt M. J. B. 





The last great meeting of the Hoi louLTriur, 



on Satur- 



s " ietv for the present season took ph 

 day last, when 9345 visitors attended, in defiance of 

 a wet uncomfortable dfty. As was expected, they 

 included a large number of foreigners, especially 

 Germans and Americans, who appeared not a little 

 surprised at the gorgeousness of the scene in the 

 tents, and charmed by the beauties of Chiswick 

 House, its fine trees, rich turf, tranquil waters, and 



brilliant flower garden. 



What struck us most was the great variety of 

 objects which the exhibitors brought together ; of 

 all things an abundance, but of nothing too much. 

 Contrary to what is usual in July, the tables were 

 crowded with plants, and the plants possessed the 



Of fruit, too, there was 



blush 



highest order of merit. 



a noble display, and we had no cause to 

 for the productions of our forcing gardens, even 

 when scrutinised by the critical eyes of those who 

 are accustomed to see the finest fruit that southern 



Europe can produce in the open air. The Peaches 

 were admitted by gentlemen from the United States 

 to be better than the best of theirs ; and as for Pine- 

 toples and Strawberries, where can we look upon 



their like, except in England. 



Now that the season is over, we would suggest to 

 exhibitors the propriety of immediately sending to 

 the Horticultural Society whatever suggestions they 

 have to [offer for another year. Arrangements for 

 1852 are already in contemplation, and all advice is 

 very carefully considered, although it is not alway 

 taken. We believe that important changes in the 

 mode of showing will be brought under the con- 

 sideration of the Committee. 



The days for next year were long since fixed for 

 the second Saturdays in the months of May, June, 

 and July. 



A feav weeks since some observations were pub- 

 lished in our journal, accompanied by figures, tending 

 to show the identity of those kinds of mildew which 

 are known by botaniite under the generic names of 

 Oidium and Erysrphe. Our observations were 

 indeed confined toTea mildew, and even in that 

 case specimens collected at the same time, and sub- 

 mitted to a very practised observer, failed to exhibit 

 the structure which we had ourselves been able, by 

 some lucky touch of the dissecting needle, to demon- 

 strate, but which, in some other species, we had not 

 been able to extricate. We were, therefore, much 

 interested by the pretty drawing of the Hop 

 mildew, by Dr. Plomley, in Class 3, No. 64, 

 of the Great Exhibition, which shows, in the clearest 

 manner, the origin of the Erysiphe from the Oidium. 

 In this the perithecia do not spring, as in the Pea 

 mildew, from the procumbent threads which give 

 rise to the erect flocci, whose ultimate articulations 

 are monilifortn,and finally deciduous, and capable of 

 propagating the plant ; but one, or sometimes two, 

 of the terminal or subtenninal articulations them- 



ORCHIDS FOR THE MILLION.— No. IX. 



B$ B. 8. Williams, j?r. to C. B. Wabnek., Esq., Hoddesdon. 



Hot Climate — 1 nts grown in Pots with Peat. 

 3ff7HWfc tpertahiJis, flowers from July to September. 

 The blooms are yellowish white, the lip hem ; purple and 

 yellow, and they remain four weeks in perfection. It is 

 best cultivated *in a pot in fibrous peat, with plenty of 

 heat and moisture when growing. 



Milt<mia orniMia flowers in October and November, 

 the blossoms arc a deep rich brown, spotted with yellow, 

 the lip being white. This succeeds befit in a pot in 

 fibrous peat and good drainage, with plenty of heat 

 during the growing season : the flowers remain long in 

 perfection. These two Miltonias come from Brazil. 



Oncidium leucu<fi4tM7i, from Mexico, blooms from 

 March to August : this succeeds v 1 in a pot in fibrous 

 peat and good drainage ; wdien growing it should be kept 

 warm, but afterwards cool. It remains long in per- 

 fection. 



< hiatitium &ph acelahm (fpxmd ornm) comes from the 

 Honduras, and is a free-flowering variety ; the blossoms, 

 yellow and brown in colour, are very showy, and remain 

 long in beauty. It should be treated like the last. 



Oncidhun ampliatum (majiis). — A fine variety, from 

 Trinidad ; blooms in March and April, and remains a 

 long time in perfection. The flowers are bright yellow. 



(JMndvum oiwithorhynchnm is a neat little specie3 

 from Mexico ; it blooms from October to December, 

 remains long in beauty, and is vary fragrant. 



0/ Hnm incurvum, from the same country ; 

 in November and December, and remains long in 

 bloom. 



Oncidium guttatum comes from Jamaica; it flowers 

 in May and June. The blossoms are very showy — 

 yellowish green, spotted with dark brown ; the lip 

 j much darker, and self-coloured. These all 



nearly the 6ame treatment. 



Oncidium Barker i is a fine Mexican species, which 

 blooms in October ; the sepals and petals are richly 

 spotted with brown, while the labellum is bright yellow. 

 This succeeds best in a pot with peat and potsherds ; it 

 likes a good supply of heat and moisture while growing, 

 but afterwards it may be kept much cooler. The blooms 

 remain three or four weeks in beauty. 



Oncidium bicallomm, from Guatemala, flowers in 

 January and February. The blossoms are rich yellow, 

 with sepals and petals bordered with cinnamon. This 

 is a useful plant for the winter, as it rernauts five or six 

 weeks in flower. It should be treated the same as 



blooms 



require 





the last. 



Lmlia PerrmU, a beautiful plant from Brazil, flowers 

 in October and November. The blossoms are light 

 purple, with a crimson lip, and they last two or three 

 weeks in perfection. It is best grown in a pot with 

 fibrous peat and potsherds in a warm part of the house ; 

 it requires a liberal supply of moisture during the 

 growing season, but afterwards it may be kept cool and 



rather dry. 



Ceelogyne cri-sfata comes from India, and flowers in 

 February and March ; the blossoms are white and 

 yellow, stained in some parts with pink; it is very 

 fragrant, and remains long in beauty. This will succeed 

 on a block, but it does best in a pot in fibrous peat and 

 good drainage, with plenty of heal and moisture while 

 growing. 



Cwlogyne flaccida, from Nepal, blooms in March and 

 April. The sepals and petals are pure white, the label- 



