

478 



TH AGRICULTURAL GAZET 



>\ n , n Weil, now, this p >honr< ilrman has se cW< 

 SfKMM.tMtHlDf.te1 veryUi .rtmuo 



ted 

 f 



ttituc^a more iaaa uue-umi ui *.«< .,..«.-. j 

 our friend >hou*ht the best, there are 264 1 -r aim! , ot 

 grains of the ^stance so'd as eenuire. ™e m ethod of mx ft* 



£ this sample is reallv good. The sand ^^»f/^X 

 not mixer, and ground well toother ; but ^ w hole «^ rked 

 80 •artfully, that the small of the guano is ^ n ^ d J "^ ™ 

 marl, and then the unbroken arg lumps of guano arc C a e- 

 fulW added so as not to break them The whole, t here e 

 has very much the appearance jtfftod guano, tor toe lamps 

 in the mix ure ar merely the damaged guano unadue^^ 

 There is another specimen feahibltin* it>, in which, out of 1*10 

 grains, I found 257 of insoluble matter . |«t *» now show 

 you the proportion of instable matter which is contained in 

 genuine guano. This contains only 9 grains in oOO. Re- 



trade 

 trade 

 ton. 

 cash. 



only mean7bV' which you can ascertain is analysis. I will 

 however show \ou one mode of detection, which wid serve 

 your purpose so long as the adulterators continue to act ur,oi 

 the present system. They now adulterate with a heavy article. 

 If you take 500 grains of the best guano and 500 of an adul- 

 terated article, and put each into a tube of the same size, f'on 

 ■will find 'he adulterated article much lower in the tube thau 

 he genuine one. The presence of the sand is shown at once 

 by the comparative smallness of the space which it occupies. 

 I intend to bring out a little apparatus f »r u a e in the marker, 

 one which will enable you, under existing circumstance", to 

 detect adulteration. But I believe this would not 1 >ng serve 

 the purpose for which it is designed: the adulterators would 

 soon get over that difficulty, by using lighter and more 

 docculent matter. I must now show you " the article" 

 itself— the material f r adulteration— for it is shown in th- 

 as "the article/* You can buy the article in the 

 »r the purpose of adulteration from 20*. to 60s. per 

 There may perhaps also be 10 or 20 per cent, off for 



I hold in my hand, gentlemen, 500 grains of the 



article. ("The lecturer here exhibited in one tube 500 grains 

 of the article, and in a similar tube 500 grains o f " genuine 

 £uano/| You see the article presents a very s«>rry 

 appearance by the side of the genuine article. Observe th^ 

 amount of silica which it contains, and then judge what is the 

 extent of adulteration. 1 must, if possible, compel the atten- 

 tion of all present to this wholesale system of adulteration. It 

 is not, you see, confined to one or two small houses, but the 

 trade iii this article is as regular a branch of business in the 

 metropolis as the trade in guano itself. Possibly, there is as 

 much of this adulterated article sold, as of the genuine guano 

 from abroad. How does this arise ? Whence comes all this 

 adulteration ? It is partly owint; to the fact of the farmers 

 nibbling and haggling to get the last penny of profit our of the 

 dealer's hands. He has thus been compelling those who would 

 perhaps otherw's* br; honest, to seli an article like that which 

 I have been exhibiting.— A Member: It is the result of free 

 trade. — Mr. Sec. bit : This is not buying in the cheapest, but in 

 the dearest market. Let me here observe, that it is quite im- 

 possible for persons who have once bejun to adulterate, to do 

 30 to a small extent. No man can adulterate merely to the 

 extent of 10 percent. It w uld not pay. In the first place, an 

 article has to be purchased and worked up, and made to look 

 something like guano ; then there is the mixiug of this article 

 with the guano, which also costs money. The whole process is 

 expensive, and every particle of this expense, Its addition to a 

 large profit, must be paid hy the farmer, who buys the adulter- 

 ated article instead of the genuine. These adulterated manures 

 are sold, some for , some 61. , some 8J., a ton. The lea-t 

 adulterated is adulterated more than 40 percent. ; and in man 

 jases the adulteration is as much as 50 or 60 per coot. It 

 remains for you, gentlemen, to attempt to put a stop to this 

 mpofcitiou. I can scarcely offer any other practical means of 

 detection than that which I have just mentioned— that of ob- 

 serving and comparing the different degrees of specific gravity, 

 or bulk of the bamplea. Not bein^ accustomed to coemical 

 operation*, of course, you cannot be expected to arrive at the 

 truth by means of analysis ; but I would advise you, under no 

 circumstances, to buy manure without an analysis, or from 

 any other than a first-rate party. I must* confess that 

 I tee no effectual securi y except that which consist* in 

 your having samples of the bulk you buy analyzed. Now, 

 other manures are adulterated in similar ways. Nitrate 

 •of soda is now mixed with a well-prepared "sulphate of 

 magnesia, or Epsom salts, whose crystals are almost nn- 

 distinguisbable by the eye from the crystals of n urate of 

 aoda. Sulphate, and other salts of ammonia, are also much 

 adulterated. The cost of the anal} ma of these manures is, 

 however, only a few shillings, so that th^ farmer ought in no 

 case to receive the bulk of them without having a sample 

 analysed. There are, in fact, a thousand and one ways of 

 adulterating manures ; and you can scarcely ever be sure, 

 under present circumstances, that you are applying to your 

 j and a really genuin article. Supyose parties to buy this or 

 that manure. Take super-phosphate of lime. If you don't buy 

 from a genuine house you will have lar.-e mixtures. Fifty per 

 cent., and in some cases To, of worthless material is mixed 

 with the genuine. I must now mention another matter, which 

 is really so supremely ridiculous, that I har-ily know how to 

 mention it. I mean the fertilising of seeds. Many years ago 

 it was proposed to steep seeds of various kinds in solutions of 

 manure, or to roll them in some manuring powder, which, 

 adhering to the seed, would render good service in quickening 

 its germination, and promoting its early growth. There is 

 nothing unreasonable in this, and in many instances some 

 good has been done by the process. But within these few years, 

 botn n*re and m France, partus have come forward to do 



'"!2L» "£* e a T Wl *« ordin «T manuring, and to give such a 



„l^ wed as wiU carry them well through the harvest. 



But now tor the analysis of this precious manure far whtnh T 



: lid at the rate of 20, for H lb.^or^th™^raS a^ua- 

 .suming price of 407*. 15a. 6$d. per ton [ The verv first thin? 



!I^o^ ent *H l 2 -f 7 aa .„* 2 ? "** <>* carboLte yum! 

 —or common chalk. I will give you the full analysis. 



Composition of a sample of FettV.iHng Powder, at the price Of 

 Mo&ftttirt 



<Grganic matter 

 Hitrog en 



Carbonate of Bme 

 Potash and soda 

 Sulphate of lime 

 Iron not determined 

 Ph03phate of lime 



• • • 



• • * 



• • • 



• • t 



• • • 



■ • • 



» . • 



• » • 



• « • 



• • • 



» • • 



- - . 



• • • 



• • • 



• • ■ 



♦ » • 



- - . 





. # . 



• •• 



• •• 



• • * 





• • • 



• • 



64 



4.91 

 25.7 



1.47 

 55.50 



0.92 



1. 



71 



0.95 



97.80 



Edinburgh, all corroborating the fact of the immense Id nlt^f 

 tion of artificial manures. They have anS ofl , *l 

 guano which have been highly adu itemted * L™™* 1 ** °f 

 a letter from Professor Calvert* this , iSoto- n whtchT^if 

 formed me that he had analysed some wbieh mtaned r m 

 70 to 80 per cent, of sand. Now, gentlemen*! hare tons 

 brought before you the nature and extent of adulteration m! 

 mam object this evening was, that the reality Sw ^'forth 



to the agricultural world. I belt* ve, in fac I know, that there 

 are parties in London who are n cing th eir two or three thou- 

 sand a year by adulterating- manures. The names of these 

 men are scarcely known in the market, but yet that which they 

 manufacture finds its way to the land. It is not such gentle- 

 men as yourselves who are chiefly posed to this evil ; yok 

 take care to protect yourselves ; but there are many of the 

 poorer class of farmers who are continually imposed upon 

 without knowing it, because these gentlemen endeavour to buy 

 2 tons of guano for 10*., instead of being contented with 1 ton 

 at 101. I have placed the matter before you because I 

 think it ought to g ) forth to the agricultural world tha 

 farmers are being systematically and regularly cheat, d ; tha 

 they are imposed upon hi this iiki r ; that They are constant! 

 baying sand for guano, and oyster Lis for hones ; thae the 

 ■ire not merely cheated here and there, but that parties make 

 it their business to manufacture the article for no other pur- 

 pose than that of mixing it with manure. When all this is 

 known, the remedy will lie in your own hands. In the first 

 place, you will deal only with men who have a character to 

 lose, men who are stable and who will not risk their position 

 by anything like deception. In the second place you should 

 not neglect to avail yourselves of the security afforded by 

 analysis. 



METEOROLOGICAL REPORT.— July. 



(Continued from p.AHl.) 



! 



ti >ns. We have a Unn oja* -77^ 

 which make but little monev i£°f W 

 The Sup y of Sheep is not verv l ar ^ T 



much as on Monday las* ^« and 

 • ■ • - J • valves a Pe 



fciib 



lev 



<« 



, -190 Sheen -^ I V? mw| y *m! 

 Spain, 730 Sheep; from Scotfaud **% ««* £*** 



and Suffolk, 2 00 



80 Beasts 



milch cows from' the hn,j;7outtUes a ' >6nbamp ^ a ^ 



tte 



Best Scots, Here- 

 fords, <fcc. ... 3 



Best S ruhoms 3 

 d qua! Be ts 2 



Best Downs and 

 Half-breds ... 3 



Ditto Shorn 



4 to 3 



6 

 4 

 



• •• 



I 



10 — 4 



• « i 



• •• 



?Zl™?J^™^Tr M . 



gest kong-wooJ 



Ditto Shorn 



Ewes & 2d qnAflL * .. - 



Ditto Shorn %n °- 1 

 Lambs .. '* .«. 

 Calves .' -;•-* 



>i 



» 



• •t 



••• 



4 



Time. 



July 15 



16" 

 17 



18 



6.5 



p.m. 

 p.m. 



Max. 



• • t 



7.45 a.m. 



2.30 

 6.55 



p.m. 

 a.m. 



10.45 p.m 



19 8 



a.m. 



29.8G 



Sun. 20 

 t 



21 



11 

 7.15 



1.23 



1.40 

 10.15 



p.m. 

 a.m. 



p.m. 

 p.m. 

 p.m. 



7.15 a.m. 



10.55 



22 7 

 10.45 



p.m 

 a.m. 



• • t 



'29.61 



• • • 



• • 9 



29.73 



• ■ • 



29.91 

 229.92 



Min. 



Wind.-W 



• * 



WSW. Brisk ; sunny. 



Bar. steady ; light airs'N. 



Light airs N. and NE. At 

 1.15 thunder and heavy rain 

 throughout the afternoon. 



Moderate breeze N. and NW. 

 Cloudy. 



Evening, gentle breeze 

 terly. 



• • • 



3.GG 



t • • 



29.60 



29.60 



- . - 



29.86 



a.m.l 29.92 





• ■ • 



■ ■ 



• • • 



S. all day. 8.15 commenced 

 raining, with increasing 

 wind; barometer falliag 

 steadily; cold. 



p.m. blowing very hard. 



SSW. Blowing hard, and 

 quite overcast ; at 7.30 sun- 

 gleams. 



At 6.40 wind moderated and 

 veered to WSW., and baro- 

 meter rose rapidly. 



a.m. NW, Gentle. Bright and 

 sunny. 



p.m. WSW. Brisk at t ; raes. 



A.m bright blue sky ; gentle 

 SE. breeze, and barometer 

 steady till noon. I 



L 



* A storm coming from westward, and crossing England to 

 the eastward. 



f An unusually violent: storm for the season. It came from 

 the westward, probably from the St. Lawrence, travelling 

 slowly, and was of large extent, and went towards the north 

 of Europe* 



Dorchester, July Ah. F. P. B.M, 



{To be continued.) 



Notices to Correspondents. 



Kails : An Old Subscriber asks any correspondent who may 

 have experience in the matter, to tell h*.m the most durable 

 and economical kind of nail to use in roofing with slate. 



PaovrNCrALTSM : Medienns. Alsike Clover, named at page 427, 

 is Trifolium bybriuum, introduced from Sweden, whence its 

 name, which cannot be called a provincialism, is derived. 



Pocltry Address : Witt " Clericus DeYbiensis " kindly inform 

 " Clericus battdttveiwis " whether his Poland pheasant fowl 

 is procurable under the name Of either of Mr. Dixon's named 

 varieties. Another clerical correspondent asl for the address 

 of ,s Clericus Derbiensis." 



Superphosphate of Lime : MG H. Three cwt. per acre is a 

 fair d for Turnips. 



The Chemtstry op Agriccltore : W Parker. The subjects 

 you have named hnve all been frequently discussed by lec- 

 turers on the chemistry of agriculture ; and satisfactory 

 reasons, b»s*d on the doc rines of chemistry and physiology, 

 have been given for almost all the facts which come within 

 the range of the subjects you name. The composition of gas 

 *ater, ahditfe value as a manure, on account of tie ammonia 

 it contains, have long been perfectly well known to scientific 

 and practical men. 



Weeds : A Young Farmer. It is the Oxeye Daisy, Chrysanthe- 

 mum leucanthemum ; a perennial not easy to remove from 

 land it has once occupied. The only way is to pull it up by 

 hand, unless you plough up the field and so destroy it. 

 Drilling and hoeittfe * ill not remove it. It is a sytnp -n of 

 very bad farming to allow it to take possession of land, as 

 appears to be your case. 



HOPS.— Friday, July 25. 

 Messrs. Pat^enden and Smith report that the accounts 

 from the plantations still continue to come worse. The 

 marke; is improving, and the duty is estimated at 90,0O0J. 



Prime Meadow Hay 

 Inferior ditto .. 

 Row en 

 New Hay 



HAY.— Per Load of 36 Trusses. 

 Smithfield, July 24. 

 75s to 80s I Clover 



t •* 



• • • 



« • • 



55 



60 

 55 



70 

 65 

 70 



New do. 

 Straw 



■ • • 



• t ■ 



**• 



■ *• 



• •• 



75s to 95s 



60 80 

 28 8ft 



J. COOPEB. 



lit 



••• 



The supply short, but quite equal to the demand. 

 ^.. „ 3 Cumberland Market, July 24. 

 Prime Meadow Hay 78s to 84s Inferior 68s to 80s 



In^rior ditto... 

 New Hay 



>ld Clover 



58 

 58 

 90 



70 

 70 

 98 



New Clover 

 Straw ... 



• • • 



68 80 



» aO OO 



Joshua Bakee. 

 SMITHFIELD, Mo.ndat, July 21. 



a? a T* s ,* ,5am a lari!e "W'y "* B«asrt8 ; however the 

 demand has , increased, and eonaequently the iop quotations 

 were more freely g lven , and in a few instances exceeded 



f a .rr^ < l Li,rab V V,re not near, y 'oplentifol as on Monday 

 las but the number was still larjje, and trade slow, al hou.h 



iXotzt^r 286 CalTes = from *<*£ " syji 



Per st. of 81bs.- 



Best Scots, Here- 

 fords, <fcc. 



Best Short-horns 



2d quality Beasts 



Best Downs and 

 Half-breds 



Ditto Shorn 



-8 d s d 



3 4 to 3 6 



3 2 — 3 4 



2 4-3 



3 10 — 4 



Per st. 



of 8 lbs.— s d s d 



.3 6 to 3 8 



Best Long- wools 

 Bitto Shorn 



Ewes <b 2d quality 2 10 



Bitto Shorn 



Lambs 



3 4 



« • • 



i i . 



4 



2 

 2 







4 



8 



Calves ... 



m. Friday, July 25. 



The supply of Beasts is larger than the demand- in 



qnenceit is circuit to effect** dear^^TSSndi^lf 



4 

 I 

 I 



8 

 6 



4 



Peaches and Nectarines have been l ,V 6 ' 

 during the past week, but Pines andr,^ s P ar »glV 

 Strawberries are beginning • t" wMcat? P ri. ir * 9tl 

 nishedfin large qnantitiii, and thw ^ 1 ***}?* aT ^ «*^ 

 West Indian Pines fetch from 2s ^ *T ££"*?? ta SS 

 Lemons are scarce. Nuts remain nearlv tht 0ran «w t 

 last week. Carrots, French Bean 3 ^ 5 p^ 8 ^ « ^H 

 quantity. Potatoes may be obtained at Id to giln!^ * 

 tuces and other salading are suffioip/t V ^'^ Ue. 

 Mu-shrooms are a trifle cheaper Cutfll for the ***£ 



Pelargoniums, MignonetteSo^ 



Pinks, Moss and Provius Ro.es. ^^•iHwpha— --- 



Pine-apples, per lb., 4s to 7s 

 arapes,hothou*e,p. lb., 2* to 5S 

 Peaches, per doz., 10s to 20s 

 Nectarines, per doz., 10s to 20s 

 Cherries, per lb., 6a to 2s 

 Melons, each, 4s to 8s 

 Strawberries, p. pottle, 6d to Is 

 Gooseberries, per half sieve. 

 2s to 4s 



Currants, per hf. sieve, 3s to 5s 





Cabbages, per doz., 6d to Is 

 Cauliflower^, p. doz., Is to 2s 

 French Beans, per half sieve, 



3s to 5s 

 Beans, per sieve. 2s to 2s 6& 

 Peas, per sieve, 2s to 4s 

 Rhubarb, p. buadl., 2d to6d 

 Potatoes, per ton, 90s to 200 



— per cwt., 4s to 8s 



*■* per bush., Is 6d to 3s 

 Turnips, p. bunch, 2d to 4d 

 Cucumbers, each, 3d to Is 

 Ra *hes, per doz., tfd to 9d 



— Turnip, p.dbz., 8dtols 

 Celery, p. bundle, 3d to 2s 

 Carrots, per bunch, 4d to Gd 

 Spinacli, per sieve, Is 6d to 2s 



Veeretabre Marrows, per doz., 



Is to 2s 

 Onions, p. bunch, 2d to 6d 

 Leeks, per bunch, 3d to 4d 



VEGETABLES. 



Almonds, per peck, ft 



Lemons, per dot^y 



Oranges, per dot., &d io k 



- per 100, 6s to 14, 



- Seville, p. loo, 7* to 



Nuts,Barcelona,p.b- 



- Brazil, p, bah., 



^P erl00Ibs ^0.toS| 



Shallots, per bunch, 3dtitf 

 Garlic, per lb., 4 ( gd 

 Artichokes, per dot., li to > 

 Lettuce, Cab., p. score, 44 t,K 



Q~~,i£ o ? ,per8C0t * M *ll 

 Small Salads, p. punn.,!dWi 

 HorseHadi&h^.bundLin^i, 



Red Seer, per doz., htofc 

 Mushrooms, p. pot., l 8tl J, 



Sorrel, per ht. sieve, SdteH 

 Fennel, per bunch, U to 34 

 Savory, per bunch, 2d to U 



Thyme, per bunch, 2d to Id 

 Parsley, per doz. bun., 2i *|| 



— Koots, p.bundl.&dt* 

 Mint, green, per buncb,(d toll 

 Basil, green, p.buncb, GdtoM 



Marjoram, green, do., 6dtoN 

 Watercress.p. 12bunch.,MtBld 

 Corn Salad.p.h£ aieve.lstolsM 



COAL MARKET.— Fkidat, July 25. 

 Carr's Hartley, 13s. 6d.; Eden Main, 13s. 6d.; Tanfield ifoor, 

 12s. 9d. ; Wallsend Lanbton, 14s. 6d. ; Wallsend Tees, 14s. H. 

 — Ships at market j 71. 



MARK LANE. 



MofcfDAT, JoirY 21.— The supply of English Wheat to-day wis 

 short, and was taken slowly on the terms of this day se'noi^t 

 Foreign could only be disposed of to necessitous bayenii 

 small quantities, and at somewhat reduced prices for Dsntik 

 qualities, which was only acceded to by holders having- ressdi 

 on demurrage — Barl y is a free sale at our quotaaan«.-Beioi 

 aud Peas are dull. — Oats are in fair request, at an improre- 

 ment of fid. to Is. per qr. upon the prices of this dayse'a«glt 

 — There Were a few samples of new Rape and Caraway seed 

 at market ; seme of the former was disposed of at Ml. per last, 

 but for the latter we heard of no sales.— There is no alterttMS. 

 in Flour. 



Per Imperial Quarter. 

 Wheat, Essex, Kent, <fc Suffolk... White 



— fine selected runs... ditto 



— Talavera 



Norfolk, Lincoln, & York.. .White 



— Foreign 



Barley,£-rind. & distil., 22s to k 2-5s...Chev. 



— Foreign... grinding and distilling! 22-26 1 Malting 

 Oats, Essex and Suffolk 18-21 



s. s.i i. 



40-45)Red jJM* 



44-47lRed I -42 



Red 



35-50 



27— 32|Malting .-4-ff 



Scotch and Lmc< du shire... Potato 22< 



Irish Potato 



Foreign Poland and Brew 



19 

 20 

 24 



Feed 





Feed iif*H 



45 



.22; Feed J 



26 Foreign 



27-31 



34 



29 

 26 

 24 



Kye 



Rye-meal, foreign per ton 



Beans, Maiagan 5fls to 30s Tick 



— Pigeon 2S — 84... Winds 



■ — Foreign ;... Small 21 



Peas white, Essex and Kent Boiler* 23 



— Maple 26d to 18s Ore} 



Maize White 



Flour best marks delivered ...per sack 



— Suffolk ....t ditto 27 



— Foreign per barrel 1 20— ** *- — ^ 



Friday, July 25.— The supply of foreign Wheat otjjj 



has been moderate, and of other grain small. *o-aaj8 ^ 

 was thinly attended, and the business transacted m ™~^ 

 been less than on the| previous days; in prices, no ^^JJJ 

 Barley meets a fhir demand at former rates.- D ^jL^ t 

 •ftfl *a ift«f nursed — AUhoup-h the suonlv of Oats is s^ , » 



Harrow. .'- 



Lonspod . - 

 Egypnar 



Suffolk 

 Foreign. 24-» 



Yellow., 



39 



34 Norfolk 

 2^' Per sat* 



Peas as last quoted.— Although the Bupply ^ vw '" " f e t»T? 

 trade is not brisk, but prices remain ^as on ^^JJffofrg in 

 tther more inquiry of Flour. mt 



There is nothing 



floating cargoes from the Mediterranean. 



Imperial 



Averages. 



June 11 



— lldH 



28 



K 



12 



19 



July 



•••••••«• 



Aggre •;. Aver. 



Duties on Fo- 

 reign Grain 



Wheat. Barlet. , Oats. 



MslW 24s 6d;20t Id 



40 



7 



24 



4 



42 





25 



2 



43 



5 



25 



2 



4 3 



6 



25 



8 



41 



7 



25 



6 



Rye. 



i Br* 1 * 



PlASt 



21 



22 

 22 

 22 



21 



4 



3 



6 







11 



26a Id 

 28 



28 11 



>X 6 



3031* 



22 



38 



5 

 2 



42 

 1 



25 1 



1 



30 

 M 



U 



31 



i 



l» f J 



8 

 6 



21 8 (28 6 



$1 3 



i 



i o ■ 1 o j i 



ah 1 



Livebpool, Tuesday, July 22 — 

 was a fair attendance of the towo and country 

 purchased to a moderate extent of Wheat^aniu^ 



AtthUdayjJ *^J# 

 j ,wMintrv tra fle '^ 



purt'imseu co a moneraie exiein- vl t» ««■-- i — #e v* 

 the prices of this day week. Oats and 9*l m R ar ley, B«* 

 held at late rates, but the demand was hmited. d j t ^, 

 and Peas met with a slow sale, at rather loW ;v hoI <jers ** 

 was only a small show of Indian Corn, anu Affie &* 

 enabled to realise 27s. 6d. per qr. for prime J* 1 ™ 13.^ 



and 26s. 6d 



use a a. 00. uci 41. ™* r- - TnnT *— 



to 27s. for mixed. rtwir.jn^ ^ 



Indian com oi>ened at 6d . per quarter J c ^'" sa les *f 

 recovered before the market closed, ana a * drcat ion JJ 



conse- 

 quota- 



weather is fine, and buyers on the grain marK^^^ ^e 



he 

 here was no" positivechange in the P"^ of 1 ^J'S» ** 



wetnucr is nne, ana ouvers on mcgi- accotCW 1 ' wtf 



as much as suits their present purpose. limited, "^ 



business at this morning's market wwjwne Tue9daT J»* 



effected ioto the interior-of this country, gi* JJ , ig feeaW 

 prospective larger English demand for came a 

 ihan we have been accustomed to. 







