• 



488 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



The heat of 



Calendar of Operations. 



(For the ensuina iceek.) 



PLANT DEPARTMENT. 



Let shading be used less frequently, and for a shorter 

 number of hours, as the season advances, 

 the solar ray is rarely too powerful now, even if it were 

 the growing season ; and as the plants ought now to be 

 ripening their growth, they have need of not only all 

 the daylight, but even moderate sunshine. In the case 

 of Orchids this is especially necessary, that the roots, 

 leaves, and pseudo-bulbs may be thoroughly matured. 

 Those which are already in this state, or nearly so, 

 should be removed forthwith to a cool house. Great 

 <jare 'should be taken not to excite such plants into a 

 new Growth at this time, as it is much too late to get 

 theinproperly matured, and the unseasonable draught 

 -upon the stored energies of the plants will materially 

 interfere with their next production of flowers. Den- 

 drobiums of the D. nobile character, which are suf- 

 ficiently advanced in growth, should also be removed to 

 a cooler house, where they should be supplied with a 

 moderate temperature, abundance of air, and scarcely 

 any water, till their stems are ripened and their flower 

 bads formed. Those Orchids which are in a growing 

 state should be placed in the most favourable positions, 

 and encouraged by a high temperature, so long as the 



strength of davlisht will admit of such a course. 



'FORCING DEPARTMENT. 



Pineries. — Maintain a high moist temperature, with 

 abundance of ventilation to Pines which are now 

 swelling their fruits, and a rather drier atmosphere 

 around those which are in flower. In all the stages 

 except that last mentioned, and when ripening, use the 

 .syringe freely in very fine w r eather, when there is a 

 certainty of the moisture evaporating by the heat of the 

 sun ; but, on dull days, depend almost entirely upon the 

 evaporating troughs, and be careful to admit air to 

 prevent too great a condensation of moisture. If the 

 syringe is used in excess during this month it is liable 

 to render the soil too wet for the healthy development 

 of the plants. Take care that the bottom heat does not 

 get too strong for plants which have been recently 

 potted or planted. Vineries. — When the late crops 

 have done stoning, the borders, both inside and out, 

 should have a good soaking of liquid manure to assist 

 the swelling of the fruit. Do not allow the process to 

 go on too sluggishly, if they are of kinds adapted and 

 intended for late keeping. Muscats ripened with the 

 aid of the summer sun, by the end of August are infi- 

 nitely superior, both in appearance, flavour, and keeping, 

 t> those which are dawdled on through the next two 

 months. When thoroughly ripened by the end of this 

 month, or the beginning of September, they will keep 

 till the end of February. Vines in a more forward 

 stage, on which the Grapes are just beginning to ripen, 

 should be gradually inured to a freer admission of air, 

 and if it be desired to keep for any length of time those 

 which are quite ripe, they should have the advantage of 

 a slight shading during very hot or scorching weather. 



FLOWER GARDEN AND SHRUBBERIES. 



Cuttings of Roses should be taken immediately and 



planted in a close cold frame in a north aspect for three 



weeks or a month, until they are cicatrised at the base ; 



they should then be taken carefully up, potted in thumb 



pots, and plunged in a close warm frame with a gentle 



hottom heat. So treated, they will make nice plants in 



a very short time, and if kept under slight protection 



during winter, will M their pots with roots, and be 



ready for planting out in April or May. Pink pipings, 



if put in at the time we recommended , will now be 



ready for transplanting ; and in doing this not a moment 



should be lost, as they have need of all the rest of the 



season to establish themselves in such a manner as to 



prevent the frost injuring them. If the situations 



ultimately intended for them are vacant, they should be 



planted in them at once, as they thereby flower much 





a sufficiency has been potted for forcing, and that all the 

 new plantations have been properly prepared and 

 planted. As the fruit is ail gathered, the old exhausted 

 beds may be at once destroyed, preserving the younger, 

 one or two year old beds, to afford the main supply 

 next season ; and it should be an object of especial 

 attention to cultivate these plants in such a manner that 

 they shall produce an abundant crop. As no more 

 I runners are required, those which remain should be 

 cleared away ; but taking care not to injure the leaves 

 o* the plants. Their growth during the remainder of 

 the season should be encouraged by forking some very 

 rich well-rotted manure 'into the ground about the 

 plants. It is a point of the first importance to preserve 

 the old foliage uninjured ; as upon it depends the perfect 

 elaboration of the sap for the production of next year's 



crop. 



KITCHEN GARDEN. 



In northern or cold situations no time should be lost 

 in sowing the main crops of winter Spinach in good rich 

 ground, deeply trenched, avoiding thick sowing in all 

 cases. The rows should stand about 16 inches apart, to 

 allow a free passage for forking, cleaning, and gathering 

 the crop. At the first gathering every other plant 

 should be drawn out ; thus giving additional space to 

 those which are to produce the late winter :and spring 

 supply, and which should ultimately stand 6 or 8 inches 

 apart. Some strong, well-curled plants should be selected 

 from the spring sowing of Parsley, carefully lifted with 

 large balls, andjplanted at the foot of a south wall. V? A 

 quantity planted in boxes proves very useful -[during'! a 

 long continuance of severe weather in winter, if placed 

 in a cool Peach-house or similar situation ; or a spare 

 light or two may be devoted to the protection of the 

 finer Parsley for garnishing. Let the early kinds of 

 Potatoes be got up as soon as the tops are ripe enough ; 

 and let particular pains be taken to pick out all the 

 tubers, as those left in the ground are very annoying in 

 future years. Let the produce be sorted, and if of an 

 approved kind, let all the small andj moderate sized 

 tubers be carefully preserved in dry sand or charcoal 

 dust. Be at a little trouble also to test the different 

 varieties, and do not allow your number of sorts to 

 exceed half a dozen, selecting those only which are most 

 liked on table, free croppers, early in coming to per- 

 fection, and least liable to be affected with disease. 

 Many of the medicinal and pot herbs, commonly culti- 

 vated in gardens, will require gathering this month ; the 

 proper time is just when they are in full flower. They 

 should be cut quite clean on a fine warm day, tied in 

 small bunches, and hung up in an airy room till they 

 are perfectly dry ; after which they should be put into 

 tin canisters, glass bottles, or paper bags, to preserve 

 them from dust. Either of the former contrivances are 

 preferable to the latter, as they guard the herbs against 

 damp, and prevent the escape of their delicate aroma ; 

 along with which their virtues are in a great measure 

 evaporated. Continue, as time and space occur, to plant 

 Cauliflowers and Coleworts. Make a sowing of Onions 

 rather thick, and of some good sort of Cabbage, for 

 spring use. Pull Shallots, and lay them on a gravel 

 walk, or on dry ground, for a few days before removing 

 them to the store-room. Onions, also, will require 

 attention. Plant out some stout plants of early Cab- 

 bages for winter use, 6 inches apart, and a foot between 

 the rows ; this will give room enough for the best dwarf 

 kinds, as every other one can be removed while young, 

 and thus leave room for the rest to grow larger. 



State of the Wenther near London, for the week ending July 31, 1851, 

 as observed at tiie Horticultural G*r<ien, Chiswick. 



Julj. 



•jd 





the soil of which should consist principally of light loam 

 to which has been added some charcoal dust or charred 

 refuse ; a little dung mixed with road drift and soot 

 should be added. The rotten manure from an old Mush- 

 room bed answers very well for this purpose, as it 

 encourages a mass of fibres, and produces a healthy but 

 not oyer gross development of top. Some time ago we 

 promised to remind our readers about making memo- 

 randa of the most suitable arrangement for half-hardy 

 plants next season ; we are just now doing so ourselves 

 and we take this opportunity of redeeming our pledge' 

 As an easy method of reducing the thing more com- 

 pletely to a a stem, a rough plan should be made of the 

 arrangement of the beds, which should be numbered and 

 referred to an accompanying list of the names of the 

 plants with which it is designed to fill them next year 

 and the quantity required for each bed. Bv compiling 

 a summary from this list, accurate information is at 

 once obtained of the quantity of plants which must be 

 propagated immediately by cuttings, and both by these 

 and seed in spring. By this simple means redundancy 

 and deficiencies are avoided • disappointment is pre- 

 vented on the one hand, and waste of time on the other. 

 Whilst the half-hardy plants are in their greatest beauty, 

 a tasteful eye will easily discover the weak and im- 

 provable po nts, and by observing the more satisfactory 

 part, will readily perceive the most desirable future 

 arrangement. 



FRUIT GARDEN. 



Strawberries.— In places where the work is kept in 

 a forward state, it may be presumed that by this time ' 



Friday.. 

 Satur. .. 26 

 Sunday , 27 



Monday 28 

 Tuet. .. 29 



Wed. .. 

 Thurs- . . 



if 



a 

 5 



i 



i 





BVBOMETIR. 



30' 2 



31 3 



; 



Max. 



29.^38 

 29J49 



29. UU 

 29.S0:> 

 39.790 

 29.973 

 30.000 







Ilia. 



59.4*9 



2 ! iff 



21 -8 

 29.803 



29.7 68 



29.837 



29.8 Sti 



Tbmfshatuhr 



Or' the Air. Of the Earth Wind. "3 



Wax. 



Min. 



Mean 









n 



51 



61.0 



69 



44 



56. 3 



72 



57 



64.5 



69 



57 



63.0 



75 



49 



62 D 



7» 



55 



85.0 



73 



62 



67.5 1 



1 foot 

 deep. 



60J 

 fit 



60 

 61 



61 



62 

 62 



21.8^7 29.759 7 2.0 5 3 5 ' t gj I 61.1 h 



|2 feet 







j deep. 





.00 



58 



N.E. 



59 



W. 



.01 



5SJ 



S W. .02 



59 



S.W. 



.06 



59 



s.w. 



.03 



60* 



N.W. 



.52 



60 



S.W. 



.01 



59.1 ' 



1 .65 



n» 







^uly 26— Overcast ; very fine ; cloudy. 



— 2* -Very fine; cloudy. 



— 27— Cloudy and fine slight showers in the evening. 



— 24— Cloudy; rain; densely clouded, with some large drop 3 of rain 



occasionally; fine. 



— 29— Fane; showers, with hot sun at intervals ; very fine ; cloudy. 



— 3'»— Fjfcgjr ; very floe; heavy rain 6-S p.*., cloudy. 



— 31— Hazy; oveica?t; fine; slight shower; overcast, 

 ean temperature of the week.} deg. below the average. 



State of the Weather at Chiswick, during the last 25 years, for the 



ensuing week, ending a *»t 9, 1351. 



August. 



St* - 



* g 5* 



br s 



! 



Sundaj 



Moo 



Tues. 



Wed. 



Thurs. 



Friday 



Satur. 



4 

 5 

 6 



7 



8 



9 



7» 



A 



74.-: 



7*2 

 74.6 



75.3 

 75 9 



J5«sS 



51.6 



52.3 

 53.4 



52 . 

 51.0 

 4>6 

 51.4 



No. of 

 Years in 



which 't 



Earned. 



14 



n 

 li 



M 



6 

 9 



9 



Greatest 



Quantity 

 of Kain. 



Prevailing Winds. 



18£>-therm. 89 deg. ; and the lowest on the 6th, 1833-therm. 36 deg. 



9.h, 



Notices to Correspondents. 



answer your 



Birds ; A Liverpool Sub. We cannot at present 

 question. When the serie 3 is ended, we sha#be better able 

 tojurL-e; most likely not.-THE Bullfinch ic//. Your bird 

 is Buffering from too close confinement, which has brought 

 on this peculiar and troublesome disease. His departed 

 vivacity and constant inactivity prore there is g0 mething- 

 radically wrocy in his constitution. The first step towards 

 his recovery will be to give him amusement, and so dis'rac 

 his attention ; for you must erer bear in mind that animals, 

 like ourselves, occasionally require and must have "a 

 change. I should recommend your devoting a small 

 chamber to his use, and letting him have the entire range 



»b "ill b, re uS f**^!? 



ot it, with the use of abathT~~R 



well, but you may contrive 



period longer. His feath 



The corns on his feet wilTbe "fittuX^* 1 4 wh «bJ 



cannot be removed. All you can n U T \ kt *>W 



vary his diet as much /i lolllu %* «** l£ ^ 



f^nate birds, and will ampl/renTy t„ T - he !f ■"•Sff 



M H . The illness of your favourite biSlfiJ? flre - ^2 

 regretted - the mo^e so, as no reasonable L U ***fe 

 out for his recovery. If be has «**«? J V 10 ** ***h IS 

 he is the Methuselah «&^%***JZ 

 longer than four years in a cage. Theswii^ ^ 3 

 your bird in a place and in a manner VhSh ?> il J3 

 prove fatal. Every exertion he makes , JSS ^ .*^3 

 Violent inflammation may be expecl^ho^ 1 ^ 

 when even the use of one leg, which he i^.^ 



him. All you can do is,°if yoThavenet •h'S** 

 "remove;' him prematurely, t5 plao* hU *£? **?*% 

 readily within his reach. Beyond* thVoVSd-^ 

 remains to you,— to bury him, and "lettrt ***l 

 his little grave " W K. let faH * «» % 



Celery : Constant Sub. Tou may tie up Tour P I 



proposed with advantage ; but do not tie them^S 1 

 or you will do injury. cm *• r*"-*- 



Diseased Grapes : J 3. It is a curious case, ajrt u 

 examination J «i *um 



Fios : Anon. Seedling Figs do not require fertilisatin. ^, 

 any others. The old notions about caprificitioe^JJ 



J. 



iounded on imperfect observations and false in fer«wl 



Fuchsias : 8 NF. Your plant does not flower, beca^fcir*. 

 luxuriant. Cut its roots, or cramp them in a wSK? 

 keep it in a hot dry place, and do not prune it. InZt' 

 you will throw it into flower, ' ^ 



Fuchsia spectabilis : S E C. Tou will find a food lim- 

 its treatment at p. 758 of last year's volame. t ^^ 



Glazing : J WP. We much prefer Hartley's rough tfia fe 

 to all others for horticultural purpose* ; but you mattS 

 care that it has sufficient play between its ed«s njZ 

 rebates into which it fits. Take care, Joo, that it k* 

 annealed. All glass will break if the laps are not MU 

 unless there is so much space left between the two bag 

 will render capillary attraction impossible, or unkafc 

 laps are very narrow. You had better putty them, liagja 

 have plenty of ventilation elsewhere. 



Grapes : Inquirer* Your glass house will ripen good Grift 

 without fire heat, and if Peaches and Nectarines are treat 

 near the glass and not shaded, they would beforwirWta* 

 weeks or a month, by carefully husbanding the inn'ibs. 

 You might put a variety of things in your home dear 

 February and March, such as boxes filled with Seattle, W, 

 Ac. ; but we would not advise you to try too murtfcea, 

 until your experience bee >mes more mature. Your treat* 

 suffered from too much confinement ; wall trees d) beatta 

 the covering is removed during fine weather, and &na 

 very simply be done by means of lines and puUep. la 

 season has had something to do with your Cbiafsa Fee 

 all ripening at once. You should have sown OQcetfirttta 

 till the middle or end of June for a succession.- K i ftey 

 are covered with mildew, for which sulphur app'ied earlf 

 enough is a certain cure. See p. 469 of last weekiJaAr 



Heating : W A Cronsaz. If you stop the flow of wifcr.a 

 return will be possible. Keep your house dampiba* 

 Vines are growing, and you will have no red spider. Aif» 

 what is there now, when the wood is ripe aal qtitthirt, 

 scrape off all the loose bark, and wash the brancha wi4i 

 mixture of lime and sulphur. At the same time wMtefMl 

 all the walls and places where insects can harbour. 



Insects : J C \f. The Turnip leaves were •* ^J** 32 ' 

 post that it was impossible to determine bj*nie««" 

 different insects which attack the Turnip the ««•"■ 

 had been made, as no traces of insects were to be peream 

 We however refer you to our article on the Dfamofla-Mff* 

 Turnip moth in this week's number. W. 



Mk. Hyatt's address is Manor Farm, Deptford. 



Names of Fbuits : Baldock. The Pear ii wpposed to w ■ 

 Beurre Diel ; and the Apple the HawthomOetu 



Names of Plants: T S B. Medicago micol^* ^ 

 tium incanum.--i Subscriber. It is the wr.«4 WU* £ 

 Ulmus morttana crispa-an accidental ™**^J£ 

 gated by grafting or layering ;.-./ W'^ 

 —Aline. Stephanotis floribunda.J-Z , B. tu « 1 r^ 

 mum.-PP. Lotus tetragouoIobu* r ^ 

 a leaf of Quercus tinctoria^C^^ A^c« 



T S. Tne Gladiolus is Antholyza «*^f • "JJI^ 

 like a morsel of Bryum li g ulatum \ - ; K '. fl l i "a r iablTfW ,i:: 

 men of Hpipactia latifolU ; B. P^^SAvS* 

 sMfiv-a! W Cattleya granulosa var :.^\ t '&» 

 hopea Lindleyi; Angora maculat^ 

 thallis is not determinable, it looks more h*" ^ 



may m* 1 ' 



lum ; the Oncidium withered before we _ 



sufficient examination of it. p * b »* W ^ *£** 

 hereafter. - A few enquiries stand over lor 



sideration. , 



Peas : Anon. The large flat pod you Beat ^ 



Sans Parch In, the pods of winch are c. fc , 



tate, like those of ^ French Beans 1" 



t is the Sugar FevJ 



RlD3E CUCDMBEBS 



S uence of beiog : exposed to too ang « >,„,,. 



Auv -n, a "v^x? sii r« 5. « 



time a low temperature, xne *»«= •-- ClB rf 



extremely unfavourab e to *^ 



put frames over your p ^^^s ti 1 hne^ aeatj J* |j 



Stbawberries: A Constant ^ scri ^ rocure d bj «d^ 

 of the best sorts we have, and can be procure 



able nurseryman. , h fiscal' ed"^ 



Turnips: T T. They are attacked by wba-u^ ^ 





and Um," . dl..«. ^gVXil .ppMgV 

 »erapic' K s of roads mixed with cslcareow ^ f|t 



anu lues, «* u'^«^ \, v 



volume, to be prevented by 



dressiog Of wood-ashes also tends tc > obviate d $ 

 Vines: A 2?., Hoddesdon Lu ^ na ^ g excre^ncesto^ 

 sphere have caused the small green excre nel «[r** 

 your Tine leaves. They do no harm. J ^ Crttnt FflB |ev 

 sentia covered with Torula fumago 



or Smat 

 Jf.Yoar 



arises from damp and bad ventiation. 



nan Grapes are shanking because ^therr ^ ^ 



a soil : perhaps too far off **J*™l' e M *«**£ 



1 



are delicate varieties, and «*"*<}'- wlth 



have cured miiaew ^ 



Il3 lph«lT. 



certain remedy a 



to hear that you nave «*-»"*- T"««rl with perse'""^. 



pplied in-line an- wit^ ^^^ 



>w them 1 

 our Home Correspondence 



Violets : J B. Grow them m nd»jt "» 



SEEDLING FLOWERS- f 



Calceolarias: T B. Your blooms bad a io «£ 



from the stalks when they reached *% tQ ^ o^ 

 unable to particularise them *^$* eo \ooxM 

 They are for the most part ^"^te call j^ 

 W marked, but they all want* hat no l§tit ^ 

 A few of the best of them might Howe 

 tried another season.* T , s s too ^ 9X TL 



Pansies: PP. Not worth naming'. * r to p» 



Dried up. This ie not a ^^ber* _, H jfr 



Send them again m ?eptem» ^^,^5 



up 

 on them. 



Pelargoniums : R. N. Apparency gent wt» 



shou d like to see again ; for the » 



ably injured by travelling- • whatcTe r, ^11^0 

 Picotkes : TM S. Of no ** l **Z**^(or*#** r 



border varieties, and they are not fO*w 



many already in cultivation.* 





