31 



18 ] 



f II K AGRICULTURAL ( VZETTE. 



48 



PERUVIAN i.UANO. 

 ,, . UTlOX TO AGRICULTURISTS. - 



\J It fri frC notoriom that extensive adulteration of thit 

 xi * vi'ftK are *till carried on, .— „ 



* A5tR ANTONY GIBBS AVD SONS, AS THE 



a\Ly" IMPORTERS OF PERIVIAN GUANO, 

 *_^^aL i: to be their duty to the Peruvian Government and 

 tiJi Public af ain to recommend Farmers and all others who 





*-. tab* carefully on their *uard. 



The character ot the parties from whom they purchase will 

 _t_Znm be the best security, and in addition to particular 

 JJSSob to that point, ANTONY GIBBS awd SONS think it 

 -Jj to remind buyers that— 



The lowest wholesale price at which sound Peruvian 

 (frano has been sold by them during the last two years 

 ii SL 5#. l*r ton, less 2J per cent. 



Anv resale* made by dealers at a lower price must therefore 

 leeve a lot* to them, or the article must be adulterated. 



HOSE! HOSE!! HOSE ! ! j Improved tin vat 

 Hose, Lined and <\.ated with Gutta IVrcba for Liquid 

 Manure, Fire Engines, Garden and Farm purposes. — This 

 Hose is greatly improved. The rigidity of seam avoided, the 

 flexibility increased, the waterproof qualities xtended, the 

 price more reasonable. Much research and trial by the Manu- 

 facturers has enabled them to arrive at wha* they consider a 

 perfect Hose. Improved Guttapercha Colon Joints" of all sires. 

 Gutta Percha iti ail its branches. — Apply to Messrs. MrrrHELL 

 and Co., 98, HUh Holborn. London ; International Depot f 

 Patented and other Inventions. 



T-HEtONDON MANURE COMPANY beg to 

 offer, as under, CORN MANURE, most valuable for 

 caring dressing— Concentrated Crate, Superphosphate of Lime, 

 sfttrate of Soda, Sulphate of Ammonia, Fishery and Agricul. 

 inral Salts, Gvpsum, Fossil Bones, Sulphuric Acid, and every 

 3ber Artificial Manure ; also a constant supply of English 

 lad Foreign Linseei-cake. Peruvian Guano, guaranteed the 

 •tnuine importation of Messrs. A. Gibbs and Sons, 91. 10*. per 

 or 9/. 5#. in quantities of 5 tons and upwards. 



Edward Pcksir, Secretary. 

 40, Bridge-street, Blackfriars. London. 



XANURES. — The following Manures are manu- 

 factured at Mr. Lawes's Factory, Deptford Creek : 

 Clover M anure, per ton £11 



Turnip Manure, do 7 



Superphosphate of Lime 7 



Sulphuric Acid and Coprolites 5 



Office, 69, Kiug William-street, City, London. 



N.B. Peruvian Guano, guaranteed to contain 16 per cent, of 



Ammonia, H, 10s. per ton ; and for 5 tons or more, 91. 5s. per 



ton, in dock. Sulphate of Ammonia, <fcc. 



HOSE FOR LIQUID MANURE, Fire-engines, 

 and agricultural purposes, made of canvass, lined and 

 coated with gutta percha ; it is about one-third the price of 

 lesther or india-rubber, will convey liquids of all kinds under 

 a heavy pressure ; it is extensively used at the Government 

 public works, also by the navy, and amongst agriculturists, 

 giving universal satisfaction. Testimonials and prices may be 

 obtained of Messrs. Burgess and Key, 103, Newgate-street, sole 

 manufacturers. — London Agents : Messrs. Deane, Dray, and 

 Desne, Swan-lane ; Messrs. Tilley, Biackfriars-road.— Country 

 Agents : Messrs. Ransome and Parsons, Ipswich ; Messrs. J. 

 and S. Jhnson, Liverpool; Messrs. Dickson, Hull; Mr. S. 

 Wilson, Agent f or Scot land. 



ANTHONY'S PATENT AMERICAN CHURN 

 has obtained a Prize at every Agricultural meeting at 

 which it has been exhibited ; and the Proprietors have sold 

 upwards of 2000 in one year, and received from all parts of 

 England the highest testimonials in its favour, both as to the 

 short time required, the quantity and quality of the Butter 

 made, a copy of which testimonials, with prices, will be for- 

 warded on application to Burgess and Key, 103, Newgate. 

 Street, Sole Agents to the Proprietor. 



CTEPHENSON and Co., 61, Gracechurch-street, 



^ London, and 17, New Park-street, Southwark. Inventors 

 and Manufacturers of the Improved CONICAL and DOUBLE 

 CYLINDRICAL BOILERS, respectfully solicit the atten'ion of 

 scientific Horticulturists to their much improved method of 

 *PPljing the Tank System to Pineries, Propagating Houses, 

 4c, by which atmospheric heat as well as bottom heat is 

 secured to any required degree, without the aid of pi pes or flues. 

 S. and Co. have also to state that at the request of numerous 

 friends they are now making their Boilers of Iron, as well as ! 

 Copper, by which the cost is reduced. These Boilers, which 

 are now so well known, scarcely require description ; but to 

 those who have not seen them in operation, prospectuses will 

 be forwarded, as well as reference of the highest authority ; or 

 they may be seen at most of the Nobility's seats and principal 

 Nurseries throughout the kingdom. 



^8. and Co. beg to Inform the Trade that at their Manufactory, 

 17, New Park-street, every art ; cle required for the construction 

 of Horticultural Buildings, as well as for heating them, may 

 be obtained upon the most advantageous terms. 



Conservatories, &c., of Iron or Wood, erected on the most 

 ornamental designs. Balconies, Palisading, Field and Garden 

 Fences, Wire- work, «fce. 



aTfie agricultural @a*ette- 



SA TURD A Y y AUG US T 2, 1851. 



MEETINGS FOB THE T*0 t-OLLOWINQ WEEKS. 



t«».„.- a„„ -I Yorkshire Agricultural Society*! 

 To»sdav. Aug. 5{ Annua i Meeting »t Bridlinjctoo. 



WiDRvsDAY, — 6— A friculturnl Society of England. 

 Tbueidai, — 7— Aarrieultural Imp. Soe. of Ireland. 



w -««•-«. « 1* S Agricultural Imp. Soc. of Ireiand'aJ 



WaDHiapiT, - 13 1 ABnual Mc€ting al Dublin. 



*J 



FOR WATER ISQ GARDENS, DISTRIBUTING LIQUID 



MANURE, BREWERS' USE, <fcc. 

 PATENT VULCANISED INDIA-RUBBER HOSE-PIPES 



AND FLEXIBLE GAS TUBING. 



TAMES LYME HANCOCK (sole Licensee and) 



Manufacturer, Goswell Road, London. 

 These Pipes are well adapted for Watering Gardens, con- 

 veying Liquid Manure, racking Beer and Cider, for portable 

 Gas Lamps, and all purposes where a perfectly sound Water- 

 proof and Flexible Pipe is required. Hot Liquors or Acids do 

 not injure them ; they are, therefore, much used for Chemical 

 purposes, as they require no oil or dressing when out of use • 

 are particularly suitable for Fire Engines, and are found ex.* 



ceedingly useful in Dwelling-houses for conveying Hot or Cold 

 Water to Baths, Ac. # 



Testimonials and prices may be had on application to the 

 Manufactory. 



N.B.— Vulcanised India Rubber Garden Hose, fitted up with 

 Roses, Jets, and Branches complete, with unioa joints ready 

 to attach to pumps or water cisterns. 



All Letters or Orders addressed to J. L. Hancock, Goswell 

 Mews, Goswell Road, London, wili meet with immediate 

 attention. 



Waterproof Fi*hing Boots and Stockings, Portable India- 

 Rubber Boats, Shower and Sponging Baths, Air Cushions and 

 Beds, made all sizes to order, 



[RON HURDLES. -The IRON~mjRDIJES^ 



7" a Vri at Wind8 ° r » ^ the Royal Agricultural Society, are 

 for SALE, on reduced terms.— A^ply to Hv. Manning, 251, Hi* 

 Holborn, or at the Home Park, Windsor. * 



~ DURABLE OUTrDOORTAINT. 



fl ARSON'S ORIGINAL ANTI-CORROSION 



V^ PAINT, specially patronised by the British and other 

 Governments, the Hon. East India Company, the principal 

 Dock Companies, most public bodies, and bv the Nobility, lwa4VW UiAtll V14C , v . u 



Gentry, and Clergy, for out-door work at their country seats! {prminoicrl *V^~s +V. OR iL 

 The Anti-Corrosion is particularly recommended as the most te ™ ln ated about the 2oth. 



durable out-poor Paint ever invented, for the preservation of 

 every description of Wood, Iron, Stone, Brick, Compo, Cement, 

 *c., work, as has been proved by the practical test of upwards 

 of 60 years, and by the numerous (between 500 and 600) testi- 

 monials in its favour, and which, from the rank and station in 

 society of those who have given them, have never yet been 

 ♦quailed by anything of the kind hitherto brought before the 

 public notice. Lists of Colours and Prices, together with a 

 vopy of the Testimonials, will be sent on application to 

 JJ* 1 -™ CaasoN and Son, No. », Great Winchester-street, 

 \>la Broad-street, Royal Exchange, London No Agents.— All 

 oiisrs are particularly requested to be sent direct. 



We last week mentioned the singular and formid- 

 able appearance of a swarm of moths and their 

 caterpillars in the Turnip fields in Cornwall, and in 

 another column we print some observations upon 

 this case. We have now to record a similar mis- 

 fortune in Ireland, near the bay of Tramore, in the 

 east of Waterford. Some insect, a moth also, 

 though probably not the Cornish one, has produced 

 there swarms of caterpillars, that have already all 

 but destroyed one-third of the Turnip crop ; and as 

 the caterpillars are only just hatched, will probably 

 make an end of the whole. They prey upon one 

 side only of the leaves, and rapidly sweep off all 

 before them. The Turnip crop on Lord Fortescue's 

 property, reported to have been in a beautiful state, 

 has been thus ravaged, and the fields are now said 

 to look as if devastated by a swarm of locusts. 



The small size and injured state of the caterpillars 

 that have been sent us, render it impossible to name 

 the insect, until we receive further particulars. In 

 the meanwhile, we would solicit information from 

 our correspondents as to the appearance of this new 

 pest in other parts of the country, if unfortunately 

 it has appeared. 



Few events have attracted more interest in the 

 sister country of late than the approaching Great 

 National Cattle Show of its Agricul turill Society, 

 which we perceive, by our advertising columns, is to 

 take place in Dublin on the 13th of August. In 

 whatever way w T e may regard this meeting, we must 

 consider it one of great importance, both as regards 

 the social state of Ireland generally, and its con- 

 nection in an industrial way with the inhabitants of 

 this country. 



We are glad to perceive that the Council give 

 every encouragement to strangers from all quarters 

 to exhibit, and the Great Challenge Cup is in itself 

 sufficient to induce numbers to cross the Channel 

 to contend for it. This prize was won last year at 

 Cork, by Mr. Wilson's celebrated heifer, " the Lady 

 of Brawith," and in 1849, in Dublin, as a yearling ; 

 but having failed to prove in calf, she forfeited the 

 cup, which is now in the possession of the Hon. 

 Mr. Nugent, and is open to be challenged again this 



year. 



We are also happy to see that the Council fully 



appreciate the value of agricultural machinery, and 



not only give large sums in prizes for the purpose, 



but also undertake to carry them from Liverpool 



to Dublin free. We trust that this accommodation 



will be sufficiently appreciated, and that most of our 



English exhibitors will avail themselves of the 



facility, and show large lots in Dublin. There is 



nothing, in fact, that the Irish people want more at 



present than good farming implements, to reclaim 



the country from the state of nature to which it is 



in many parts reduced ; and all the new proprietors 



of the Encumbered Estates know this, and are 



striving hard to obtain them. The tenant fanners 



of England and Scotland are also beginning to find 



their way over, and these are the men who will not 



set to work unless they have proper tools for the 

 purpose. 



On the whole, we wish the meeting every success ; 

 coming as it does one month after the' Windsor 

 Show, it cannot fail to attract thousands. 



JLet us now advert to a few of the circumstances 

 which render the cultivation of Turnips somewhat 

 different in the north and south parts of Britain. 

 Twelve years ago, the greater part of the Turnip 

 crop in the north was dressed with bones, or a little 

 dung in addition. The season of sowing seldom 

 commenced until the 10th June, and was generally 



This practice was 



perfectly correct and proper according to the circum- 

 stances, because, when the crops were early sown, 

 the. warmer season hastened on the crop to a pre- 

 mature ripeness, and a small weight of bulbs. In 

 dry seasons, when the crop had not a supply of ni- 

 trogenous manures the yield was light. Since 

 the introduction of guano, and the extension of 

 extension of the feeding of cattle, a great advance 

 has been made, for Turnips are now sown much 



earlier, as the nitrogenous element force* the plants 

 > expand its leaves in the early part of the season, 

 and its vitality as well as its nitrogen-collectin 

 functions are by this means maintained in the en 

 of the season. The common varieties of Turnips, 

 however, did not stand the frosts of winter well 

 when early sown ; but the Swede has now become 

 a most invaluable variety, as it admits of being 

 sown in the early part of May, at least on all soils 

 moderately retentive of moisture. In Lothian, for 

 instance, a favourable season after the 1st of May is 

 not suffered to pass, but seized upon to put in the 

 crop. The great advantage of the Swede in Scot- 

 land is, that it admits of early culture ; but this can 

 only be done when it is well dressed with nitro- 

 enous manures. Mr. Lawes entirely reverses the 

 climatic action of ammonia ; for if the following 

 passage has any meaning at all, there is a double 

 fallacy in it :— " Peruvian guano, which contains a 

 large quantity of ammonia, as well as phosphates, is 

 found to be a much more certain manure for Tur- 

 nips in Scotland, where the fall of rain is large, than 

 in those parts of England where it is much less.* 

 The superiority of the seasons in Scotland over 

 England, for the growth of the Turnip, depends 

 more upon a lower temperature in the early part of 

 the season than any slight difference in the amount 

 of rain. It is in dry seasons that ammonia is most 

 required, and it is in moist seasons, and on the west 

 coast of Scotland, where superphosphate is a 

 favourite and succes ful manure. Last season (1850) 

 was characterised by a much larger fall of rain in 

 autumn, on the west coast of Scotland, than on 

 the east. In the west the Potatoes suffered from 

 disease, but they almost escaped in the east, 

 where the Oat crop was remarkably light, in conse- 

 quence of the drought. In a conversation which the 

 writer had with Mr. Kennedy, Myremill, in Ayr- 

 shire, he stated that he had 7 tons of bulbs more 

 per acre where superphosphate of lime was applied 

 along with the farm-yard manure than with guano, 

 for the latter manure had developed the Swede 

 stems to a most injurious extent, whereas super- 

 phosphate promoted the early formation of bulb. 

 But the case was very different on the east coast, 

 where the season was so dry. Mixtures of phosphate 

 of lime and ammoniacal salts produced excellent late 

 sownxrops, where superphosphate of lime was little 

 else than a failure. Mr. Hope, of Fentonbarns, 

 writing the report of the crops of East Lothian m 

 Scotsman of 1st October, says, u The effect of guano 

 in promoting vegetation in dry weather has this 

 eason been rendered strikingly visible ; where dis- 

 solved bones, coprolites, and artificial mixtures have 

 been applied to the Turnip crop, alonp with a portion 

 of farm-yard manure, the drills (ridges) done with 

 Peruvian guano stand up on each side of them like 

 a strong fence, and are an excellent crop ; the 

 former are scarcely vet the shape of Turnips." We 

 would almost think 'this would satisfy any one on a 

 subject which is practically well understood and 

 acted upon, but where mere theorising on isolated 



nderstanding. 



facts tends to mysticism and 



The chief advantage which the Scotch farmer has 

 over the English, in regard to the growing of Turnips, 

 is, that the lower temperature in the north admits 



and the nutritive 



of a longer period of growth, 

 qualities of the crop are superior ; hot, dry seasons 

 more frequently happen in England than in Scot- 

 land, and thus ripen the crops and impair 

 their nutritive constituents, and when they have 

 been liberally dressed with nitrogenous manures 

 they are liable to decay in the store pits. The 

 English farmer has Mangold Wurzel to substi- 

 tute for early Turnips ; and, according to the best 

 authorities, he can as easily grow 30 tons of this 

 root as the Scotch farmer can raise 30 tons of Swedes. 



The habits of our cultivated plants are very dif- 

 ferent, but there is a great analogy in many of them, 

 in their greater or lesser reliance on the soil for 

 their organic food. This, in practice, determines 

 their exhausting qualities ; for example, we observe 

 many points of resemblance in the exhausting effects 

 of Wheat and Turnips when they are grown beside 

 each other, through the dry, cold months of spring. 

 A great many of the crops* which are grown in our 

 rotations possess like properties, and have been 

 naturally looked upon as exhausters or restorers 

 of fertilisers, according to the different states in 



have placed them. Barlev can be 



which we have placed them liariey can 

 grown side by side with the Swede ; in 

 Scotland they may both be sown in the end of 

 May, and produce excellent crops. Under these 

 circumstances Barley will be much less exhausting 

 than it would be when sown on the 1st of March. 

 This functional resource of the plant, when it becomes 

 less dependent on the soil for organic constituents, 

 is mainly atmospheric. It is totally independent of 

 the mere quantity of rain or amount of heat. It 

 evidently depends on temperature and the watery 

 vapour existing in the atmosphere. We shall, there- 





