502 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



en 



on Sorrel, 

 that most 



WHdn — The observati- s at p. 467/npon the two 

 gen •' OOSum tod Erysiphe" arc entirely at variance 

 wth my own experience, although I have devoted much 

 time to the investigation of this particular subject, for 

 the express purpose of clearing op the doubt to which 

 their connection was involved. I have examined a 

 reat number of specimens on various plants in every 

 sW of growth, making drawings of the Oidmm from 

 plant on separate pieces of paper, and afterwarus 

 comparing them. The result clearly showed that at 

 some one time every peculiarity of form observable on 

 one plant might be also found on all the others, the 

 joints of which the moniliform stems are formed vary- 

 ing from one to serev. All the joints, 

 when mature, contain sporules, which I 

 have sown and propagated on the leaves 

 of other plants than those from which 

 I took them. The prostrate threads 

 Connected with the upright sterns are at 

 first few and far between, but soon increase, and 

 form a close-felted coating, not equally close on all 

 plants but rendered more dense and indistinct 

 by the falling of the upright stems upon it, which 

 collapse, and being glutinous make it a compact 

 mass. To attempt to obtain the true characters of 

 the Oidium at this stage is mere labour in vain, 

 as I know to my own cost ; but after examining 

 fresh specimens continually, and propagating the 

 species from the Vine, or the Pea, Verbena, Enchanter's 

 Nightshade, and several other plants, I felt myself justi- 

 fied in reducing several species hitherto considered dis- 

 tinct, under the general name " id i urn commune," and I 

 have seen no reason since to alter my statement. I 

 now come to the Erysiphe, which has been confounded 

 with the Oidium in my opinion with very little reason — 

 the principal one being, that it is found amongst the 

 felted threads of the Oidium, on some plants, though 

 never on others, which is of much importance. — On the 

 Vine, Peach, Verbena, Circcea lutetiana, and several 

 others, I have never found it, though clothed with 

 the felted mildew Oidium — very rarely on the Cucum- 

 ber, more frequently on the Hop, and commonly 



Aquilegia, Plantain, Burdock, &c, and 

 elegant species E. penieillata on the 

 Gooseberry leaf (now abundant). It seldom appears 

 until after the Oidium has finished its growth, and 

 formed a felt It then originates in small whitish 

 "bules which turn yellow, and brown when mature, 

 first they have few or no fulcra, or support- 

 ing threads ; soon.however, these are thrown 

 out on all sides to the number of 8 or 10, 

 which attach themselves like Ivy to the 

 epidermis ; these are thicker than the prostrate 

 threads of the Oidium, their extremities being divided 

 into a palmate form. When quite mature the fulcra 

 seem to contract, and are lifted up from the leaf, and 

 become dispersed ; so that a leaf dotted all over with 

 them may be in a few days without a specimen. Each 

 peridium contains four or five asci, shaped like a Grape 

 Stone, containing sporules. Other species 

 of Erysiphe are not so easily detached from 

 their matrix, in consequence of their being 

 more tightly strapped down, by the threads 

 of the Oidium in company with them, which 

 sometimes entirely cover the peridium of the Erysiphe ; 

 although it usually contrives to thrust a portion of its sur- 

 face through the matted threads. I have not seen Dr. 

 PJomley's drawing, but can easily conceive the peridium 

 of an Erysiphe thrusting itself through a collapsed joint 

 of the Oidium, without arriving at the conclusion that 

 there exists a natural connexion between them ; several 

 fungi absolutely grow out of other fungi, but the species 

 are not thereby rendered identical. In the case referred 

 to, however, I apprehend the Erysiphe must grow through 

 the Oidium ; not out of it, as if it were giving rise to an 

 anomalous and heterogeneous offspring ; for as each 

 plant contains distinct sporules of different forms ; the 

 one in upright stems, and the other in round sessile 

 peridia, it would be departing from all recognised laws 

 to suppose that the seeds of one plant should produce 

 the other ; and though some strange stories of transmu- 

 tation of plants may gain credence with some people, I 

 confess that I am not one of them, nor do I think 

 * M. J. B." ever will be. F. J. Graham. 



Salting Walks.— In a paragraph at p. 4(U, Mr. Bailey 

 states that it is an error to think that one dressing of 

 salt is sufficient for a season ; but from the experience 

 I have had, I think it is quite sufficient, if it is put on at 

 a proper time. Last season two walks were salted here 

 at two different times; the one application proved 

 effectual, and the other a failure. The first walk was 

 salted on a very hot and dry day, and with the desired 

 effect up to May last. There was not a weed to be seen 



I 



glo- 

 At 



& 



** 



Incubatory propensities of the "Hedge Accentor, 9 *' 



Having examined attentively the article " Cuckoo," 

 beg to state, for the benefit of your ornithological 

 perusers, that I have just now, in a close-clipped Holly- 

 bush, a hedge-sparrow's nest with three unfledged young 

 ones in it. On Wednesday last it had three eggs in it. 

 On Saturday it contained three naked young birds. This 

 morning (Monday) I have just inspected the nest, with 

 the three little hedge-sparrows in it. They gaped for 

 their breakfast, and seemed to be doing very well. Men 

 of science now call this sweet warbler the * Hedge 

 Accentor," but here, in Yorkshire, amongst us rustics, 

 it always goes by the name of Dicky Dunnock. Should 

 any of your readers remark, with Cervantes, that one 

 swallow does not make summer ; * Una golondrina no 

 hace verano." I will further add that, the year before 

 last, in the last week of August, I found a Dicky Dun- 

 nock's nest here, in a thick Yew bush, with four eggs 

 in it. Charles Waterton, Walton Hall, near Wakefield, 



\M 



'G. 9. 



Aug. 4. 



Fleming's Tar Paint 



In your last number you have 



printed "adhered to" instead of "-at hand,* which I 

 believe I wrote, though perhaps illegibly. Perhaps you 

 may think it worth while to correct the error. L. L. 



Depth of Wetter for Water Plants.— They talk of Calla 

 living in 1| feet of water, and not living in 1 foot, and 

 so forth. What does this mean ! The ball of a large 



Do 



pot of Calla is more than 6 inches deep. Do they 

 count the depth they state, from the base of the roots 

 and bottom of the pot, or from the crown of the roots, 

 which is the top of the pot ? Without that-explanation 

 the words "foot," or "18 inches," are of no definite 

 meaning. A. II. [The depth ought to be calculated 

 from the top of the pot.] 



Old Botanical Neimes. — Which is the true Statice 

 armeria ? which the true Cactus Opuntia ? which the 

 true Canna indica \ Similar questions might doubtless 

 be asked of many of the Linnean genera and species. 

 Modern accuracy has, by the results of close investiga- 

 tions, cut up these old species into many new ones, some 

 of which will presently be enumerated. Statice armeria. 



Under this name botanists formerly included — 1st, the 

 dwarf British crespitose. plant, with harsh curly leaves, 

 short downy scape, pink or white flowers, not rare on our 

 coasts, so truly maritime that it is hardly to be found 

 even on the inland slope of the hills which it covers 

 towards the sea. 2d, the common German sort, with 

 grassy leaves, long smooth wiry scape, pink flowers, 

 native of the sandy meadows near the Elbe, as high up 

 as the Duchy of Anhalt ; and 3d, the larger Italian 

 kind, with long soft grassy leaves, smooth or scabrous 

 (not pubescent) scape, and pink flowers, growing in 

 mountain pastures high among the Apennines. Statice 

 (various species), is common on the Mediterranean 

 coast, but not armeria, of auy species. Have these 

 plants been well discriminated by any author ? the 

 trivial names might well be A. maritima for the British, 

 pratensis for the German, montana for the Italian. 

 Canna indica. — It is difficult to know what is the 

 species that first bore this name. A tall, branching, 

 three petaled, crimson-flowered Canna, is usually called 

 by that name in the south of Europe ; while a dwarf 

 variety, scarcely differing in the flower, is distinguished 

 as Canna coccinea. The species of Canna and Musa 

 seem capable of flowering at various stages of growth 

 and stature. The tawny, or buff flowered Canna, seems 

 to be the hardiest species. S. 





on it nor at the present time, but it was nevertheless 

 thought advisable to give it another dressing this year. 

 The other walk was done on a wet day, and, as already 

 noticed, was a complete failure ; so that, as far as my 

 judgment goes, salt is the best and most economical 

 remedy for weeds that can be used. It has answered so 

 well here, that it has been employed to a very sreat 



mutts* 



Horticultural, A ug. 5.— W. W. Salmon, Esq., in 

 the chair. Mrs. Lawrence, of Ealng Park, sent an 

 interesting collection of Orchids, in which were three 

 species of Cattleya, two Oncids, Vanda Roxburghii, the 

 tailed Angrec, Epidendrum phoeniceum, the beautiful 

 rich crimson variety of Dendrobium secundum, intro- 

 duced by the Society a few years ago ; Stanhopea 

 insignis, and a new Cycnoches, bearing a pendent chain at 

 least 1.5 inches long, of very singularly formed blossoms. 

 A Knightian medal was awarded for these. A similar 

 award was also assigned to Mr. Smith, gr. to W. Quilter, 

 Esq., of Norwood, for six excellently grown Cape Heaths, 

 consisting of two varieties of tricolor, Ewerana superba, 

 Irbyana,the larger variety of retorta, and infundibuli- 

 formis. The latter, on account of its beauty and nice 

 form, attracted especial attention. Mr. E. G. Henderson 

 of the Wellington-road Nursery, St. John's Wood, produced 

 small examples of /Echmea miniata and discolor ; the 

 cream-colored Pitcairnia suaveolens, and a good speci- 

 men of Tillandsia carnea. The latter bore a nice 

 head of pink flowers, and although, perhaps, in general 

 appearance, too much like a Pine-apple, it never- 

 theless promises to be a plant of considerable value. 

 A Banksian Medal was awarded it. A flower of a 

 seedling Fancy Pelargonium called Negro Boy, 

 apparently a free blooming variety, a small punnet 

 of Black Prince Strawberry to show that it is not only 

 very early, but also very late, and a dish of Lapstone 

 Kidney Potatoes, were furnished by Mr. Cuthill, of 

 Camberwell. The latter were produced to prove that 



.a/1 /**. r\,#i,:n>„ -i~ r /»____. i. 



?S 





of the Cherries and Plums iT^TT i ^r- 



from Sawbridgeworth to London S?^ ' 

 to show that very small plants of tfi? 

 pots will bear heavy crons at « f klll ^ofti^ 

 stated to have been%mZiL^^ ^ 



an « Orchard House » £ ~£ **} R^ 

 Beech hedge for a back waS ^«* *k i 



front. The pots had heen stendinj S a 5ft * 

 and were open at the bottom, in order 1 n 

 to pass into the bed below. T wo or k dW **2 

 with Hay thorn's muslin net, to7ho v W E "^ 

 may be preserved in the autumn ■ for hi F* 

 autumnal rains do not injure' t£ ? ? ^ 

 may also be preserved in the same* m k l 

 shrivel, and become very delicioT B?i% 

 pots were painted round with chonned h, \ ? ** 

 and salt, which has been found Sffa'Sft.K 

 the snail tribe. A Banksian Medal was a S **J> l 

 Markham, gr. to the Hon. R. Clive M ^ ?*%* I 

 received a Knightian Medal for a Wutifufly £5 

 Moscow Queen Pine-apple, weighing 4H r o ** 

 for a Providence, 9 lbs. 10 oz. Mr!p r i<* "J^l^ 

 Thompson, Esq., M.P., had a very fine Queen J2l 

 5 lbs. 8 oz., for which a Banksian Medal was'aJS? 

 and Mr. Jones, gr. to Sir J. Guest, Bart l 



Queens, one Gibs., the other ,5 lbs. 12 oz., and ant 

 veille, 7 lbs. 1 1 oz. A Banksian Medal v. j^ 

 the heaviest Queen. Mr. Markham produced a 

 Black Hamburgh Grapes, large both in bunch audit* 

 and finely-coloured, for which a Banksian medilS 

 awarded, and Red Hamburgh and Black Harahri 

 were furnished by Mr. Martin, gr. to Sir H. FleetiS 

 Bart, Hill House, Windsor Forest. Some ire* 

 opinion that Red Hamburghs are only badly colocaj 

 Black Hamburghs, but Mr. Martin's exhibition west* 

 prove that this is not the case, for one Vine in % 

 centre of his Vinery bore the large Grapes ex 

 which had the colour of an Orleans Plum, thou 

 were quite sweet and ripe, while those growing on eithr 

 side of it produced jet black fruit, which was ot 

 different from the red kind. A Certificate of Merit in 

 awarded for the latter. The same grower also prodoal 

 the Windsor Prize Melon, a small, netted, green-flaU 

 kind, excellently flavoured, and Mr. Markham senU&W 

 Melon, weighing 13 lbs. 15 oz. The latter was not «fc, 

 and therefore no opinion of its merits can be _ * 

 was stated that four of such Melons weighed coUectirA 



trurtei 



m 







1 iauera 



35 lbs. They had been grown in a rudely cons 

 temporary pit, merely by way of experiment. Mr 

 Martin received a certificate of merit for Yery fine 

 Morello Cherries.— From the Garden of the Soot 

 came five different kinds of Orchids ; three varieties 4 

 Achimenes ; the Rock Abelia (A. rupestris), u 

 but hardy evergreen shrub ; two Cape Heaths, the ^ 

 fashioned Arduina bispinosa ; the ever-flown* 

 Lyperia pinnatifida ; Kalosanthes miniata ; the s»Mt 

 smellinff Rhynchospermum jasminoides ; the beau: 



rubioides ; and Boronia viminea, togette 

 with Seymour's Golden Perfection Melon, ft *g 

 good variety, and the following Vegetables :-WHt 

 Paris Cos Lettuce. — Seeds of this have freqwn| 



distributed to Fellows of the Society, as i ■ 

 very best summer Cos Lettuce. The specimen exhibit* 

 was grown on the top of the ridge between vM* 

 Celery. The entire plant weighed 4 lbs., but » 

 in perfection a week ago weighed 4 lbs. o oz. 

 leaves hood over each other at the top, so UK 

 for blanching is scarcely necessary. It a a l ?™^*, 



E 



been 



Iiree weeks longer than any other Cos in runningtos- 

 My White Aoped Gourd,-T\us is the name u* 

 which the seeds were received from Amenca. 

 sometimes called the Crown Gov.nl; aaa " - 

 Put, , or Bonnet d'Electcur, of the French, nep- 

 forms a round bush, not runnhvj like most on* 

 ami iho fruit is produced very close to the sap- J 

 or Apple Squash -So named from its ^«£g 

 size, resembling that of an Orange, to size a ^ 

 forms a very great contrast with the W am ™ ^ 

 Ckou-nm blaZc lUtif de Vienne and Cho^^ 

 Veinne ; both Turnip-rooted Cabbages, tu j !g 

 flesh than the common Kohl Rabi, «J nch » «J fc 

 cattle. Pois Sans Parchem in, or Sugar t-ea, m 

 pods of which are cooked like those ot trie" 

 It is much used on the Continent. 



ir ■ r P tot* 



National Floricultubal, Aug. [f*' ^ 



ner in the chair. 



to a variegated scarlet Pelargonium, 



Se^» 





>H1 , > , 1C Ims \ m ™ employed to a very great Potatoes wintered on Cuthill's plan are free from disease the Royal Nursery, fclougn ; * * 'Twic-*2 

 extent so much so, that it is intended to have all the while those not so treated, and P gro wing in his TmmSte Purple Perfection, from Mr. ^f ^ Mr . B^J 

 walks dressed over wi ft it. Those -that were done in neighbourhood, were stated to be moreorLTSSd and a nice exhibition of Marygold Jj°* e ^* 



the spring are quite clear from weeds and moss, hut 

 those which were not salted have been picked over three 



It is applied 



times. A yard at this place was covered over with 

 Moss, but a dressing of salt has cured it. 

 here at the rate of 1 bushel to the rood (8 square 

 yards) ; and ifc is my opinion, that if it is applied in dry 

 weather, it will be found a sure remedy against those 



two troublesome things, weeds and moss. Chester. 





neighbourhood, were stated to be more or less affected 

 by the prevailing epidemic. It was mentioned, that 

 although this plan of wintering might possibly not 

 ensure sound Potatoes under all circumstances, yet, 

 that the produce of seed so treated would be more likely 

 to escape disease than that from mismanaged i s— Mr. 

 Rivers, of Sawbridgeworth, sent Cherries, Plums, Tears, 

 and Peaches, in the shape of small trees in pots, bearing 

 (except the two latter), ripe fruit. Although many 



Light, from Messrs. ^-ee, -in *-, ani] wfcy. - 

 plants of it were shown, all dwarf and bu JJ^ 

 foliage is beautifully variegated, the ot^^ 

 the flowers bright scarlet. Mr Cosg ^Vj 

 Christabel, received a certificate, w • ^ « 

 promising heavy purple variety, namea ^ 

 Wilton Air. Awards ^\^%£^^ 



k;;u7tiie"tall purple ^^^^M^j 

 pretty Gloxinia tricolor. Hollyhocks i m ^ ^ 

 tions, Picotees, and Dahlias ca me Ir on hock , £ 

 the Roval Nursery, Slough ;_ f r ^ V w i c keB» 



Picotees, and Dahlias. 



These constituted the principal suoj« 

 this occasion. 



■ 



i 



new.SocJery.tookP* ff 



2 Mr. J ' , pf- 



NATTOXAL CARNATfOW AND 



The fhrt« Mtfn; of this new- a 



of tht» Royal artery, Slougti. ' n ,, 



and the b! mis were larg« **« w - ; 



Ho11,vm >; 3, Mr. *«**"•? ,. •; *t. ***** 

 A. Matthew, West*o.on-the-gn*" , > 



