THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 



521 



l'EKUVIAJI GUANO. 



/i\UTION TO AGRICULTURIST& 



*I« *•*»* notorioat that eiteosiT© adulteration* of this 

 u i \ I* KE ai« ttill carried on, 



ONLY I Ml RTEKS OF PERUVIAN GUANO, 



it 10 be their dutj to the Peruvian Government and 

 i ublic M** a to recommend Farmers and all Others who 

 km to bt cirefilly on their *uard. 



The character ot the parti- s from whom they purchase will 

 -flitftcbfl the best security, ar.ii in addition to particular 

 iSion to that point, ANTONY GIBBS awd SONS think it 

 IS to remind buyers that— 



f%i loic?st wholesale price at which sound Peruvian 

 Q%a*o has been sold by them during the last two years 

 tU.Bs.per ton, less 2J per cent. 



^3- resales made by dealers at a lower pHet must therefore 

 dthet leave a lo*» to them, or the article must be adulterated. 



THSiTlONDON MANURE COMPANY beg to 

 offer, as under, CORN MANURE, most valuable for 

 iprinX dressine— Co' centrated Urate, Superphosphate of Lime, 

 jhtrste of Soda. Sulphate of \mmonia, Fishery and Agricul- 

 tural Salt*, Oypsum, Fossil Bone*, Sulphuric A 1, ami every 

 Other Artificial Manure ; also a constant supply of English 

 and Foreign Lin *ee i-cake. Peruvian Guano, guaranteed the 

 MDOine importation of Messrs. A. Gibbs and Sons, 91. lOj. per 

 ■~~'tr W. $*. in quantities of 5 tons and upwards. 



Edwaid FomsiE, Secretary. 

 |#, Bridjo-street, Blackfriar*, London. 



ANUHI 3. — The following Manures are manu- 

 factured at Mr. Lawes's Factory, Deptford Creek 



Clorer Manure, per ton £11 



Turnip M inure, do 7 



Superphosphate of Lime 7 



8ulphunc Acid «ind Coprolites 5 



Office, 69, King William-street, City, London. 



N.B. Peruvian Guano, guaranteed to eont tin 16 per cent, rf 

 Ammonia, 9L 10s. per ton ; and I tons or more, l .*l. 5s. per 



m dock. Sulphate of Ammonia, <fcc. 



M 





 











HOSE FOR LIQUID MANURE, Fire-engines, 

 and agricultural purposes, made of canvass, lined and 

 coated with gutta percha ; it is about one- third the price of 

 leather or india-rubber, will convey liquids of all kinds under 

 a heavy pressure ; it is extensively used at the Government 

 public works, also by the navy, and amongst agriculturists, 

 firing universal satisfaction. Testimonials and prices may be 

 obtained of Messrs. Burgess and K<-v, 103, Newgate-street, sole 

 manufacturers. — London Agents: Messrs. Deane, Dray, an 

 Deane, Swan-lane; Messrs. Tilley, Blackfriars-road.— Country 

 Agent* : Messrs. Kan some and Parsons, Ipswich ; Messrs. J. 

 and S. Johnson, rpool ; Messrs. Dickson, Hull; Mr. S. 

 Wilso n, A irent for Scot land. . 



ANTHONY'S PATENT AMERICAN CHUB: 

 has obtained a Prize at every Agricultural meeting at 

 which it has been exhibited ; and the Proprietors have sold 

 upwards ol 2 -00 in oae year, and received from all parts of 

 England the highest testimonials in its favour, both as to the 

 short i itne required, the quantity and quality of the Butter 

 made, a copy ot which testimonials, with prices, will be for- 

 warded on application to Burgess and Key, 103, Newgate- 

 itreet, Sole Agents to the Proprietor. 



Cite agricultural (Bajette* 



SATURDAY, AUGUST 16, 1851. 



T 

 T 



KfcTINGS FOR THE TWO FOLLOWING WEEKS, 

 i ridat, Auf. 21 -Agricultural Imp. Soc. of Ireland. 



V*SDAi, — 33 — Afcrii-ultural Imp. Soc. of Ire. and. 



We fear that the 1st of August will prove to have 

 »een too early a date for reports on the nature of 

 the Potato < hop. Since the publication of last 

 week's tabular statement on the state of the crops, 

 we have received letters from many parts of the 

 country, stating that the disease had been suddenly 

 developed. In many parts of the vale of Gloucester 

 we know that it has unmistakeably appeared. In 

 Wexford and Cork, and other counties of Ireland, 

 we are informed of its having suddenly made its 

 appearance, and in some parts of the south-west 

 of Scotland it appears to have shown itself. We 

 shall publish any further evidence on this subject 

 that may reach us from time to time. 



We request the attention of our readers to a few 

 more calculations respecting the cultivation of the 

 Sugar Beet and its manufacture. In a former article 

 we expressed great doubts whether it would be a pro- 

 fitable speculation, without the aid of a protecting 

 duty in its very worst form. We took for our guide 

 the returns collected by l>i mas for the French 

 Government, and quoted by Sir R. Kank in his 

 "Industrial Resources of Ireland." Those state- 

 ments were, it will be remembered, to the effect 

 that 26s. 8d. would be the prime cost of the sugar, 

 allowing 16s. &/. the ton for the Beet, and 12s. the 

 ton as the cost of coals. Twelve tons per acre 

 having been found by experience to be more pro- 

 ductive of sugar than heavier crops, it followed that 

 the value of the crop to the farmer would not exceed 

 10/. the acre, delivered at the sugar works. This is 

 a more favourable statement than some we have 

 since met with, respecting the acreable produce in 

 countries in which the manufacture of sugar from 

 Beet is carried on most extensively. In the Indus- 

 trial Exhibition, among the produce of the Grand 

 Duchy of Saxony, Prussian Saxony, Brunswick, 

 Anhault, and Thuringia, Beet-root sugar is exhibited, 

 With a notice that an acre will yield 6 tons of Beet, 

 producing 5 J cwt. of sugar. Neither of these state- 

 ments is very encouraging to the would-be grower 

 of British sugar ; and, at the recent meeting of the 

 British Association for the Advancement of Science, 

 a paper was read in the statistical section, by Prof. 

 Hancock, "On the Prospects of the Beet-sugar 



Manufacture in the United Kingdom/* which v^as 

 equally discouraging to the intending manufacturer. 

 He commenced by stating that, som. little lime ago, 

 the manufacture had been attempted at Maldon by 

 a private company, but that the attempt speedily 

 failed. More recently a manufactory had been esta- 

 blished at Chelmsford, and contracts entered into 

 with the farmers for a supply of Beet. What were 

 the prospects of success to this undertaking and the 

 Sugar- Beet Company of Ireland ? The answer to 

 these questions depended on the answers to three 



What will be the probable 



2, What will 





other 



1 



questions : 

 price of Beet for a series of years 1 

 the price of Beet sugar be after 1854, when the dif- 

 ferential duty on foreign sugar, which will diminish 

 each year, will cease entirely 1 and 3, With those 

 prices of the raw materials and the manufactured 

 article, will the manufacture be profitable ? With 

 respect to the price of Beet, it appears that it varies 

 from 13f. lid. the ton, in the north-east of France, 

 to 18$. bd. the ton, in the north-west ; the average 

 for the whole of France being 16$. Ho 7 . In Ireland 

 the Sugar Beet Company were stated to have con- 

 tracted with the growers at 15*. 6rf. the ton. The 

 contracts in Essex were at 18*. to 20s. the ton. The 

 present prices of the raw material were, therefore, 

 higher for Ireland than the average of France, 

 and higher for England than the average of the 

 highest districts of France. The future price of 

 sugar Professor Hancock considers a somewhat 

 difficult question, which we have nttt at pre-- nt 

 sufficient data for estimating. He thinks that it 

 will not exceed 28*. the cwt., and anticipates even 

 lower prices from the diminished cost of production 

 of refined sugar consequent on the increased con- 

 sumption caused by a fall in its market value on the 

 equalisation of the duties, from the removal of the 

 absurd restrictions now imposed upon sugar refiners, 

 and lastly from the competition between cane sugai 

 and Beet-root sugar, should the latter be manufac- 

 tured to any extent. With respect to the third 

 question, whether it would be profitable to make 



ugar at the Irish price of 15*. 6d. the ton for Beet, 

 and the Essex price of 19*., the selling price of 



agar being 28*. the cwt., the calculations most 

 relied on are stated to be those of Mr. Sullivan, 

 chemist to the Museum of Irish Industry in Dublin, 

 and of M. Paul Hamoiii, of the firm of Skuhi.t, 

 Hamoir, 1>uoe8NE and Co., the largest manufac- 

 turers of Beet-sugar at Valenciennes, dated April 18, 

 1850. These estimates are given as follows : 



Mr. Sullivan's Estimate for Ireland. 

 60,000 tons of Beet at I Us. per ton . 

 Cost of manufacture, 9s. per ton of Beet . . 



Total outlay . 

 Produce, .5 per cent, of sugar, at 28s. the cwt. 



Estimated profit . . . . 

 The same Bstii >i< applied to Essex. 

 00,000 tons of Beet at 19s. the ton . 

 Cost of manufacture, at 9s. the ton of Beet . . 



Total outlay . 

 Produce, 5 per cent of sugar, at 23s. the cwt. . 



Essex prices. The I h . timat "tl efofSu it 

 is c nded, does , as h I been alleged, corrobo- 

 rate Mr. Sulliva * estimate, but shou on the 

 : rarv, how fallacious it is to reason from the 

 s ess of the manufacture in France, to its -access 

 in the United Kingdom, without taking into con- 

 sideration the different prio i of the raw produce 

 and manufactured article in the two countries — the 

 difference in the economic conditions of the two 

 countries being alone sufjicient to make that which 

 v i profitable in France unprofitable here. The 

 manufacture of Beet-sugar commenced in France 

 v d the Continental system of Napoleon, and the 

 retaliation of England, had almost excluded cane 

 sugar from every country under hit lominion. From 

 that time to the present Beet-sugar has always h, 

 the protection of an artificial pi ice ; in every country 

 in the world, where it has been successfully pro- 

 duced, it has been under the stimulus of such arti- 

 ficial prices ; audit is clear from t\ery calculation 

 yet submitted to the public, that the manufacture 

 cannot be profitably carried on in the British Isles. 

 To these conclusions we are com] lied to give a 

 somewl reluctant ass< nt We v i - 1 1 . for reasons 

 formerly stated, it were not so; but the laws of 

 \ ure, which have assigned cc ain products to 

 certain climates are immutable, and if 



< j u i d 



< t »'i jue ferat rejjlo et quid quaqu «• r c usat 



was a study of importance to the tillers of the soil 

 of sunny Italy, on whom the doctrine was incul- 

 cated by the author of the Georgics, it is not to be 

 neglected with impunity by the British farmer of 

 he present day. 



£i:>,00(> 



27,000 



72,000 

 93,000 



21,000 



£57,000 

 27,000 



84,000 

 93,000 





Estimated profit only . . . 

 M. Paul Hamoir's Estimate for France. 



,000 



07 tons of Beet at 12.5. lid. the ton . 

 Cost of manufacture, nearly 1 'ds. the ton of Beet 



Total outlay . . • 



Produce, 4| per cent, of sugar, at s. the cwt. 



Estimated profit for France 



The same Estimate applied to Ireland. 

 61,607 tons of Beet at 15* 6V/. the ton . 

 Cost of manufacture, nearly 1 3s. the ton of Beet 



Total outlay . • . 

 Produce, A\ per cent, of sugar, at 28s. the cwt. 



Estimated loss for Ireland . 

 The same Estimate applied to Essex. 

 61, $07 tons of Beet at 19s. the ton . 

 Cost of manufacture, nearly 1 3s. the ton of Beet 



Total outlay . , . 

 Produce, 41 per cent, of sugar, at 28s. the cwt. 



£38,40u 

 9,900 



3 



78,30o 

 1 1 4,O0u 



35,300 



£46,080 

 39,900 



85,980 

 81,430 



4,550 



£58,527 

 39,900 



98,427 

 81,430 



£16,997 

 figures, 



Estimated loss . 



There are several errors in the above 

 which must be obvious to those who will take the 

 trouble of working them ; but as the correction of 

 them would strengthen the Professor's argument, 

 we give them as we find them reported, leaving it 

 to the reader to correct them for himself ; and we 

 proceed to the conclusions deduced from them by 

 the author of the paper, which are these ; that by 

 introducing into the estimates the Irish and English 

 prices of Beet-root and of refined sugar, the result is 

 so varied, as to turn a profit of 3">,000/. at the French 

 prices, on a capital of 78,000/., into a loss of 4000/., 

 at the Irish prices, and a loss of 16,000/. at the 



ROYAL AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. 



EXAMINATION l'A I'tt OF .11 M 1, 1851. 



[Tub following answers are given to the above, at the 



request of several readers of the At cult Gazettt, in 



page 4&8J. 



>. 1. — Ans. The acts of husbandry in field No. 7 have 

 insisted of ploughing and cleaning fallow after Wheat 

 for green crops. A few acres were drill* <1 with Carrots, 

 in rows L 8 inches apart The seed was intimately mixed 

 with 1 }, cwt. of guano, and six bushels oi tnrf ashes : the 

 mixture was drilled in the same maimer as corn. The 

 remainder of No. 7 was sown with Swedish Turnips upon 

 ridges. Ons plough formed the ridges for the dung. 



Four men filled dung, one laid it down, four spread it. 



Another plough immediately ploughed it in. By this 



means upwards of four acres w< re sown per day, with a 

 strength of eight horsss, ten men, and two boys, who 

 drove dung carts. The operations in No. 9 have been, 

 preparing the land, and sowing Oats, at the rate of four 

 bushels per acre on one part, and on the other sowing 

 1 lax at the rate of two bushels per acre. The Oats and 

 Flax have both done exceedingly well. The opera- 

 tions in Nos. 6 and 10, now one field, have been 

 ploughing after Turnips, and otherwise preparing 

 the laud, and drilling Barley, and sowing grass seeds. 

 No. 11, Wheat, was well hand-hoed for the two-fold 

 purpose of destroying weeds and stirring the soil, to 

 promote the growth of the crop. The hoeing appears to 

 have done much good. No. 22 was ploughed up after 

 j Turnips, scarified, rolled, harrowed, and drilled with 

 Barley. Sainfoin was sown in this field as the Barley 

 was coming up. Both Barley and Sainfoin have grown 

 well. 



Q. 2. — Ans. The treatment of the sheep has been 

 thus, — the ewes, after lambing, lived on Turnips and 

 hay. During lamhing, shelter was provided for the 

 Mock. So soon as the lambs > re strong enough to 

 follow their mothers, they were drafted off in lots, and 

 allowed to run through skeleton hurdles, to nibble the 

 young shoots of the Turnips. All the breeding ewes 

 4 and lambs were allowed some bruised Oats for a time, 

 until the Grass was ready to receive them. Those in- 

 tended for fattening were then fed upon young Clover. 

 The ewes received about a pound of Oats per day each ; 

 the lambs nearly as much as they could consume. The 

 lambs have been selling since at prices ranging from 245. 

 to 21* each. The ewes are also in good condition. The 

 ewes and lambs intended for stores were turned upon 

 old seed-, without any allowance of artificial food. They 

 have not done nearly so well as the others. Many of 

 the ewes were very old, and brought forth sickly lambs, 

 which no after treatment seems to have recovered. The 

 mortality among the flock was about 3 per cent. The 

 breeding cows were kept upon roots, hay and straw 

 chaff, until they were turned out to Grass. The calves, 

 as dropped, were allowed to suck their dams for a fort- 

 night alter being calved. They were then fed upon skim 

 milk and lir. ed jelly, given warm, with Carrots and 

 hay chaff ad lib 



Q. 3. — A St. The mare goes with young from 44 to 50 

 weeks ; the cow 40 to 42 weeks ; the sow, from 15 to 17 

 weeks; the ewe, from 20 to 24 weeks. 



Q. 4. — Ans. Beans are usually sown on stiff clays, 

 loams, and alluvial soils. They are sown according as 

 the weather, &c, permits: if of the winter kind, from 

 the beginning of October to the end of November ; if 

 spring Beans, from the middle of January to the middle 

 of March. The most common kinds are the winter, or 

 Russian *^° \u-r n » A .. w ■ *wA French ticks. The 



-the Mazagan, horse, and French ticks, 

 usual methods of sowing them are by hand dibbling, ana 

 drilling depositing the seed in either case at from two 

 to four inches deep The distance between the rows 



