33 — 1851.1 



THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 



:> -j :> 



perhaps, least up to the mark. The district of 

 Bridlington is one where the heavy descriptions of horses 

 in not'tred. The several classes of young horses for 

 k— jtiu ,T *n^ coaching were well filled, and the winners 

 not the only first-class animals to l>e found. We 

 mftv particularly mention the three-year-old hunting 

 t M\j\v' ; also the three-year-old coaching ditto, and 

 * "three -year-old hunting filly — the winners in their 

 refpeetive classes, as first-rate animals. The classes of 



horses were well filled. The prize for hunting 

 Lfrllinns was awarded to Mr. Holmes' Mr. Martin, 

 the 2nd prize to Mr. Slacker's Theon. Mr. 

 Martin is a fine powerful thoroughbred ; his neck is not, 

 however, exactly the thing for a hunter. Theon is 

 the model of a horse — perfection, so far as symmetry 

 concerned -thoroughbred, and full of action — but wants 

 ^ and power. The class was generally good. The 

 prize for agricultural stallions was given to two clever 

 three- vear-olds, against a host of aged horses. The 

 best hunting gelding, upwards of four years old, 

 belonging to Mr. Owston, is a noble animal, upwards of 

 16| hands high, with all the quality of an Arabian ; 

 Ub shoulder is, however, a little rough ; he will scarcely 

 go the pace we like to travel when we go "across 

 country ; " he is one of that sort capable of carrying 

 14 stone creditably, and, what is more, looking quite at 

 home, with rather more than 6 ft. of scarlet and buck- 

 skin : for, after all, whether a little horse can or cannot 

 do as much work as a great one, the latter will always 

 command the preference with heavy weights, from the 

 fact that horse and rider, in such cases, " look of a 



having all the quality that he has long been famed for, . sun in the heavens. 



progress 



a latter in his onward course is just as possible, and much 



le 



house 



with length of wool, good back, and plenty of size 

 point in which he has improved of late years. 



For best Ram oj an,, Age- Both prizes we're awarded former, winning themVuhhTthe narroVdtadel of the 



to Mr. Borton. The first prize is a very fine animal, parent stock for protection. The colonial hive Z X 



rather ess than Mr Borton usually exhibits. Wool viousiy your safest theory, for here there is plenty of 



beautiful. How Mr. B. manages to bring his sheep out honey for your surplus." l V 



m the way he does, is one of the mysteries of the age ; He then notices the effects which an increase ' 





. . ., ^ . „- _ , v - - — — i •«"•» uu»> >u necessary tliese may uu jor notn land- 



hi -X M™ ° f »° ,Um M a ' ° r - ThiD ! ° Wn iDC0,U - brds a »' 1 •""■! >' et » '""g » the present com JetiSi 

 parable oil Macassar '' would renmrft nn hptf^r t^tl^r, ^„ ™*„* i -* - -» V* »»« JlL_ ** 1 .! l,oa 



after every good one which appears in the market, a 



- c ... Al - - . _ satisfactory settlement of difficulties in this quarterns 



>s of quality throughout the sheep, it is im- hopeless. No doubt your manufacturing and commercial 



excel, lhe 2d prize sheep is not so much ' interest have triumphed over difficulties almost in- 



for evenness 

 possible to 



to our taste as the 1st , » fc . M , *,«,,u 6 »** ^m cjc uic sunnouniauie, ny means 

 qualities of the 1st sheep, we do not see another! 

 that is so well entitled to the position. Mr. Abra- 



piece, ' as the song says. 



Tin: Short-Horns, though not numerous, were of 

 first-rate character. Mr. Wetherell's Windsor prize 

 bull again deservedly added to his laurels. Mr. Town- 

 ley's young bull, Garrick, is a very fine animal, and was 

 worthy of his success in the yearling class ; his sym- 

 metry is excellent, his hair is scarcely up to the mark. 

 Mr. Wilson's 2d prize yearling bull has some extra- 

 ordinary making about him ; he is, however, a little 

 too Scot like, or dumpy, to suit us. Mr. Townley's 

 cow, Alice, has the p honour of beating Mr. Booth's 

 Cherry Blossom. It would be invidious to criticise two 

 such animals — such are always worth a prize. Mr. 

 Kirkham's three-year-old cow does credit to the stock 

 from which the Windsor prize yearling bull came. The 

 two prize two-year-old heifers of Mr. Townley, and the 

 prize yearling heifer (Miss Frances) of Mr. Ambler, 

 were the gems of the show-yard. If Miss Frances had 

 better hair she would be almost perfect. She does 

 honour to her sire, Laudable, himself a Yorkshire 

 prize winner at Leeds, and the parent of other prize 

 animals at Windsor. 



The Show of Sheep was superior to any we have 

 ever seen. In point of numbers it was greater than the 

 Society has exhibited on any other occasion, and in 

 quality Mirpassed the meeting of the Royal Agricultural 

 So< at Windsor. Of course we except Southdowns 

 and Cots wolds, and refer merely to the show of 

 Leicesters at Windsor. At Bridlington there were 

 none of the very bad sheep that mingled in the lot at 

 Windsor. As it is well known that the Yorkshire 

 improved Leicester is much larger than the Leicester of 

 the midland counties, has a fine face though not coarse 

 fleece, stands upon a longer leg, has greater length of 

 body, and a more gallant carriage, the fact that the 

 whole of the rams, with five exceptions, in the class of 

 shearlings, and four in the rams of any age, were 

 Yorkshire sheep, will explain the reason of the classes 

 appearing of a more even quality than they did at 

 » indsor. It is a noticeable fact, too, that the York- 

 shire Wold siu ep-breeders do not shrink from high 

 feeding, but bring out their show sheep in a con- 

 dition that fully develops their points, however 

 it ma/ influence their qualifications. The prize 

 shearling ram, belonging to Mr. Taylor, Barton- 

 on-Humber, is a strong useful sheep ; girth, 

 4ft. 8 in, and has a capital back. His wool is of coarse 

 Staple, and has not been fairly shorn. If anything, he 

 is ligjht before his shoulder. No. 103, belonging to Mr. 

 Abraham, obtained a 2d prize. He is not so good a sheep 

 m many others to our mind. He has, however, more 

 of the quality of the Leicester than Mr. Taylor's sheep, 

 and it is difficult to imagine how two animals of so 

 totally different styles could be placed next to each 

 other tn merit. A preference for one sheep completely 

 disqualifies the other from favour. This sheep has 

 ku\l loins, and light hind-quarters. Mr. Robinson, of 

 waaby, showed some useful shearlings. No. 117 has 

 •wonderful fore-quarter ; girth 4 ft. 9 in., but is common 

 oenind- rumps down and coarse thighs. There is a 

 want of style in Mr. Its sheep, but they are rare 

 mutton makers. Mr. Lonley's sheep— 108 and 109— 

 **> good ; necks a little light. Mr. Ilorsiey has a very 



neat sheep, No. 116, quite to our taste in quality. 

 »r. \\ ms i ey hag two ]arge sheep . girth 4 f t ]Q . n 



Ifol io<> C ° arse iu the bone ' Mr ' Borton - ,s shear- 

 . cj 128, is all we could wish in wool and 



lonV^Jf too small, hind legs too straight, and ratner 



Mr. Carter, Richmond, has some strong 



ham's rams in this class were very good. The 

 old Norwich and Exeter prize sheep has some first- 

 rate making, but his head is thrust too much into his 

 shoulder; for although a thick neck is a good point, we 

 are no advocates for a stiff one, and think that a sheep, 

 like anything else, should be able to hold his head up in 

 the world. The staple of wool is also extremely coarse. 

 If wool buyers do not make any allowance for quality, 

 then, unquestionably, as hair is heavier than wool, let 

 our rams be as coarse in the quality as possible, and 

 they will give us extra weight in the tiV< ces of our 

 stock. Mr. Simpson Spofforth had a sheep in this 

 class. This sheep took the shearling prize of the York- 

 shire Society last year. He is perhaps the finest topped 

 animal in the yard, great length, good back, ramps, 

 flanks, &c., capital, but is bare underneath, and stands 

 with his hind leg* together. Mr. Carter has two 

 strong useful sheep in this class; they approximate 

 more to the New Oxfords than the Leicesters. 

 Mr. Simpson, Hunmanby, has two good sheep in 

 this class. The same remarks apply to these sheep 

 as to the shearlings of the same exhibitor. Mr. 

 Dawson has two useful sheep— necks deficient. Mr. 

 Wiley has several fine animals; No. 168 we note as 

 splendid hind-quarter and rumps, and altogether a first- 

 class animal. 



Ewes we must record as a fine class. Mr. Dawson, 

 though unsuccessful in rains, with ewes seldom meets a 

 rival. In this instance he exhibits a pen of the best 

 animals we ever saw—length, girth, flanks, backs, rumps, 

 and wool alike excellent. Mr. Simpson's (Kirkby 

 Grindalyth) are much smaller animals, but beautiful 

 in shape and quality ; perhaps slightly deficient in the 

 necks, and light of bone. Symmetry quite equal to Mr. 

 Dawson's, but far behind in size and development of 

 what are termed points. The shearling wethers of Mr. 

 Walmsley, Rudston, well deserved a prize. They are 

 an instance of what the Yorkshire Leicester can 

 attain to at the age of 18 months. The shear- 

 ling gimmer prize was likewise secured by Mr. 

 Walmsley, beating Mr. Abraham's Windsor prize 

 ewes. The best shearling Southdown ram, belonging 

 to Lord Walsingham, Merton Hall, Thetford, Norfolk, 

 was a creditable animal, as also the second belonging to 

 the same owner. The prize sheep is of good size, girth 

 4 ft. 1 in., is evenly formed, capital thighs and twist, 

 and rather light of wool. 



The show of Pigs was not nearly so numerous as in 

 past years. Boar of large breed, boar of small breed, 

 sow of small breed 1st prize in all these classes awarded 

 to Mr. Taylor, Oatlands Mill, Leeds. Dutchman, large 

 breed, winner of the first prize at Windsor, is a very fine 

 animal, but a little too coarse even for the large breed. 



Some very clever animals in the extra stock depart- 

 ment were exhibited ; we may particularly mention Mr. 

 Wilson's heifer, Mr. Robinson's (Seckby Palace) heifer, 

 and Mr. Tuley's sow Sontag. 



assistance, which otherwise unaided the v would have 

 sunk under ; but they, while they have been doing so, 

 have also at the same time been extending the sphere 

 of their labours both at h me and abroad, which British 

 agriculture cannot do, because the field of her labours 

 is limited within a narrow circle, while her offspring is 

 daily increasing ; for between landlords, t ants, and 

 labourers, you have now annually added to the parent 

 stock a large surplus number, without a sin; totals OT 

 farm being added to provide for it Hitherto \<>u ha> 

 succeeded in Wedging into your manufacturing towns 



your surplus ; but this is no longer practicable, for 



jour manufacturing and commercial classes are now 

 entering the field, your k< nest Competitors for land, 

 for in every province estates are being bought up by 

 them, and not a few farms rented and farmed success- 

 fully ! » 



There is no small amount of Startling fact invol d 

 in the above train of argument. An increase of drain- 

 ing, and such like improvements, would certainly give 

 an increase of employment to the labouring classes ; 

 but that is not making provision for the surplus sons of 

 landlords and tenants, now numbering something about 

 6000 annually ; and, moreover, the number of labourers 

 on the poor's roll would do all our draining, while 

 steam ploughs, sowing, reaping, and threshing machines 

 have an Opposite tendency, as the author justly remarks. 



After combatting the "quack prescriptions" of our 



* political physicians," he arrives at the conclusion, 

 " that British agriculture is labouring under two dis- 

 tinct maladies. 



■ 1. You have fallen behind in the march of chemical 

 and mechanical improvement — so much so, that you are 

 unable to enter the market in competition with the 

 foreign farmer. Once you were able to do so — to 

 export corn, and other agricultural produce, and to 

 undersell him in his own market ; but now he has 

 turned the table upon you, and is underselling you ia 

 the British capital ! How do we account for such a 

 change of circumstances ? What kind of protection has 

 enabled him to obtain this advantage over you * 



rhieb you yourself 

 se of chemical and 



iUbielii 



style, 



'g lace. 



Qeatl tuP* &wu MWC *"d iuuhoii loose, ana nare unaer- 



femll • Dawson,s ™ ms > a re not equal to his 



«naie animals shown in another class, deficient in neck 



SI Ve,n " Mp " Sim P son > Field House, Hunmanby, 

 «o* 8 a very good lot, nave wool, nze, mutton, but want 



o i.i style ; rumps are anything but fashionable, 

 still G a . re 8 ,ad to observe our veteran friend, Mr. Wiley 

 ' m the field, and what is more, not deteriorating nay 



*Q T 8 ^! ding 8ti11 ' but P r °S ressi »g with the most 

 *m Inree very excellent sheep were in his pens, 



77ie Colonial Magazine. Edited by W. H. G. Kingston. 



J. Morthner, 141, Strand. 



While many are looking to draining and similar 

 improvements for relief- while others are looking to an 

 adjustment of the balance-sheet — and not a few to 

 protection— a writer in the "Colonial Magazine," just 

 published for August, proposes " a colony for our idle 

 surplus/' He traces no small amount of our present 

 depression to a surplus stock of young landlords and 

 tenants competing for land, to say nothing of eating oft' 

 old folks' heads. In short, an over attachment to the 

 mother country is the root of half our calamities. 



The article is addressed to farmers and parties in- 

 terested in colonial affairs, as " a brother's letters from 

 a colony." The arguments of the writer, and the mode 

 of treating his subject, are peculiar to himself, and 

 although sometimes rather speculative for farmers, are 

 yet upon the whole practical, and come home with 

 considerable force ; we shall therefore allow him to 

 speak for himself. He introduces his subject thus : — 



" My dear Brother, — Your several observations in 

 reply to my last resolve themselves into two important 

 topics — the emigration of your surplus numbers, and 

 their settlement in your colonies. The sons and 

 daughters of Adam, like busy bees, are subject to mul- 

 tiplication ; and a healthy hive will swarm in fine 

 weather, let politicians legislate as they may. Cloudy 



tract such a phe- 



weather, with showers of rain, may proti 



nomenon for a time— it is Nature's own _ , ___ 



clear sky, and the result is as certain as the noon-da 



doings ; but 



now stand in need of, viz., an 



mechanical industry ; for you are not now sufficiently 

 far ahead to enable you to bear up under your greater 

 load of public burdens. 



u 2. You have to support an idle surplus population,, 

 obviously the greatest public burden you have— a burden 

 not merely composed of idle paupers, but of all who do 

 not support themselves by their own industry. The 

 idle sons and daughters of landlords and tenants are 

 more expensive than paupers in a poor house," and so 

 forth. The writer here goes on to show at some length 

 that we pay more in poor-rates and family bills for our 

 surplus than would settle them comfortably in a colony. 

 u Such, therefore, being the malady of the parent stock, 

 and such the malady of its offspring, your surplus, the 

 cure for each is obvious." He concludes — 



" To cure the parent stock you must push a little 

 further ahead of your neighbours in chemical and 

 mechanical industry ; and, in effecting this, you will have 

 greater difficulties to encounter than at any former 

 period of your history ; for the spirit of the present age 

 is obviously averse to any one being ahead of another." 

 Reference \p here made to the effects of railroads, steam- 

 navigation, and even the Great Exhibition itself, where 

 the nations of the world are fraternising for the purpose 

 of bringing " the agriculture of the world to a uniform 

 degree of perfection." In point of fact, the Americans 

 have beat us the other day at Tiptree-hall, while they 

 are now delivering Wheat at Liverpool, at about 25. per 

 quarter of freight, from New York ; a barrel of fiour or 

 salt-beef at from 6d. to 9d M'Cormick's Virginian 

 reaper, which beat Garrett and Son's reaping machine 

 at Mr. Mechi'8, with four horses and two men, will cut 

 about 20 acres per day of Wheat, 4 quarters to the acre 

 — 80 quarters per day. Hence, during a harvest month, 

 of 20 days, 1600 quarters. In 1849, 1500 machines, 

 and in 1850, 1800 were sold and put in operation in the 

 United States, so that harvest 1851 may see brought 

 into the field 6000 machines, capable of reaping 9,600,000 

 quarters of Wheat in 20 days. Only think of 10,000 

 steam -ploughs, 30,000 sowing, reaping, and threshing 

 machines in a prairie, with a railroad to New York. 

 I his is the protection which our American friends and 

 agricultural people are pursuing. « The invitation of all 

 nations to the Crystal Palace," as the writer says, 

 worthy of the British character, but obviously calls upon 

 our landlords and tenants not to slumber at their posts." 

 " On the other hand, the industrial resources of your 

 colonial empire is the obvious remedy for your surplus." 

 Steam-ploughs, &c, iu a prairie, for instance. 



(( 



is 



