M 



1851 



THE A R I) E N K R ■ ' ( ! I R « > \ I C L B 



>3, 





I MM 





jd, the two last for flowers in :u. Amongst 



bo rece ed i *ney prizes for the bast collections 



was a middle-aged shoe- ma) - from Droit- 



Iji named Peter Noake. He exhibited a pret little 



election of Cockaeombs, Lobelias, Primulas, »\.e., and 



•jMilr poshed his favourites before him all the way 



I)roitwich to He well on a truck. We are glad to 



that his perseverance is rewarded and his am 



gratified by success. Mr. Smith, gr. to J. H. 



Esq., exhibited seme excellent specimens of 



from the gardens at 1 ladsor. At 4 o'clock the 



r part of the company assembled round the roa- 



erected in front of the committee's tent, and the 

 of distribution was proceeded with. The prizes 



jiven away by the Hon. President, agisted by Ospt. 

 They were in the shape of money, varying 



St. to 5*. and for the very best kept garden 10* 

 ft* different exhibitions consisted of — Broad Bean* 

 Dwarf Kidney Beans, Bert. Cabbage, Carrots, Medicinal 

 Herbs, Leeks, Lettuce, Onions, Parsnips, Peas, 

 Potatoes, Rhubarb, Scarh Runners, Spinach, Turnips, 

 Vtgttabie Marrows, Baking Apples, Cucumbers, Currants, 

 G o oseberries, Dessert Pears, Dahlias, Flowers in noqegay, 

 floras in design, Fuchsias, Geranium- ; Collection of 



in pots, Roses, Wild Flowers, ditto in design ; 

 Collection of Flowers, and Collection of Fruit and \ ro- 

 tables. When the distribution was concluded, the company 

 spin dispersed over the grounds. Some of the younger 

 eoapfes betook themselves to dancing in the neighbour- 

 L — ■ of the band, and this amusement was kept up till 



, when the National Anthem was played and the 

 began to retire. We cannot conclude our 



nt without pointing out this as an instance of the 

 power which wealth and a benevolent sympathy with 

 mankind have in advancing human happiness. I lei 

 It the kindly disposition of one family, a w hole neigh 

 bonrhood is stirred up to useful exertion, the condition 

 of the working classes improved, their homes are ren- 

 dired happier, periodical occasions given when rich and 

 peer can meet together upon equal terms, for enjoymen 

 in one of the sweetest rural r its that the length and 

 breadth of England can show. We have no doubt that 

 the happiest of all the people assembled at Hewell, on 

 Friday, were Colonel and Lady H. Give ; the purest 

 pleasure which the heart can experience being that 

 demned from the consciousness that we have contributed 

 largely to the welfare and happiness of others. It is 

 pleasing to state, that the kindness which caused the 

 grounds to be thrown open was properly felt by the 

 public, for not a flower was taken, or plant wilfully de- 

 stroyed. Abridged from* the Worcester Hi said, Aug. I6L 



Ticxhall Gardens.— An interesting show wag held here 



on Wednesday evening last. Mi*cellan< is collections of 



Store and Greenhouse Plants were contributed by Messrs. 



RolliMon, Fraser, ITamp, Stanly, Pamplin, Over, and Hook. 



Cape Heaths by Messrs. Fairbairn, Roll&sson, and Over. 



Hollyhocks by Messrs. Black, Brag?, Turner, and Parsons. 



Fachiiasby Messrs. I rayhow. Hill, Vicbery, Marshall, Hook, 



and Holmes. Dahlias by Messrs. Turner, Bragg, Keynes, 



Hunt, Robinson, Allen, Weeden, Cook, Klaok, and Btn- 



nit ?" * erbMI *« by Messrs. Smith, Lm-hner, Young, 



sod Robinson ; and Cut Roses by Mr. Francis, &c. 



DiWus were very good for the ?eason, and numerous, 21 



stands being contributed by amateurs, and eight by nursery - 



»«. Amongst the varieties exhibited that were sent out last 



spring, we noticed the following in good condition : — Nil Despe- 



randum, scarlet, very full and large ; Roundhead, salmon ; 



Summit of Perfection, purple ; Sir C. Napier, vivid scarlet ; 



Admiral, lilac; Nepaulese Prince, maroon; Mr. Herbert, 



orange; Gem of the Grove, purple; Model, bronze; Leda, 



orange ; Queen of Dahlias, pale lilac ; Mrs. Hansard, yellow, 



tifped with white; Elegantissima, white and bluish pmide ; 



and Pretty Polly, red and white. The following old but 



favourite sorts were shown in good order :— Duke of Welling. 



Jon, Mr. and Mrs. Seldon, Fearless, Essex Triumph, Richard 



tooden, Scarlet Gem, Privateer, Princess Radziville, Shylock, 



HIick Prince, Nonpareil, and Qieen of Lilacs. Among the Holly. 



Jocks were good blooms of Charles Baron, Comet, tfosy 



Jjaeen, Magnum Bonum, Aurantia, Enchantress, Charles 



Tamer (seedling). Susanna, Sir D. Wedderburn, Model of 



Perfection, Lord Wflloughby d'Eresby, Venose rubra, N -bilfe- 



uma, Prince Albert, Delicate, Standard of Perfection, Ro-ea 



alba, Rosea grandiflora, Elegans, Eclipse, Sulphurea per- 



ta, Premier, Beauty of Ilavcrhill, Bella Donna, Lady Clark, 



Bessy Bell, Gen. Bern, Queen of Whites, Andrucana, Queen, 



Obscura, Napoleon, Caroline, Pitho, Subram, Waldren Gem, 



Mount Etna, Mulberry Superb, Formosa, Kico!or, President, 



Queen of Lilacs, Snowrtake, Princess Alice, Watford Surprise, 



and Conspicua. Mr. Parsons had some promising seed- 



Itnr«, which we hope to see again. Fuchsias confuted of— 



Oar* VarUtkt : — Eppsii, Exoniensis, Serratifolia, Orion, Prince 



Albert, Orestes, Inaccessible, Sir J. Falataff, Don Giovanni, 



Magnificent. Exquisite, Kossuth, Sir R. Peel, Corallina. Dr. 



hmith, Splendiiia, Clapton Hero, and Nonpareil. li.jfU 



A-tncV-- Fair Rosamond, Duchess de Bordeaux, 



of England, Queen Elizabeth, One in the Ring, 



Ur. Jepbson, Globosa alba grandiflora, Napoleon, 



aaa Gem of the West. Roses were generally 



WW somewhat out of character; but amung „.„„. 



SiJ e ?« ar ^ d J' a ' r bloom8 ° f La Reine, Saffrano', Cloth of 

 J V. 8 Libert, Charles Souchet, Mrs. Elliott, General 

 Aiiard, Acidalie, Bouquet de Flore, Paul Joseph, and other 

 th • £L kmdi - Verbenas were numerous ; but ra her past 

 intir oest. There were also some fruit and cut flowers. The 

 Jailer were much admired. 



i 



plates are in no degree ini to those ui i 



works of Humboldt an DrieMirt. 

 The purehaeero of thaee plants will find the olume 

 indispensable to them, now thai an agency for their sale 

 has been established both at Calcutta and Madras : the 



names 



N v York, the nd is greater tluka i n is 



et the means of supplying. Seedlings of many 



'riptions of for and ornamental trees, shrubs, new 



Rotes and other plants, are annually imported from 



Gres Britain, being raised there with greater facility 



tie 



mpl d by Dr. \N ^it will undoubtedly eerre- J and at a cheaper rate. The demand is mainly for 

 spond with tiiose of the Indian sale lists, and thus a hardv trees and slirubs, and there is only a small green- 



1 i» »•- 1 • Va 1 1 /• . i • * i 1 j. a * 



I 







Pearl 

 Diana, 

 Puri'y, 



small 

 them 



flotiresi of Booftsi, 



A lolume of Figwres and Descriptitm of Indian 

 CtoAufe. By Robert Wight, M.D., 4to ; being Part L, 

 Vol V., of his Figures of Indian Plants. 

 A he volume for which the above title, is invented, the 

 *ork itself having reached us without one, is among the 

 roost valuable additions that have yet been made to 

 Indian botany. Dr. Wight, in carrying out his plan of 

 wetrahagail the Indian genera of plants by means of 

 Wline figures, has here produced a work of which we 



? s *f ak in terms of hi S h Praise. His artist has 

 r^*®* 1 a sound knowledge of t tructure of the order, 

 «a has had his attention carefully drawn to the miwte 

 « ^dispensable characters by which alone the enera 



judgment of the horticultural value of the species can 

 be correctly formed. This is the more important, because 

 we learn from Dr. Wight's pages that numerous very 

 fine things are now made known to Europe for the first 

 time ; as for example Ccrfogyne nerve**, Dendrobium, 

 Jerdoaiemmm with the habit of D. villomluui but withot: 

 its hairs, and album with large pure white flov. and 

 the habit of formosum; Saccoi lauispecioium, a glorious 

 .Malabar plant with long iroopin raoemes of rose 

 coloured flowers ; Aerides Lindl tf tmm m, in the way of 

 crispum; PaUonia macrantha, a very fine plant from 

 Ialacca ; and /rt opera CuUen.i a large yellow- 

 flowered terrestrial speci 



It is impossible that a botan ven with the learn in 

 and experience of Dr. Wight, away from this c try, 

 whew alone OrehidaeeOQB plants can be studied criti- 

 cally, should avoid errors and oven lit- ; but they are 



not such as affect the value of the volume before us as 



a storehouse of capital figures. The formal examination 

 how* ver of such i work would involvo an amount of 



research for which our available tafcure is wholly 

 insufficient. We can then >re only r« mark for the 

 present that Dr. Wight's 0. upala seems to be very 

 near I'olbopkfOmm ciandestinum. his A fltis tnar- 



chanfioidfs is identical with Porpa J*€ti e t published 



in the Botanical Register in 1845; Lin ...ra s ee ms 

 hardly di net from r, notwithstanding its peculiar 

 habit ; J<>iepl i may be a good genus near Th<hui* p 

 Appcndicula ll<i&$tlt'ti is certainly some AgvostojAy!- 

 lum,' PaUonia seeias to be the same as Waiktia, \h 

 gland of the p>llen masses having been o\ erlook« ul, 



finally, ttheris lirijjUliii ^ is nothing but ( ' e 1 cmUu 9Gli 

 in which also the pollen gland was missed. 



To illustrate the whole of the In dias Orchids, u U 

 the aid of the artists employed by Dr. Wight on this 

 occasion, would be a great triumph for Indian botan v 

 and a task worthy the learned and indefatigable author. 



Garden Memoranda. 



FootscHay NtnisKRY. — This is the great resort of the 

 lovers of English and other hardy Ferns, as the 

 knowledge of Mr. Sim Inspecting these plants ensures 

 that the purchaser acquires the species he is in want of. 

 The plants seemed in good health, and the collection 

 very complete. The general appearance of this nursery 

 is much improved ; and, in addition to the rare and 

 out-of-the-way p ants cultivated by Mr. Sim, he has now 

 got a capital stock of ^Hollyhocks, Sweet-Williams, and 

 some other liorist flowers. There w« re also a white Cal- 

 ceolaria and a blue Myosotis (azorica?) of both of which 

 a good stock is in preparation for bedding out next year. 

 These plants will no doubt both he found very useful* for 

 this purpose. Those who are interested in the difficult 

 questions respecting the different species of English 

 Ferns, will reap much information from the papers of 

 Mr. Sim published in Beck's " Florist." Doil n. 



Horticulture in Toronto, Upper Canada. — No 

 city in North America equals Toronto in the quality 

 and abundance of such vegetables as are in general 

 demand. Market gardeners are numerous, the greater 

 number being proprietors of the land they cultivate. 

 In this neighbourhood land can always be bought on 

 easy terms of payment, in quantities of from 1 to 20 

 acres. The produce of the market gardens is sent to 

 market in a handsome tasty manner. With a large 

 and rapidly increasing population, the demand is quite 

 encouraging, and the prices remunerative. Labour is 

 more expensive than in England, but rents, taxes, manure, 

 and other things are quite moderate. In this business the 

 last few years haseflectcd a great improvement. 1 th i n the 

 quality of the articles and the way in which they are 

 prepared and sent into market. For this change for the 

 better, much credit is due to Mr. Joseph Passe, of 

 Yorkshire, who began business here a few years ago, 

 and whose system of having everything done in the 

 I st manner has been generally followed. There are 

 two seed establishments in the city, the proprietors of 

 which import the greater part of their seeds from 

 London. In connection with the seed business, Mr. 

 William Gordon is also a jobbing and contracting gar- 

 dener, having the care of numerous small gardens about 

 the city, and the formation and laying out of new places. 

 During the working season, he employs between 20 

 and 30 men, a few of them gardeners, but the greater part 

 labourers. The other seedsman, Mr. J. Fleming, has a 

 greenhouse, and disposes of quite a large number ofplants. 

 He has also a garden of moderate extent, in which he 

 cultivates large quantities of hardy Roses, shrubs, minor 

 I fruits, Dahlias, and other articles adapted to limited 

 space. His premises are in a fine locality, and his busi- 

 ness seems to be rapidly augmenting. The only nursery 

 here, and the most extensive in the province, is owned 

 by Mr. George Leslie. He practically understands an 



ho 

 bavin 



^n at 



on the place at present, a more exw naive range 

 recently been burned down. There exists a 



raw back on the profits of the business here, in 

 the s« rity of tl winters, large numbers of youn. 

 trees being killed with the froM ; and in summer i 

 requires constant labour to keep under and destroy the, 

 myriads of insects which infest nearly all descriptions 

 of trees. IL F. 



Miscellaneous. 



Aim Toad ih Flint M. Monin states to the Ij* 



stitute, that on the : i of last Ji»- three workmen 

 digging a well for M. Baston, of Bloie, discovered, 

 yards below the surfaoe, in the midst of a layer of 

 niats, one of these stones much larger than the res 

 Upon being broken :. toad was found squatting in the 



centre of tin flint The cavity was lined with chalk, 

 and exactly moulded to the fori of the toad, and it is 



thought " inhniudy improbable " that the witnesses of 

 this strain fact should ha\< been mistaken. Moreover, 

 the pr< uoe of a chalky elevation on v icli the head of 

 the toad waslyin ;oe to prove tiiat the cavity was the 



true habitation of the animal. < *pUi Rendu* > July 2 1. 



( hemicai Product* qj PtaL — A report on the che- 

 mical products of Irish peat has been presented b Sir 

 rt Kane, the director of the Museum of Irish 

 Industry. The inquiry was undertaken at the sugge - 

 tit, of Lord ( larendon, in consequence of the numerous 

 applications for inform alien by foreign auth > ties, and 

 1>\ individuals interests in the welfare of Ireland, con- 



jucnt upon tlte announe< ment of the method patented 

 by Mr. Itcee Reece, aim the establishment of tin Irish 

 Peat Company. The two principal points Xo be.arrivcd 

 at were the actual nature and quantities of the ] >ducte 

 that would be obtained, and the economic conditions o£ 

 the pro cross, so as to determine its importance as a com- 

 mercial speculation. With regard to the first, namely, 

 the products obtainable : the result of the experiments 

 was to establish the general correctaesa of Mr. Recce's 

 statements, the comparison of the materials gained by 

 thai entleman with those gained by Sir Kobert Kan< 

 being as follows : — 



From 100 parts 

 of Peat. 



Statement in Mr. 

 Recce'a prospectua. 



Sulphate of ammonia 



Acetate of lime 



Wood naphtha 



Taramne 



Fixed oils 



Volatile oilf 



1000 

 •700 

 •185 

 •104 



•714 > 

 •357/ 



AYerage remlta 



of MiiFeum 



Trials. 



1110 

 •305 

 •140 

 •125 





MB 



With regard to this comparison, Sir Robert Kane 

 remarks: " It is evident that the quantity of ammonia 

 olrtainedj is rather greater than that reported by Mr. 

 Reeet ; secondly, that the quantity of oils and parrifei©' 

 may be consid* i «)d the same ; thirdly, that the quantity 

 of wood naphtha expected by Mr. Reece is more than 

 we obtained in average, but not more than was obtained 

 in some Museum trials. That the quantity of acetate 

 of lime expected by Mr. Reece is more than double 

 that which was in average obtained in the .Museum, 

 unless the commercial acetate of lime, calculated by Mr. 

 Reece, shall contain such excess of lime, &c. f as shall 

 render its weight double that which the pure article 

 calculated in the result of the Museum trials, should 

 have. This latter circumstance may possibly explain, 

 tho difference. It may therefore be admitted that the 

 statements made as to the quantities of those bodies 

 btainable from peat have not been exaggerated, and, 

 indeed, ar- uch as should immediately be inferred to- 

 be obtainable from a body of its constitution, compared 

 with coal and wood." The amount of produce being 

 thus determined, the report touches upon the other 



3uestion ; namely, the cost of its production^ This is 

 escribed to be so difficult as to preclude the post- ility 

 of any absolute conclusions. The facts that the manu- 

 facture is of a novtd character, involving numerous and 

 complex collateral operations, and that it is to hei 

 established in localities and amongst populations 

 unaccustomed to manufacturing industry, are referred 

 to as calculated to have an important influence 

 in augmenting the expense. At the same time also, 

 some strong doubts are expressed as to the practica- 

 bility, on a large scale, of the mode upon which Mr. Reece 

 relies for an inexpensive supply of the heat necessary 

 for conducting his entire operations, which consists in 

 employing as fuel the gases produced in the blast fur- 

 naces, by the distillation of the peat, after all their con- 

 densable vapours shall have been secured. On the whole, 

 however, even the conclusions thus arrived at, and which 

 have evidently been framed with all the caution that 

 would be generated by a sense of the responsibility of 

 encouraging extravagant views, are not unfavourable to 



personally superintends all operations in the ground, the hope, that the process, on its introduction, may prove 

 The extent of nursery ground is 50 acres, two-thirds of sufficiently profitable, and that, eventually, as the diffi- 

 which are at present occupied with fruit and ornamental j culties attending it shall gradually be lessened by expe- 

 trees, and other nursery productions, and the other third rience, it may realise some of the sanguine expectations 



in course of preparation. Standard Apple-trees maybe 

 considered the staj article, alter which may be named 

 Cherries, Plums, Tears, and Peaches. Everything 



usually grown in nurseries is here cultivated, and returns stated by the proposers of the manufacture may 

 although h«*v5w» *i% Aj**«**hM*«k ...:*!, *i.« MumAwut. ' »,«* u« ^vi»i«:^^,i i*. ;~ ^ i__ii .^ i . -. Tjt 



originally indulged in, regarding its possible influence in 

 the regeneration of Ireland. Subjoined is the final 

 paragr; h of the report :— « Although the excessive 



nurseries 



having 



existii) 



to 



with the 



compete 

 in the neighbouring 



numerous 

 State of 



not be obtained, it is yet probable that, conducted with 

 economy and the attention of individual interests, the 



