

536 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



tions 



difficulty connected with so great complexity of opera- 



overcome, and the manufacture be lounU 

 in practice profitable. And, certainly, it must be re- 

 garded as of very great interest and public "gtogg 

 ° branch of scientific manufacture should be established, 



specially applicable to promote the i" du f ^ P 1 ' ^ 



K. T il_ i r .._. c :«~ „ A ^mmprcial value on a 



ly a repro! 



^d^b7affoV^nyempioyment of a *™ me ™*™ mi 

 ZZL.i*™ nW ft «ter to our labouriDg popuiati 



hJ \J %-* *■* ™ "^ ad i t * 



of Ireland, by conferring a comnier 



material W hich has hitherto been principally a reproach 



instructive character to our 



Mechanic's Magazine. m ,„ * j ,„i^,. 



A 2 natics.-«A Utricularia, whichyou w^finduute 

 No. 1 050 (U. uniflora, MS.), is surely the simplest m its 

 structure of all its family. Stems of the size of an 

 ordinary sewin'-neeule, fixed into the sand by a small 

 cone of Seles, without leaves, but wxth a minute 

 tubul ir 2-lipped bract a little below the flower, which » 

 white and Sparatively large, complete the description 

 of its outv^rd aspect. I have often been struck with 

 the wonderful contrast in size which is presented here 

 in both the animal and vegetable world. Under a 

 gigantic Castanheira, or a Caryocar, may occasionally be 

 seen an almost microscopic Cyperacea ; and the same 

 lake which produces this fairy Utricularia, bears on its 

 bosom the queen of the waters, Victoria regia ^™ 

 Utricularia (Coll. No. 1053, U. qmnqueradiata, MS.) 

 has a peculiarity of structure to me quite novel, though 

 vou may have met with it before. It is a small species, 

 with submerged stems and bladdery leaves, but the 



Senecio, Petunias, &c, when sufficiently struck and 

 cradually hardened, may be taken up and potted. I his 

 mode of striking is very much less troublesome than in 

 heated structures ; while, at this season, it is equally 

 certain. Prepare for getting the best Cinerarias potted. 

 Let the. Carnations and Picotees in pots for winter 

 flowering have every attention, that when placed on the 

 front shelves of the greenhouse stage, in November, I 

 their flowering shoots may be strong and numerous. If 

 they have been kept from flowering, and no shoots are now 

 upon them of more than 4 or 5 inches in length, they 

 may be allowed to grow from this time, as they will 

 begin flowering in November, and if the plants are 

 healthy, they will continue through the winter. 



HARDY FRUIT GARDEN. 



Wall trees —The tying in or nailing of these should 

 now be gone over for the last time this season, that 

 the young wood, from its closer proximity to the wall, 

 may have a better chance of ripening. Now that the 

 fruit of Morello Cherries is gathered, as many of their 

 shoots as space will admit of, without being crowded, 

 should be laid in. Enough has been previously said about 

 Strawberries, and all that is now necessary is to urge 

 the early completion of the work connected with the 

 summer management of this crop, especially in making 





new plantations, and cutting away the runners, and 

 forking rotten dung about the roots of the older ones. 

 The old Raspberrv canes which have done bearing 



, ... should now be cut away, and the strongest of the young 



pedicels, which are about 2 inches long, have about mid- Qnes tied i oose i y up i n their places, stopping the very 

 wav a large horizontal involucre of five rays, resembling luxuriant ones at about 51 f eet high. A little rotten 



This floats on the water, and 



way 



the spokes of a wheel, 

 supports the upper part of the pedicel in an erect 

 position ; the whole recalling a sort of floating lamp I 

 have seen, especially as the large yellow flower may be 

 considered to represent the flame. The rays are half an 

 inch long, clavate, not hollow, but composed of about 

 six series of large diaphonous cellules. The cellules 

 are convex on the surface, giving the rays a papillose 

 appearance, hexagonal, pale green, with pink interstices. 

 The rays are trifid at the extremity ; segments short, 

 twice dichotomous, the last divisions capillary, rarely 

 sacc-feruiis.''— Spruce, in Hooker's Joiwnal of Botany. 



Calendar of Operations. 



(For the ensuing xceek.) 



PLANT DEPARTMENT. 



That the plants which are intended for various pur- 

 poses and different seasons may each receive such sort 

 of treatment as is most calculated to make them answer 

 the end for which they are grown, a distinction should 

 be made between those which are designed to keep up 

 the display between this time and the end of November, 

 and those which are to be useful during mid-winter and 

 early spring. A third part will consist of those plants, 

 principally hard-wooded, which are cultivated more 

 especially for their summer services. By reducing the 

 thing to a system, in assembling together those whose 

 season of flowering and required treatment are similar, 

 it is more easy to give to each the special management 

 which its case demands. We are aware that to do this 

 properly, several houses or pits are required ; but where 

 such conveniences are not at command, much may be 

 done even in one house, by arranging the plants for the 

 different periods in such situations as may, on considera- 

 tion of the matter, seem best calculated to ensure them 

 the treatment they require. After this time, the 

 creepers on the roofs of plant-houses should be 

 kept within more moderate limits, and gradually 

 reduced as the season advances, that the plants 

 beneath them may not be deprived of the sun and air, 

 SO necessary to mature their growth. Many plants in 

 these houses are now in the last stage of flowering ; 

 and if attention has been paid to raising a young stock, 

 the old ones of many quick-growing, soft- wooded kinds 

 may be discarded. By this practice, the remaining 

 plants may be placed farther apart, thereby allowing a 

 freer circulation of air among them. Plants of 

 Gloxinias, Achimenes, &c, which are from time to time 

 removed from the houses, to ripen their growth, should 

 be placed in a dry frame, where they can have plenty I 

 of light, but where their supply of water must be gradu- 

 ally reduced ; they must not be allowed to get dry all 

 at once, which is too commonly the treatment they 

 receive, and in consequence of which many of them 

 parish entirely. 



dung forked in amongst them will very much assist the 

 swelling and ripening of the buds for next year's crop. 



KITCHEN GARDEN. 



Continue at intervals to earth up some of the earliest 

 Celery a few weeks before it is required for use ; but 

 unless in very cold and late localities, it is better to defer 

 the soiling of the general winter crop till the third or 

 last week of September. Let the intermediate rows of 

 Peas, &c, be cleared away as soon as possible after 

 their produce is gathered, that the Celery may have the 

 advantage of the additional light and air. As an extra 

 stimulant for any crops which we wish to grow particu- 

 larly fine, we have all the dung from the aviary and 

 poultry-yard carefully collected and mixed with three 

 or four times its bulk of charred refuse. The heaps of 

 this mixture are cased over with charcoal dust, and after 

 lying a year in that state, we use it for almost all kitchen- 

 garden crops ; considerable care, however, is necessary 

 in this, as it is nearly as.strong as guano, and of course 

 an overdose would be dangerous. After the ground is 

 regularly dunged and trenched, a light top-dressing of 

 this mixture is forked or raked in, previous to planting 

 or sowing the crops ; and to others in a state of progress, 

 we lay a ring of it a few inches distant round the collar 

 of the plant, and cover it with a slight top-dressing of 



soil. 



State of the Wether r.esr London, for the week ending Aug. 21, 1SI, 

 as obierveJ at tde Horticultural Garden, Chiewicr. 



August. 



Friday.. 



Sfttur. .. 



Suuday 

 M outlay 

 lues. ., 

 «.V ed. 

 Thun. 





I 



I 



18 

 19 

 U) 



TaxrisATURs 



Bahombtib. 



t the Air. 



* * 



Id 



17 

 IS il 

 19 22 



20 





21 



kvpr%Vt> 



24 



Max. 



20.9-;.. 



J.999 

 29.893 



1.240 

 30.35 > 

 30.294 

 30.119 





Miu. 



29.893 

 29.93 1 

 9.882 

 30.0)6 

 30.3 1 7 

 30.153 

 30.003 



Max. Min. Mean 



On lie Earth Wind. 





79 



48 



63.5 



77 



58 



67 





54 



65.0 



70 



38 



64.') 



72 



45 



5- 



92 



50 



66.0 



79 



54 



66.5 



30.11 30.033 7fi i ■ 49 5 ' « 





1 foot 2 feet 



deep. 



deep. 



64 





1 



01 



11 62 



J 61* 



-i 



61 



61 



61 



f3 



61* 



■ 



I 



X 



632 616 



W. 

 5.W. 



s.w. 



N. 

 K. 



S.W. 



.00 

 M 

 .28 







.00 

 .3 



Aujr. 



15— Overcast and fine; cloudy. 

 16— Fine; of ercast ; miu at nitrht. 



17 — Fne; rapid showers; eunnhine at interval*; rainat night. 



JS — Cloudy and fine; cl^ar and cold at night. 



10 — \>ry tine; slixb* uniform hate; clear. 



20— Very fine throughout; cloudy at night. 



21— Yttj fiie, with h > sun ; clear aud flue *t night. 



Mean temperature of the week, 1 <leg. above the average. 



State of the Weather at Cbiswirk, during the last 25 years, for the 



ensuing week, ending August 90, 1*51. 



August. 



Melons. 



FORCING DEPARTMENT. 



-These are now growing fast, and must 

 have regular attention in regard to stopping and 

 thinning. Let the plants have abundance of air, and 

 allow a little to remain on all night, as the flavour of 

 the fruit is much improved by a systematic attention 

 to this point. Let them have an ample supply of 

 water, except when the fruit is ripening. Continual 

 care is necessary at this season, to prevent the esta- 

 blishment of red spider upon the leaves ; and another 

 enemy, not less to be guarded against, is the cricket, 

 which eats its way into the fruit both of Pines and 

 Melons, just as they are approaching maturity. The 

 4>est way of destroying them is to mix some arsenic 

 and crowfig (nux vomica), and lay a little in the 

 -bottom of an earthen pan, placing a pan of water near 

 it. The crickets eat the poison 

 are driven by thirst to the water, 

 Oil iliey burst. 



25 



Sunday 

 Moo 

 Tues. 

 Wed. 



Thurs. 

 Friday 

 Saiur. 



•J- 

 27 



29 

 30 



5. *i 

 * * -J 



^5 H 



; .'- 



72 



72 7 

 72.6 



71.1 

 719 



* * a. 



Hi 





No of 

 Years in 

 which it 



<-h 



«rt 



Rained. 



Greatest 

 Quantity 

 of Rain. 



Pre? ailing Winds. 



47.9 



59.4 



n 



0.23 io. 



5 > .7 



63 3 



8 



0.32 



48.6 



605 



8 



0.51 



50.1 



61.4 



7 



0.40 



51.1 



61.9 



12 



0.20 



49.4 



604 



10 



0.58 



49.7 



60.8 



6 



0.92 





73 







1 



2 



_ 



1 

 1 

 3 

 1 



B 



2 



* 



I 



5 

 I 



4 





I 1 

 2- 



— 



i- 



4 — 



2- 



5 



5 



5 



1 

 4 



2 

 4 



4 6 



4 



7 5 



6 6 



3 7 



7 • 



5 * 



3 



2 

 4 

 6 

 2 

 3 

 3 



1 The highest temperature during the above period occurred on the 25 h 



! 



and 30th, lw— therm. 83deg 

 32 dag. 



and the lowest on the 29th f li>50— therm. 



greedily until they 

 of which they drink 



FLOWER GARDEN AND SHRUBBERIES. 



Cold frames, handlights, and every other convenience 

 ibr propagating, will now be put into requisition. Cal- 

 ceolarias, Pentstemons, the best kinda of Lobelias 



JUr 



natural enemies. 



The only atonement 



sufferer, who will asauredhr ci? « m * ake to - . 



let your birds go to nest again it -5° U i!^ 

 fortunate in rearing so la™ a ftS ?, ldet - ** hiWff*% 

 Young birds rarely thrive wh,« w*?J y Uu *« i***** 

 is it kind so to ta/th e ?&^^***J& 

 A moment's reflection will show hi dum «tfife 

 r TiiE Magp IE: d G. We advue ^T ^5^ 

 keeping such a bird. It will Zll °? by no *35j 

 and is the very last bird to be 72 32* yo * «£ 

 lady. If you are so fond of hlwnf t^^ft 

 cure a young canary, and luvish vLt >*■ il,!|5 

 him ? Here there will be a « ffi a* d *£& 

 Inflamed Etes and otiiee Ail«»?.^ 5^?? 

 of questions, about so many bh d , i **-**£ 

 place, would occupy far more gpace thl aQSWe?J * * k 

 devote to the subject. We will 1[Z <l aa * e «* if J! 

 sideration, and 'write you \Z e ft e ^^£^ 

 Canary : A Constant Subscriber Th««S P ^ r - *~2 



moistened 

 drin 



kft 



for his suggestion. We will prepare a£ 25 *T* k * 



the season. Give the invalid a little finS* "' 



with water ; and at th end ^ /?*# 

 riled milk (instead of wat4)^ dl ^^ 



tinued after -two days. W. K.~lZ?4'^ x%m ^*l 



may be more easily realised than he itaarini w r ** 

 Beoccoli: QYH. Grange's Early W^t^L, 

 pended upon m some localities. We na ? A^j"^- 



b ?n° n r I fl ° We - r P r A em .? tl ? rel y- If you had sown i * l ' 

 of Cauliflower in April, instead of the Broccoli \* 



have bad a better return for your labour- and if H** 



in May and June, you would then have i su22 



November or December, when the Cape Brocc u2? 



Cape Pelabgonicms : P. Some of the best are wd^ 

 quevulnerum, Bland fordianum,reniforme, crisomsW 

 ^laucum, flexuosum, bicolor, elegans, and \SS 

 They will succeed uader the treatment uauallj'jSJIS 

 common florists' varieties. You will find the ait JJ 

 b.'Bt fancy and other sorts ful'y given in our imtkik 

 different metropolitan exhibitions.* 



Chicory : T Moore. The roots must be ripe, like Pwciat 

 cleaned. They are then cut into thick slice*, andean 

 exposure to the sun, or by artificial means. Whaig, 

 fur use, the slices are roasted and ground lie C& 

 Grocers are the customers for Chicory. 



Geapes : H R. You cannot be wrong in giving jo* im I 

 pknty of air while they are ripening, and endesToey^ I 

 possible means to keep the foliage healthy. If the- 

 are attended to, and your borders dry, open, and t'pl 

 heart," you cannot fail to have good crops.J 



Heating: A Cambrian, You will readily perceive feisp 

 priety of our recommending one tradesman ia prcfinii 

 another, when skill is equal and the market uforh* 

 pied. What you ask for has been long since cot- 

 Horticultural Society, and the result published; ait ie 

 to the satisfaction of the parties concerned. -J If. Ik 

 little or no difference in the merit of the variousboSasi 

 in use. Those are the best which expose the gnaWK 

 to the action of fire. In all of them *ater must 04 

 be passing through them, the principle of hut-fates* 

 being that cold water is incessantly flowing into that 

 and hot water flowing out. Some last longertataati 

 but that is a question of workmanship, not of cm** 

 What jtm suggest has long since been donebjtkiB* 

 tural Society. The result is what we say. 



Hollyhocks : L B S. See p. 520 of last week s>J«» 



Insects : M' cT. The caterpillar sent is that of JhM* 

 elephant hawk moth, Sphinx (Chaerccanipa! Penfcjj 

 B B. Your Melon leaves are iutested with 0i«PJ 

 You must fumigate very carefully, and if jour J*> 

 closed veiy tightly, place a quantity oi P^*" 



Ns^ ol m ^ : John Walters. It UnottmetL 

 tpectabilis wa. introduced ati 1610. We do not* 

 hink remarkable in the scarlet *^"™-££ 

 do not tee how it differs from C. nigra; «» 



Paronychia nivea; 2, looks like a ^f^ — 

 but, in fact, is not determinable. / mW ™^ 

 quire good leaves and rlpetruit.-W ^.^4^^ 

 Crassula glomerata. We are nntcqua tett d J >** 





placr. t" kin », car 2 l 5" v s :>7ro"nica sa! icifoUa. 



b ; but it might p 



ou» of d ow in » *«'Vr pTinar 011 * 

 readily Ir.ra cuttiDgs 4 r , 7 , L r lTi«rf. tar. «■ 



» eenkouae shrub ; but U «'K h AP„ J 5 ' a % e U 1 



ituation at MR* "^ 



4, Erica cinerea ; 8. C :,Uu D * vajw^*' m * 

 E \ me.literranea ffj ; 6, not n^ appall 



flaviuuni, fine aud ?*?;-{'!"• V„ meB tiOT ugJI 



1„ r.nrt notbine like it ; but we m . k . rC0M j*I 



we ek.-.A few inquirks ^«ffi£&» 

 Plantiho : D S. We fear you w iU *%»»,)+ 



11 ererjwf. 



a _. D S. We fear you will 



i"inuV" excels a for profit. I 



nearly so handsome. P- L "J^° p. excelia»* 



ness of growth and cbeapnc s r ^ ^ 



mouth Pine; ^ f ^ d Vowever tt u a w ? ft 

 former is much better. Howeve ^m 



Notices to Correspondents. 



Arbutus : I>e?onkn$is. You m iy cut them down now; but it 

 would be better in the spring, just before the buds swell. Cut 

 the old ones to within 3 feet of the ground. 



Birds.— The Chaffinch : S E V. We should advhe you not 

 to purchase the bird, however musical his son^ t Bis blind- 

 ness arise?, not as has been alleged, fr in natural cmsea but 

 is the result of the most abhorrent, fiendish cruelty h i B 

 a generally receivtd opinion, that these birds in particular 

 sins more steadily and joyously, wheu deprived of their 

 light, than they do when they have the use of their eves 

 This is, we hardly need observe, a popu'ar and most vulgar 

 error. Red-hot needles have been passed before the eyes of 

 this bird. His very tears have become bested, and have 

 combined, together wi h the agonies attending the operation 

 to herme ically close his organs of vision for ever ! We know 

 much, very much, about these practices; and shall have 

 more to say ot them hereafter. W. A'.— Toe Java Sparrow • 

 Sarah N. The injury inflicted on your little favourite by the 

 remorseless cat, will teach you a salutary lesson. We have 

 spoken till we are weary, of the folly of keeping cats in a 

 house where there are birds. It is an act of thoughtless , 

 cruelty ; for birde are aware that these vermin are their ' 



However 



Sdtf ^T» s« tt Cheap you m 



Deodars. 

 Toads 



HT. No. 16 of _tbe« Cw$» 



Rendu* 

 pinus excels* 



"for* 



«— «- ; 'S W=IS? 



I 



the soil 



P« 



drenching >~- t!> w 



treadl?g aoutb f*t* 

 b-le by the 



W l ^Tt!l 



you had better per 



the way you propose ; [«"- 



earh is filled in, and not 



habit of the tree is tn 



prefer to lot it fo-m » c b ff th.ei*<g, 



road. In that case m« « Jj P » leader ; btf* 



fi2MttKsSS , i» 



knife until necessity 













SEEDLING FLOWERS J 



fatal to them as show flowers. . s ,i^l 



,ixe. The other three are V ,, 



worth cuUivaUUK.^ ^ojMj-jJ £ 



dull i aiie full.' B Your *eed«« "^fl** 



jrood as some of the W« 



much too dull in «» our - # 



V 



I * & 



Picorwa : T F. Your meo.-- VA ^ 



second class ■"'TV- T. tbe co"»» "' .^ j 

 tolerably well-defined, »o" ^^ ^ , 





