M 



18.) 1.1 



I'HB AGRICULTURAL (. \ZI'TTE 



537 





 







1'KKUVl \ GUANO. 

 r* vUTION TO AGRICULTURISTS.— 



\j'\* lirif notorious that eitcn&ire adulteration! of tblt 



u fcXl'HB tr« *till carried oo, 



** AN >NY GIBBl AVD 80X3. AS TII8 



OKLT I \! PORTERS OF PERUVIAN OUANO, 

 j^mU#t It to be their duty to the Peruvian Government and 



■J the Public again to recommend Farmers and all otheri who 

 te? to be carefully on their retard, 

 fbe character of the parti s from whom they purchase will 

 • Mar n be the best security, and in addition to particular 

 r£3e* to that point, ANTONY GIBBS AMD - >NS think it 

 joQto remind buyers that— 



J%c lowest wholesale price at which sound Peruvian 

 has been sold by them durinj the last two years 

 U'BL 5* per ton, less 2J per cent. 



Any resales made by dealers at a lower price must therefore 

 fgfeer leave a loss to them, o he article must be adulterated 



THE LONDON MANURE COMPANY beg t 

 offer, ss under, CORN* M VXURB, most valuable for 

 jfri&f dress in? — Concentrated Urate, Superphosphate of Lime, 

 fltrste of Soda, Sulphate of Ammonia, Fishery and Ajjru'ul- 

 tcral Salts, Gypsum, Fossil Bones, Sulphuric Acid, and every 

 ytfcer Artificial Manure ; also a constant supply of English 

 tad Foreign Linseed-cake. Peruvian Guano, guaranteed the 

 line importation of Messrs. A. Gibbs and Sons, 91. 10s. per 

 or $1. 5s. in quantities of 5 tons and upwards. 



Edwaed Poasia, Secretary. 

 40, Bridge-street, Blackfri ir«, London. 



MANURES.— The following Manures are manu- 

 factured at Mr. Lawes's Factory, Deptf jrd Creek : 



Clover Manure, per ton £11 



Turnip M inure, do. ... ... ... ... 7 



Puperphosphate of Lime 7 



Sulphuric Acid and Coprolites ... 5 

 Office, CD, King William-strcet, City, London. 

 X.B. Peruvian Guano, guaranteed to contain 16 per cent, of 

 Ammonia, H, 10s. per ton ; and for 5 tons or more, 91. 5s. per 

 too, In dock. Sulphate of Ammonia. 4sc. 



SHALE MANURE.— The Bituminous Shale Com- 

 pany can now BUPPLT PULVKRLSED IALE ASHES 

 in sacks, at 21. 10s. per ton, delivered at any station or branch 

 line of the South Western Railway, and at the Terminus, 



Utae Elms. 



This valuable Manure is at once cheap, durable, and fer- 

 tidsing, and will be found to be superior to all others for Grain, 



C ran, and root crops. 



A singular property of this Manure Is that it entirely prevents 

 th, ravages of the fly in Turnip. It is also utterly destructive 

 of the wire- worm.' 



Orders to be addressed to the Bituminous Shale Company, 

 145, r pper Thames-street, London, where also testimonials 

 from the first agriculturists of the day may be obtained. 



Algernon Pollock, Secretary. 



R*spe»*able Agents Wanted in the country. Reference to a 

 Country tanker or London House, required. 



H03i FUR LIQUID MANURE, Fire-engines, 

 and . gricultural purposes, made of canvass, lined and 

 coated with gutta percha ; it i3 about one-third the price of 

 leather or india-rubber, will convey liquids of all kinds under 

 a heavy pressure ; it is extensi? ely used at the Government 

 public works, also by the navy, and amongst agriculturists, 



(bring oaivmai satisfaction* Testimonials and prices may be 



obtained of Messrs. Rurgess and Key, 103, Newgate-street, sole 

 manufacturers.— London Agents : Messrs. Deane, Dray, and 

 Desne, Swan-lane ; Messrs. Tilley, Black friars-road.— Couutry 

 Afents : Messrs. Ransom* and Parsons, Ipswich ; Messrs. J. 

 and S. Johnson, Liverpool ; Messrs. Dickson, Hull ; Mr. S. 

 W n, Agent for Scotland. 



ANTHONY'S PATENT AMERICAN CHURN 



•*^ has obtained a Prize at every Agricultural meeting at 

 which it has been exhibited ; and the Proprietors have sold 

 upwards of 2000 in one year, and received from all parts of 

 England the highest testimonials in its favour, both as to the 

 short time required, the quantity and quality of the Butter 

 made, a copy of which testimonials, with prices, will be for- 

 warded on application to BomoBss and Key, 103, Newgate, 

 street, Sole Agents to the Proprietor. 



acre* 



the 



previous ar. 



The return for l£f50, is as follow! : 



Wheat . 



Oats • 



Barley 



Bere • 



Rye 



Beans and Peas . 



Total of grain crops 

 Green crops 

 Flax 



604,867 acres. 



-,14... 



263,350 „ 

 57,811 „ 



18,342 „ 



62,590 



j' 



3,1 

 ] 



,3 ny. : 



.'» 1,040 



N 



for watering gardens, distributing liquid 



manure, brewers' i je, &c. 



patent vulcanised india-runner iiose-pipe 



and flexible gas tubing. 



TAMES LYNE HANCOCK (sole Licensee and) 



*J Manufacturer, Goswell Road, Loudon. 



These Pipes are well adapted for Watering Gardens, con- 

 veying Liquid Manure, racking Beer and Cider, for portable 

 Gas Lamp*, and all purposes where a perfectly sound Water- 

 proof and Flexible Pipe is required. Hot Liquors or Acids do 

 not Injure them ; thej are, therefore, much used for Chemical 

 purposes, as thej require no oil or dressing ft hen out of use ; 

 are particularly suitable for Fire Engines, and are found ex- 

 ceedingly useful in Dwelling-houses for conveying Hot or Cold 

 Water to Baths, 4c. 



Testimonials and prices may be had on application to the 

 Manufactory, 



K.B.— Vulcanised India Rubber Garden Hose, fitted up with 

 Rotes, Jets, and Branches complete, with union joints ready 

 to attach to pumps or water cisterns. 



All Letters or Orders addressed to J. L. IIakcock, Goswell 

 Mews, Goswell Road, London, will meet with immediate 

 attention. 



Waterproof Fi»hing Boots and Stockings, Portable India- 

 Eubber Boats, Shower and Sponging Baths, Air Cushions aud 

 Beds, made all sizes to order. 



1,558,1 68 „ 



u These figures (Captain Larcom observes), indicate 

 a decided disposition on the part of farmers to fall 

 back upon the classes of crops best adapted to the 

 •oil and climate, giving the preference to Oats and 

 Flax, the latter crop showing an increase of one- 

 half on that of 1849." A much larger breadth of 

 land has doubtless been under Flax this year. 



It may not be uninteresting to compare Ireland 

 in' the foregoing particulars, with the north-west 

 division of France, which possesses several analogous 

 features, such as minute subdivision of land, suit 

 ableness of climate to tillage and pasture, deficiency 

 of moving capital among the small occupiers, 

 equality of farm labourers' wages, rents and taxes, 

 and we must add slovenliness and ill • onomy of 

 husbandry in many respects. This division or zone 

 of France is divided for official purposes into 21 

 departments, and of these 12 are inland, and the 

 remaining 9 maritime. Anions the formei re some 

 of the richest pasture and corn soils, with a very 

 civilized and intelligent population, and in the latter 

 are included some of the most mountainous and 



Eoorest parts of Brittany, where the Celtic natives 

 ave the characteristic deficiencies of their congeners 

 on the mountains and bogs of Ireland, and endure 

 similar privations. Each country exhibits parallel 

 extremes of national character, corresponding di- 

 versities of soil and climate, and db nctions of 

 wealth and poverty. Some large farms and numerou 

 small holdings, with cattle of varied kinds and 

 qualities, are common to each. The north-wes 

 division of France contains about 31,000,000 of 

 English acres, or a third more than the area of 

 Ireland, and deducting L0,0U0,000 under pasturage, 

 mountains, woods, plantations, and other lands not 

 serviceable for tillage, there remain about 21,000,000 

 of acres for the purposes of cultivation. 



Let us compare the proportions of live stock in 

 each country with those of the same kinds in the 

 other; for which purpose we shall place the report 

 of Captain Lahcom side by side with those of 

 MM. Rubichon and Mounter, which are also official 

 tables, and though drawn up some years ago, they 

 are probably just exponents of the statistics of the 

 present time. 



North- We^t • f France. 

 Cattle . . . 



Sheep ♦ 



rigs . . . 



Horses and Mules 

 Asses . 



Goats • » . 



:i,320,007 



7,015,194 



1,115,239 



1,192,8*0 

 81,226 



. . . 100,777 

 Now, we are to bear in mind 



Ireland. 



, . 2,917,949 



, . 1,876,096 



i . ."2 7,502 



. . 548,719 



• . 123,412 



. . 201,112 



that the total area 



the agricultural ©alette* 



SATURDAY, AUGUST 23, 1851. 



MEETINGS FOR THE TWO FOLLOWING WEEKS. 

 Tbubudat, Auj. 28- Acricattunl Imp. Soc. of Ireland. 

 Tbvmday, S»pt. 4— Agricultural Imp. Soc. of Ireland. 



Official returns of the agricultural statistics of 

 Ireland, for the last two years more particularly, have 

 heen recently presented by Captain Larcom of the 

 Board of Works, and published. These returns 

 show nearly a duplicate increase in the number of 

 holdings above^oand not exceeding 30 acres, and a 

 triplicate increase in the number above 30 acres, 

 within the last two years. The most marked al- 

 teration, from the combined influences of poverty, 

 «*nine, disease, eviction, and emigration, has been 

 Effected in the number of holdings above 1 and not 

 exceeding 5 acres— these having decreased from 

 1H 3 '5 to 91,618 in the course of the last 10 years. 

 *• extent of land under crops last year was 



of Ireland is one-third less than that of the portion 

 of France under present comparison with her, yet 

 we find that cattle and pigs in Ireland are in much 

 higher ratios, to the extent of land, than in France. 

 In the asinine department, Ireland has absolutely 

 and relatively a large numerical superiority, though, 

 in respect of the more Valuable working animals, 

 horses and mules, her deficiency is obvious. Yet, 

 on the other hand, the superabundance of horses 

 and mules in France is indicative of one of the most 

 depressing hindrances to her agricultural prosperity, 

 namely, an excessive population of petty land-occu- 

 piers, who are obliged to maintain a number of 

 horses disproportionately great to the size of their 

 farms. When fewer horses are kept in Ireland we 

 shall expect to see a better class of farmers there. 

 With the consolidation of little holdings, to an 

 extent commensurate with the wants and capabilities 

 of the agricultural population, the present uneco- 

 nomical surplus of horses will necessarily diminish ; 

 in very little farms, the spade should be the imple- 

 ment substituted for the plough. 



As to sheep, we feel some difficulty in estimating 

 the ratio, because lambs are included in the French 

 tables (the number being more than a million and 

 a-half ),^ but are not separately designated in the 

 Irish tables. Admitting, however, that numerically 

 the ratio of Irish to French sheep is much less than 

 that of two to three, we may assume that in respect 

 of carcase weight, the scale is, on the whole, in 

 favour of Ireland. Any person who has examined 

 the miserable little sheep in France, and compared 

 them with the fine animals that are kept in large 

 flocks by the great sheep farmers in the rich 

 pastures of several counties in Ireland, will have no 





difficulty in judging that the actual amount o* 



nutton is, on average numbers, greater in the latter 

 e intry than in the former, where so few Hocks are 

 to be seen, though two or three wretched little sheep, 

 fettered together, and badly fed, are to be found 

 th " juently. 



We must now advert to the tabular returns 



respe< 



crops : 



most important 



Wheat . 



Rye • • 



Wheat and Rye mixed 

 Barley. . . . 



Oats 



Buckwheat . • . 



Maize # , , 



Potatoes . . • 

 Mangold Wurzel 



tolza (Rape) . t 



Leguminous crops • 



Flax . ... 

 Hemp t 



Hops . ... 



Tobacco . 



Xo*tb of France. 



. . 3,664,262 acres 



. 1,389 22 



832,771 



■0.4 12 



2,829,147 



1,099,190 



49, 2 



477.017 



18,835 



130,495 

 121,245 

 11 



1 26,785 

 440 



1,387 



n 



n 



n 



Ireland. 



604 7 acres 

 18,342 



321,161* 

 2,142,396 „ 



L817,572t„ 



■ 



11. 1,305 4,5. r i8,168 



The artificial Grasses and natural meadows we 

 omit on each side. 



We perceive that the total of cereal crops in 

 Inland (on an area of 13,464,300 lerei of arable 



land, according to t he census of 1M1) is only 

 3,086,! >60 acres, whereas the cereals, on ,000,000 

 of arable land in France occupy 10,81)6,276 acres, 



or, in round numbers, half the ent e area of arable 

 land, whereas, the cereal crops in Ireland occupy 

 but a fraction over one -third of the arable area. 



As Ireland has, however, decidedly more general 

 capabilities for producing green crops of all sorts 

 than corn crops, exc pting Oats, it is pleasing to 

 see that the total of green crops (Clover not 

 included) is aire iy so considerable ; and this is but 

 the commencement of a better system. The 

 Potatoes and Mangold Wurzel of the French dis- 

 trict under comparison amount only to 515,868 

 acres. The Potatoes are principally used as luynan 

 food, and the other crop is partly manufactured for 

 sugar j Colza (which is cultivated for its oil), and 

 Tobacco are scourging crops, requiring much manure, 

 and giving no return to the soil. Of the large breadth 

 of land under the head of root crops in Ireland, we 

 hope that Turnips and Mangold Wurzel (field Beet) 

 —for cattle feeding — till a considerable space, for it 

 would be grievous to believe that Potato culture, as 

 the principal supply of food to the population, is 

 again increasing to an inordinate degree. 



REPORT ON THE AGRICULTURAL SECTION 



OF THE GREAT EXHIBITION. 

 No. X 1 V. — In Class 3, " Substances used as Food," of 

 course the farmer finds a profusion of things to interest 

 and instruct him. But samples are for personal inspec- 

 tion, not for being read of ; and enlarge as we might, we 

 should be able to give but an imperfect idea of the 

 different qualities of grain, pulse, oils, seed, honey, 

 preserved meats, flitches of bacon, t€ preserved pigs on 

 the mild cure principle/ 9 &c. ; we shall, then re, at 

 the present time, mention but a few of the many objects 

 in this class. All farmers must be gratified when they 

 behold Messrs. Gibbs and Co 's assortment of dried 

 Grasses and seeds, and no less than 598 bowls of 

 Wheat, Barley, Beans, and grain of all kinds, natural 

 and artificial Grass seeds, and the seed of every possible 

 plant likely to be cultivated upon a farm. P. Law son 

 I and Son, of Edinburgh, display in glass cases a remark- 

 able assemblage of all the vegetable products of Scot- 

 land ; with all agricultural seeds, and specimens of the 

 plants producing them ; so that here the farmer may 

 study the appearance of different seeds, and learn to 

 know good from inferior by their looks. Malt and Hops 

 are also here — the latter in considerable variety. 

 R. Golding, of Hunton, near Maidstone, shows a pocket 

 of Mid-Kent Hops, probably the finest, the richest, and 

 most valuable. Jones's are a shorter variety, thug 

 enabling the grower to use the poles which are too 

 short for other kinds. Colegate's are hardy, and suited 

 to poor soils. 



James M'Killican, of Piperhill, Cawdor, Scotland, 

 exhibits a sample of white Wheat, which is interesting 

 as being the produce of the first crop from land 

 formerly worthless, manured by 300 lbs. weight of 

 Peruvian guano to the acre. Produce per imperial 

 acre, about 5 quarters ; weight per bushel, 65 lbs. 1 oz. 

 J. Kendall, of Treverlin, Truro, Cornwall, shows a 

 sheaf of white Wheat, named the " Giant Straw Wheat," 

 grown by the exhibitor in quantities of 10 to 15 acres 

 for the last 10 years. This Wheat is st&ted to have 

 produced, on an average, 60 bushels per acre. Its 

 superiority consists in the length, size, and stiffness of 

 the straw, and in its abundant produce. R. Rayn- 

 bird, of Hengrave, near Bury St Edmund's, Suf- 

 folk, exhibits, among other samples, a specimen 

 of Kessingland Wheat, a productive and new 

 variety. It was grown upon a liizlit soil at Hengrave; 

 the kernels are of remarkable size, as bold and full as 



Including bere. 



f Including all green root crops* 



