1851.1 



THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 



511 



ose Farm. 



r*ven 



Yocks^re, lime it etuplojei very extensively a* a i 

 L- tttn upon a limestone toil. I have found that c 

 Z'spuMfUfl top iitmi with lime much qui 

 Sat we m ** z i§ mucn richer and' better niixt 

 Ma tare* spi»artntly equally productive of herbage. 



Oiamock^of Wakefield, reman, l that it was a 

 on practice in the north to mix lime and manure 

 ajge: r for the Potato crops, and the growers found 

 benefit of it on the old-going strong soils of the 

 fry. On the magnesian limestone to crop Turnips 

 gl all "farm vard manure was required as well as arti- 

 fcia] ; and without even then obtaining a full return for 

 Hie outlay. The north-west of Yorkshire was the dis- 

 trict of mountai n limestone, and there little manure was 

 applied, as the lime itself acted on the soil, which con- 

 tained a larger proportion of potash than magnesia, on 

 account of which circumstance the soil was maintained 

 in a state of fertility, not seen elsewhere, excepting on 

 the old red sandstone, and the district wa listinguished 



growth of beautifully green Grass 



* 



In the neighbour- 



extending to the tops of the hills. 



liood of Settle they burned their lime ami had the 

 moot fertile Grasses on the land where they applied 

 it The lime, however, was not fully burnt As 

 the limestone in that district appeared to Mr. Char- 

 lock to have, in its natural state, a peculiar efficacy, 

 be suggested, at an agricultural meeting held at that 



that the limestone should not be burnt but 



Sound into a fine powder ; when an old farmer replied 

 it he had tried ground limestone, and had found its 

 effects on the soils and crops to be more permanent 



Mr. Charnock thought Prof. 



than when 



\\ \i\'s a very good suggestion, that the lime should be 

 applied with the manure. They were told, however, in 

 Yorkshire that such was a bad practice ; but the vigour 

 of plants growing on manure-heaps indicated the excess 

 of ammonia. They had been taught not to set free th 

 ammonia ; hut he believed that in strong soils it would 

 be beneficial to do so : first lime, then plough and ridge, 

 and lastly manure in the ridges.— Dr. Calvert referred 

 to magnesia and the blue lias. Sir Humphry Davy 

 and ot rt had stated that caustic magnesia destroyed 

 the crop. Dr. Calvert could himself suppose any 

 caustic ..pplication to be destructive to vegetation. When 

 ordinary lime and magnesia occurred together, in a 

 calcinal state, he understood the lime first attracted the 

 carbonic acid from the atmosphere, leaving the mag- 

 nesia c: tic until the lime became mild. Magnesian 

 lime on a Clover-lea was said to destroy the weeds, 

 and the magnesia to lose its causticity in the process. 

 In the north of Yorkshire, Lord Feversham applied 

 larj; quantities of white lime on peaty soil. It is 

 allowed to lie for two or three years, being stirred 

 duriiii: that period ; and the peat becomes excellent 

 light land, and grows Turnips. He thought it desirable 

 that the real action of lime on peat should be ascer- 

 tained, as contradictory opinions existed on that point. 

 ■— ft«ot Way remarked, that the active acid qualities of 

 the peat were neutralised by the lime, which also, by its 

 caustic action, brought into play the inert matter 

 r hich peat contained. — Dr. Calvert considered quick- 

 lime to be a powerful digester of vegetable matter. 

 On Grass lands, however, chalk might be applk 

 where lime would destroy. He had found it parti- 

 cularly useful on strong clay land, in promoting the 

 growth of Grass lawns, in those cases of failure where no 

 renewal of turf will permanently effect the object. He 

 had reason to believe that the half-burnt, and also what 

 was called the * rotten " limestone, might in many cases 

 be emplcyed with advantage. — Mr. Charnock could cor- 

 roborate the utility of these substances. The rotten 

 white lime was a peculiar kind of stone, and yielded a 

 mild lime, which might be used for improving certain 

 soils, at the rate of 4 or 5 tons an acre.— Dr. Calvert 

 observed that the tenantry of Lord Feversham were 

 required to apply to their peaty land 96 bushels 

 of lime every fourth year, after a crop, a fallow, 

 and a green crop. This was considered a full 

 dose, but thought to be too much, notwithstand- 

 ing the peaty character of the soil. It was a very 

 common practice in Yorkshire to mix manure with 

 lime, for their Potato and Turnip crops. There wa>, 

 however, something apparently destructive in the 

 Potatoes under this management, for the crop of Wheat 

 was inferior where the Potatoes had been grown. With 

 regard to the Welsh soil, he thought there were some 

 circumstances peculiarly favourable to vegetation ; as 

 in the plain of Catania, in Sicily, with which he had in 

 former years been well acquainted, and where white 

 w heat was grown in successive years. The blue lias 

 hmestone contained silica in a fine state of division, 

 and it is so easily fused at high temperatures as to 

 render a mixture of it and the white limestone 

 preferable. 



The fineness of the silica might probably 

 in some measure account for the effect on Wheat. Mr. 

 inompson stated that there was the real and the inferior 

 jnagtiesian limestone : where 40 bushels of the former 

 nad been applied nothing grew again for four or five 



l e i a r , r° XCept here and there weed s and knot-grasses : 

 *niie from seven to nine bushels of the inferior variety 



7*8 an excellent application.— Col. Challoner had often 



a occasion to remark the affinity of Clover to lime : 



™« some years ago his father had drawn his attention 



oh«!L CU " OUS circura8tance that had fallen under his 



Jwrvation m connexion with that affinity. A cart 



ymg broken down on Bagshot- Heath, a heap of lime 



th7 * ii • for two momhs and then removed. In 

 "«* following year .the lonir heath was fmmri * n u~ a~ 



troy 



beam 



I>uich 



place. Sir John Sinclair quotes a similar 

 stance, as observed by Dr. Fenwick, of Durha _ . 



" A qunn-itj of very mild lime was laid in a heap, where it 

 remained for tome time, and when it wu remov* d. the spot 

 wat covered wi h white Clover. A heip of hot lim was 1* ft 

 for the same space of time: no vegetation took place Ibr a 

 considerable period, and the spot was at length covered with 

 Couch grass. Neither the Clover nor the Couch grass cou^d 

 b^ produced by the heapt of lime, but the circumstance it 

 thu3 accounted for :— The hot lime retained its causticity 

 much longer, and in that state destroyed any teedt contain 

 in the soU; but the Couch-grass, being le*« easily destroyed, 

 or shooting and spreading from the neighbouring land, s"«.on 

 took possession of the vacant spot. In regard to the Ciover*t 

 following the mild lime, th«reit nothing singular; at itt 

 seed is very generally diffused, and always vegetates in a 

 calcareout soil."— Code of Agriculture, note '225, 



Mr. Dyer referred to the injurious effects of liming, 

 whew such an application, from the nature and condi- 

 tion of the soil, was not required. He stated the instance 

 of a large landowner who, on removing from Somerset- 

 shire into Hampshire, inquired of Mr. Dyer whether he 

 should lime his land or not. Mr. I'ver informed him. 

 that the soil already contained plenty of that earth, and 

 a further supply would not only be useless, but per- 

 fectly injurious. A kiln, however, was erected, but it 

 was soon abandoned. On the other hand, chalk was of 

 givat benefit, under the same circumstances, in restoring 

 a park, the turf of which was, 40 years ago, underlaid to 

 the depth of six inches with that substance. Mr. Dyer 

 would venture to recommend the proprietor of the law n to 

 which Dr. Calvert had referred, to take off the turf an 

 inch or two, and apply chalk underneath it.— Mr. Duller, 

 of Dilhorne, thought that the effect of burning limeston 

 was merely to reduce it to an impalpable powder as 

 lime, which i^ retained on its conversion again into 

 chalk when exposed to the atmo here. — Professor 

 Way remarked that lime entered into new com- 

 binations, which chalk was incapable of effecting. — 

 Mr. J. Main waring Paine recommended a trial of 

 caustic lime, ground to powder, in its unslaked ite 

 He could fully corroborate the statement of Mr. 

 Thompson, in reference to the occurrence of fingee*- 

 and-toes, on a gravelly soil, winch the tenant 

 would not lime, and as a natural consequence had an 

 excellent crop of those vegetable deformities. He was 

 then induced to lime his land, when, after the first course 

 of rotation, he had excellent crops of Turnips, — 

 Mr. Hamond observed, that in Norfolk they never 

 used lime, but grew Turnips without disease. 

 They had, however, clay, chalk, and marl, which j 

 they put on all new and fresh lands at the proper 

 time, and in proper quantity. — Mr. Buller thought that 

 circumstance a corroboration of the correctness of his 

 view, that it was not can tic but mild antacid lime that 

 was required. — Dr. Calvert had understood that chalk 

 was most suitable for farm-yard manure and green 

 crops, while lime was best adapted for grain cultivation ; 

 according to the remark of Colonel Le Couteur, that 

 Wheat dressed with farm-yard manure was coarse and 

 diseased. 



On the motion of Sir Matthew White Ridley, Bart., 

 seconded by Mr Buller, the best thanks of the Council 

 were voted to Professor Way, for his kindness in 

 delivering a lecture before the members on that 

 occasion. 



Among the distinguished foreign visitors present, were 

 M. Pay en, Member of the Institute, and Secretary of 

 the Central Agricultural Society at Paris ; Mr. Johnson, 

 Secretary of the New York State Agricultural Society ; 

 M. Nathhorst, Secretary of the Royal Agricultural 

 Society of Sweden ; and M. Hedengren, of Stockholm. 



The Council adjourned to the 30th of July. 



Agricultural Improvement Society of Ireland, 

 Aug, 16, — The annual exhibition of this important 

 Society was held on the premises of the Royal Dublin 

 Society, which were liberally granted for the purpose. 

 The gates were opened to the public on Wednesday and 

 Thursday ; and on Friday the auction of stock was held 

 in the show yard. On Thursday evening the members 

 of the Society held their banquet at the Theatre Royal. 



LIST OF PRICES. 

 CLASS A— SHORT. HORNED. 



See. I.— For the be*t bull, ralved on or after the 1st of Jan., 

 1846, and previous to the let of Jan., 1849, 301, to the Hon. 

 A. F. Nugent, Pallas, Tynagh, for Bamboo; 2d, 101 , to Thos. 

 Wetherell, Kirkbridge, Darlington, for Earl of Scarb*. rough. 



Sec. II.— For the beat bull, cah d In the year 1849, 2 fl , to 

 Charles Towneley, Towneley, Burnley. Lancashire, for Garrick; 

 2d, 51, , to Richard C. Lowndes, Rice House, Club Moor, Liver- 

 pool, for Alderman. 



Hec. Ill —For the best bull, calved after the 1st of Januirv, 

 1850, 101, to P. ,T. Kearney, Miltown House, Clonmellon, 

 Athboy, for Diamond ; 2d, 51., to Captain Borrowes, Gilltown, 

 Kilculien, for Governor. For the best bull in the above 

 sections, the medal, to the Hon. A. F. Nugent, Pallas, Tynagh, 

 for Bamboo. 



Sec. IV.— For the best cow, in calf, or that has had a calf 

 in the year 1851, 10*., to the Hon. A. F. Nugent, Pallas. 

 Tvnagh, for the Maid of Killerby ; 2d, , to John William 

 O'Meagher, Beaumont, TuTlow, co. Carlow, for Primrose. 



Sec. V.— For the best heifer, in calf or in mi'k, calved in the 

 year 1848, 101 , to Charles Townelpy, Towneley, Lancashire, 

 for Ruby; 2d, 5i., to the Hon. A. F. Nugent, Pallas, Tynagh, 

 for Bonnet. J * * 



Sec. VI.— For the best heifer, ; n calf cr in milk, calved in 

 the year 1819 101, to Charles Towneley, TowneJey, Burnlev, 

 Lancashire, for ButterHv; 2d, 5?., to A. F. Nugent, Pallas. 

 Tynagh, for Baby. 



Sec. VII.— For the best heifer, calved after the 1st January, 

 1850, I0i., to S'. George Grey, Dorring^on, Gla3son, counij 

 Westmeath, for Ellen ; 2d. If., to J as. Douglas, Athels*«ine- 

 ford, Drem, Scotland, for Village Belle. 



CLASS B.— LONG-HOK -ED-DEVONS — HERKFORDS- 

 AYRSHIRE3- POLLED ANGUS— GALLOWAYS, 



Or any other distinct breed not ^vudificd to compete as Short-hornt. 

 Sec. I.— For the beet bull calved after the 1st of J nuary, 

 U146, and previous to the l*t of January, 1 ». 15*., *o Robert 

 Quin Alexander, Acton, Poyatxpass, f r his Devon bull, 

 Comrade ; 2d, W. to the E r! of Cimrlemont, Marino, Clontarf ; 

 for his Devon tu 1, Young Sham ric, 



Sac. IL— rorthe bett bull calved in ilu ><*rl*«9, 10/., to 

 Lord Talbot de Malahida, Cattla Malahide, for his Devon bulL 

 Young Richard ; J4, W. to Lord Talbot de Malahide, Castla 

 Malabide, Polled Angus bull, Charlie. For the best bull 

 in the above sectione. the Medal to Lord Talbot de Mala. 

 hide, Castle Malahide, for his Devon bull. Young Richard. 



Sec. IV.— For the best cow in calf, or that has had a calf in 

 the jear 1S51, 10/., to Lord Kiverston, Flower-hill. Killimer, for 

 a long-horned cow ; 2d, 5L to Lord Pluaket, Old Connaught, 

 Br«y, for a Devon cow, Dairymaid. 



•c. V. For the best heifer, in calf or in milk, calved In the 

 year 1846 101., to Lord Taljspt de Malabide, Castle Malahide, 

 for a polled Angus heifer, Jeanuie Deans ; 2d, 5L to Lord 

 EUwatftn, Flower Hill, Killimer, for a long-horned heifer. 



Sec. VI —For the best In ifer, in calf in or in milk, calved in 

 the year 1849, 101., to the Earl of Charlemont, Marino, Clontarf, 

 for his Devon heifer, Primrose; 2d, 51, to Lord Talbot de 

 Malahide, C-iStle Malahide, for bis Devon heifer, Lady Maude. 



Sec. VII.— For the best heifer, calved on or after the 1st of 

 January %50, W., to the Earl of Charlemont, Marino, Clontarf, 

 for his Devon heifer, Rose; 2d, bl. to N. W. Roche, M.D^ 

 Carru'nbriok, Fermov, for his Ajrshire heifer, 



CLASS C.— WE-i HI :1La.MX. KKRRIEa OR ANY 



OTHEU MOUNTAIN BREED. 



Sac. I. — For the best bull calved after the 1st of January, 



1845, 51, to William Tod, Elphinstone Tower, Tranent, for a 

 Highland bull. 



Sec. II.— For the best cow, in calf, or that has had a calf, in 

 1851, St., to William Tod, Elphinstone Tower, Tranent, for a 

 West Highland cow. 



Sec. HI -For the Wit lot of two heifers, «., to William 

 Owen, Bleslnton, for his two West Highland heifers. 

 CLA D.-FAI STOCK -ANY HR1ED OR CRO 



Sec. I.— Fr the best fat ox, of any breed or cross, N .toJoha 

 H. Lawler, Timoiin BaUltora, 



S c. IH.— For the buht lat uelfer, of any breed or cross, %l , 

 to J. O.fi. Pollock, MounUinstown, Navan, for Lis fat short- 

 h "rued heifer. 



Sec. IV For the best fat animal in the above class, the 

 Medal, to J. 0. G. Pollock, MountainMown. avan for his faf 

 >hort-horiied heifer. For the best of all the prise bulls ei* 

 hiblted at the show, the Gold Medal to Hon. A. F. Nugent 



fill.is, Tynagh, for his ihort.hortied bull, Haroboo. To the 

 tader of the best prize bull, the Medal, to the Hon. A. F. 

 Nugent, Pallas, Tynagh, for his snort horned bull. Ram boo. 

 For the best of all the prize cows or hellers exhibited at the 

 show, the Gold Medal, to Charles Towneley, Towneley, Burnley 



L a nc a sh i r e, for his short-horned heifer* Huttetlv. To the 



breeder of the bait prize cow or heifer, the Medal, to Charles 

 Town* y. To >clcy, Burnley, Lancashire, for his short-horned 

 heifer, Butterfly. The Agricultural ChaHaoge Cup, value 100J,, 

 given by the late Peter Purcell, Esq., for the best animal in the 

 neat cattle classes, possessing most merit of its kind in the 

 estimation of the judges, to Hon. A. F.Nugent, Pallas, Tvnagh, 

 for his ihort* horned hull, Bamboo. 



CLASS E.-HORSES. 



Sec. I.— For the baft cart Rtallion, over three years old, and 

 foaled since the lit of January, 1841,301., to John Woolsey, 

 Mil-sdown, Ca a tb-be11ingham, tor his Clydesdale horse, No 

 Mistake; 2d, 107. to Alexander Binning, Crutgenel Cottage, 

 Linlithgow, Scotland, for his Clydesdale cart stallion, Lively. 



8ec IL— For the best cart stallion, foaled since the 1st of 

 January, 1648, 20£., to Edward Collier, The Grange, Ciance 

 Inn, Forfarshire, R.B., for his cart stallion, Panmure ; Id, BL, 

 to Lord Dufl'erin and Claneboy, Hollywood, for a cross-bred 

 stallion. 



Sec. III.— For the best thoroughbred stallion, the Medal, to 

 Henry Raker, Mallow-house, Naul, for his thorough- bred stal- 

 lion, Jolly Tar. 



Sec. IV.— For the best cart mare, in foal, or with a foal at 

 her foot, or having reared a foal in the year 1850, 15L, to Wil- 

 liam Tod, Elphinstone Tower, Tranent, East Lothian, for his 

 draught mare, Jess; 2d, 51, to Benjamin Willan, Mitchels- 

 town, Finglas, for his draught mare, Cherry. 



SHE KP. 



CLASS F. -LEICESTER 5 ?. 



Sec. I.— For the best shearling ram, 1&„ to Frederick F. 

 Hamilton, Windmill Farm, Edenderry, for his shearling 

 Leicester ram; 21, M. t to James Douglas, Athels'aneford, 

 Drem, Scotland, for his Leicester shearling ram. 



Sec. II.— For th best two-shear ram, 101., to Thomas Carter, 

 Scales, Richmond, Yorkshire, tor his two-shear Leicester ram. 



Sec III.— For the best ram of any other age, 5L, to Thomas 

 Carter Scales, Richmond, York-hire, for a Leicester ram. 



Sec. IV.— For the best pen of five shearling ewes, 5L, to 

 James Douglas, Athelstaueford, Drem, Scotland, for a pen o 

 Leicester shearling ewes. 



Sec. V.— For the best pen of five ewe Iambs, 3L, to N. W. 

 Roche, M.D., Carrigabrick, Fermoy, for a pen of five Leicester 

 ewe lambs, four months old. 



CLASS 6.— ANY OTHER LONG-WOOLLED SHEEP, 



Not qualified to compete at Leice iters. 



Sec. I —For the best shearling ram, &., to Sylvester Rait, 

 Ratbmoyle, Edenderry, for a long-woolled ram. 



Sec. II —For the best ram of any other age, 41. , to Richard 



Perceval, Kilmore Hill, Tallow, co. Waterford, for a two-shear 

 long-woolled ram. 



Sec. III.— For the best pen of five shearling ewes, 31., to Syl- 

 vester Rait, Rathmoyle, Edenderry, a pen of five long-woolled 

 •hear'ing ewe?. 



See. I V.— For the best pen of five ewe lambs, 21. to Sylveste 

 Rait, Rathmoyle, Edenderry, a pen of five long-woolled ewe 

 lambs. 



CLASS II.— SOUTH DOWNS. 

 Sec. I.— For the be-.t shearling ram, 8L, to William Owen 

 Blesinton, a South Down shearling ram. 



See. II —For the best ram of any other age, 41., to William 

 Owen, Blesinton, a South Down ram. 



Sec. III.— For the best pen of five shearling ewes, Zl. 9 to 

 William Owen, Blesinton, a pen of five shearling South 

 Down ewes. 



CLASS L.— CHEVIOTS. 



Sec. I.— For the best shearling ram, 8i., to Col. La Touche, 

 Lujrgeiaw, Newtown Mount Kennedy. 



Sec, II.— For the best ram of ar.y other age, 41., to Colonel 

 La Touche, Luggelaw, Newtown Mount Kennedy. 



Sec. III.— For the best pen of five shearling ewes, Zt , to 

 Colonel La Touche, Luggelaw, Newtown Mount Kennedy. 



CLASS K.— BLACK-FACED SHEEP. 



Sec. L— For the b»st thearling ram, 6L, to William Tod, 

 Elphinstone Tower, Tranent. 



Sec. II.— For the best ram of any other age, 3Z., to William 

 Tod, Elphinstone Tower, Tranent. For the best ram in the 

 above classes, the medal, to Frederick F. Hamilton, Windmil 

 Farm, Edenderry. 



Extra.— J. O. G. Pollock, Mountainstown, Navan, a pen o 

 five Leicester ewes, 21. Jam^s Douglas, Athelstaneford, Drem 

 Scotland, a pen ot three Leicester three and four shear ewes 

 three and four years old, U. 



CLASS L.— SWINE. 



Sec. I.— For the best boar, under 18 mon'hs old, 1M,, to 

 Thomas Skilling, Queen's College, Gal way ; ^d, fit, to II. 

 Stanley M'Clintock, Handalstown, for a Berkshire boar. 



Sec. II.— For the best boar, over 18 months, and under 

 36 months old, Bl , to Alexander Montgomery, Kilmer House 

 Ballivor, Athboy, for a black Berkshire boar, large breed ; 2d 

 4k, to Henry Flood, Viewmount, Bagnalstown, for a pure-bred 

 Berkshire boar. 



Sec. III.— For the beat breeding sow, under 18 months old 

 '., to Viscount Monck, Charleville, Enniskerry, for a pure 



bred black and white Berkshire sow : 2d. ditto, 41 , to Viscount 





