THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE 



PERUVIAN GUANO. 

 /CAUTION TO AGRICULTURISTS. 



(i *j t being notorious that extensive adulterations of this 



if a\CRE are still carried on, 



HA \NTONY GIBBS N*D SONS. AS THJS 



0>'LY IMPORTERS OF PERUVIAN GUANO, 

 r niider it to be their duty to the Peruvian Government and 

 Jihe Public again to recommend Farmers and all others who 

 JL to be carefully on their guard. 



The character ot the parties from whom they purchase will 

 */«mr»e be the best security, and in addition to particular 

 Station to that point, ANTONY GIBBS and SONS think it 

 * U to remind buyers that— # 



fhc lowest wholesale price at which sound Peruvian 

 g^ano has been sold by them during the last two years 



U 91. os. I*? ton > less 2 l P er cenL 



Ajiy resales made by dealers at a lower price must therefore 

 ither leave a loss to them, or the article must be adulterated. 



*th 



to 



THE LONDON MANURE COxMPANY beg 

 offer, as under, CORN MANURE, most valuable for 

 •rinrf dressing — Concentrated Urate, Superphosphate of Lime, 

 Nitrate of Soda, Sulphate of Ammonia, Fishery and Agricul- 

 tural Salts, Gypsum, Fossil Bones, Sulphuric Acid, and every 

 Artificial Manure ; also a constant supply of English 

 jreien Linseel-cake. Peruvian Guano, guaranteed the 



other 

 and! 



ne importation ui *wlc»»i». /*. vjiuub »uu ouus, vl. lug, \i 

 W. 5$. in quantities of 5 tons and upwards. 



Edwakd Pd&ser, Secretary. 

 40 Bridge-street, Blackfriars, London 



ton, or 



M ANURES. — The following Manures are manu- 

 factured at Mr. Lawes's Factory, Deptford Creek : 



Clover Manure, per ton £11 



Turnip Manure, do. ^ 7 



Superphosphate of Lime 7 



Sulpburic Acid and Coprolites 5 



Office, 69, King William-street, City, London. 

 K.B. Peruvian Guano, guaranteed to contain 16 per cent, of 

 Ammonia, 91. 10s. per ton ; and for 5 tons or more. 91. 5a. Der 

 ton, in dock. Sulphate of Ammonia, <fcc. 



OH ALE MANURE.— The Bituminous Shale Com- 



D pany can now SUPPLY PULViSKiSBD SHALE ASHES 

 in tacks, at 21. 10s. per ton, delivered at any station or branch 

 line of the South Western Railway, and at the Terminus, 

 Sine Elms. 



This valuable Manure is at once cheap, durable, and fer- 

 tiliiing, and will be found to be superior to all others for Grain, 

 Grass, and root crops. 



A singular property of this Manure is that it entirely prevents 

 the ravages of the fly in Turnip, It is also utterly destructive 

 of the wire- worm.' 



Orders to be addressed to the Bituminous Shale Company, 

 145, Upper Thames-street, London, where also testimonials 

 from the first agriculturists of the day may be obtained. 



Algernon Pollock, Secretary. 



Respectable Agents Wanted in the country. Reference to a 

 Country Banker or London House, required. 



TRT I FICIAL MANURES^Private instructions in 



-£*- Chemical Analysis and the mosc approved methods of 

 making Artificial Manures are given by J. C. Nesbit, F.C.S., 

 P.G.S., at the Laboratories, Scientific School, 38, Kennington- 

 lane, London. 



Analyses of Soils, Manures, Minerals, <fec, performed as 

 asual, on moderate terms. 



I DURABLE OUT-DOOR PAINT 



C A p???t N ' S ° RIGINA L ANTI-CORROSION 



r PAINT, specially patronised by the British and other 

 Governments, the Hon. East India Companv, the principal 

 Dock Companies, most public bodies, and by the Nobility, 

 Gentry, and Clergy for out-door work at their country seats 

 The Antt-CorroBion is particularly recommended as the most 

 durable out-poor Paint ever invented, for the preservation of 

 every description of Wood, Iron Stone, Brick, Compo, Cement, 



& /^ ' a8 /t be l n pr0Ved by the Poetical test of upwards 



of 60 years, and by the numerous (between 500 and 600) testi- 

 monials in its favour, and which, from the rank and station in 

 society of those who have given them, have never yet been 

 equalled by anything of the kind hitherto brought before the 

 public notice. Lists of Colours and Prices, together with a 

 Copy of the Testimonials, will be sent on application to 

 ™^ L £ EE Cakson and Son, No. 9, Great Winchester-street 

 Old Broad-street, Royal Exchange, London. No Agents.— Ail 

 orders are p arti cularly reque st ed to be sent direct. 



^THE GENERAL LAND DRAINAGE 



-*- IMPROVEMENT COMPANY. 



Henry Kee Seimer, Esq., M.P., Chairman. 

 John Villiers Shelley, Esq., Deputy Chairman. 

 Empowered by Act of Parliament to execute all works of 

 Drainage (including outfalls through adjoining estates), to 

 erect Farm Buildings, and carry out every kind of permanent 

 improvement upon estates under settlement ; to provide the 

 money or to enable the landowner to employ.his own capital, and 

 execute the works by his agents ; and to secure repayment of 

 the outlay by a charge on the property improved, spread over 

 a number of years. 



Applications to be addressed to 



.__ William Clifford, Secretary. 



Offices, 52, Parliament-street. 



553 



AND 



durations are to be seen in the progress of emigration. 

 There are few agricultural districts which can gather 

 in their harvest without the aid of some migratory 

 labour. Many have drawn their supply from Ireland 

 some from the Highlands of Scotland. But there 

 the Iotato blight has effected a revolution. The 

 population of Ireland is not so much by 2,000 000 

 as it would have been but for that mysterious vege- 

 table mania. Its cottiers clung, till of late, to their 

 miserable holdings, with a desperate fidelity. The 

 Potatoes were planted, the turf cut, the cabin was 

 locked up, the head of the family was off to the 

 English harvest— his wife and children to beg till 

 his return. With this class, emigration to the 

 United States has now become a passion. The con- 

 dition of the Celtic population of the Highlands and 

 Mes of Scotland has, moreover, become so hopeless 

 without the Potato, that the lairds are to be enabled 

 to raise money under the Lfl ' 

 that they may assist 



d Improvement Act, 

 their crofters to emigrate. 



TJOSE FOR LIQUID MANURE, Fire-engines, 



AX and agricultural purposes, made of canvass, lined and 

 coated with gutta percha ; it is about one-third the price of 

 leather or india-rubber, will convey liquids of all kinds under 

 a heavy pressure ; it is extensively used at the Government 

 public works, also by the navy, and amongst agriculturists, 

 firing universal satisfaction. Testimonials and prices may be 

 obtained of Messrs. Burgess and Key, 103, Newgate-street, sole 

 manufacturers.— London Agents: Messrs. Deane, Dray, and 

 Deane, Swan-lane ; Messrs. Tilley, Blackfriars-road.— Country 

 Agents : Messrs. Ransome and Parsons, Ipswich ; Messrs. J. 

 *nd S. Johnson, Liverpool; Messrs. Dickson. Hull: Mr. S. 

 Wilson, Agent for Scotland. 



ANTHONY'S PATENT AMERICAN CHURN 



X has obtained a Prize at every Agricultural meeting at 

 wnicn it has been exhibited; and the Proprietors have sold 

 upwards of 2000 in one year, and received from all parts of 

 iingland the highest testimonials in its favour, both as to the 

 •nort time required, the quantity and quality of the Butter 

 waa C ° Py 0f which testimonials, with prices, will be for- 

 warded on application to Burgess and Key, 103, Newgate- 

 jtreet, Sole Agents to the Proprietor. 



*0R WATERING GARDENS, DISTRIBUTING LIQUID 

 PAT , V . MANURE, BREWERS' USE, <fcc. 

 rAl&NT VULCANISED INDIA-RUBBER IIOSE-PIPES 

 TAMrc AND FLEXIBLE GAS TUBING. 



JAMES LYNE HANCOCK (sole Licensee 



T . aa -. Manufacturer, Goswell Road, London. 



Twint r imfw £ re Wel1 ada P ted for Watering Gardens, con- 

 6? T *m^ J^ nure » rackin £ Beer and Cider, for portable 

 Proof anTp.^f U P. ur P. 08e8 "*>ere » perfectly sound Water- 

 nounfure th/ m V lpe *' re ^ uired - Hot LI QUors or Acids do 

 S V , J? J they are ' tfa erefore, much used for Chemical 

 ^eDartiV,fiLi y TO 11 " 6 no oil or Messing when out of use ; 

 ^nrivn.^F y i' Ult i? ble 1 for Fire Engines? and are found ex-' 

 Water tc f Baths l ^ wem ^-houses foY conveying Hot or Cold 



Ma T nufSrj! 18 aQd ' prices ma J be ha <* on application to the 



Ro^?7eTg Ul anH iS R d lD t ia Rubber Garden Hose ' fi "ed up with 



*o attach to Sumn. P Jt? Ch V co PP lete » with unioD Joints ready 

 All uJt P um P 8 or water cisterns. 



**ws, Goswe°ll R™? addre88ed t0 J ' L ' Hancock, Goswell 

 attention Road ' London, will meet with immediate 



and) 



rp*^of 



ings, Portable India- 



Kiober Boat* <ml ° , « ttUU ^ocaings, rortaoie India- 

 2£t»ft& Bath8 ' Air <*•"<>*■ and 



artte agricultural <Ba;ttte< 



SA TURD A Y, A UG UST 30, 1851 . 



MEETINGS FOB THE TWO FOLLOWING WEEKS. 

 Thuhsday, Sept. 4- Agricultural Imp. Soc. of Ireland. 

 Thubsdat, — ll-A^ricultural Imp. Soc. of Ireland. 



Whatever is to be the fate of the steam plough, 

 we are, it appears, not only to have a reaping 

 machine, but we actually have it. At the late 

 Tiptree gathering— and these have become to Essex 

 what the Holkham sheep shearings once were to 

 (Norfolk— Mr. Mechi, with that chivalrous spirit 

 which prompts him to mount the breach of every 

 agricultural novelty, submitted his unripe Wheat 

 to be experimented on by a reaping machine of 

 American invention, which has been for several 

 years in use on the other side of the Atlantic, and 

 which, on this occasion, is said to have performed its 

 work in a manner which drew forth loud cheers of 

 approbation from the farmers assembled to witness the 

 trial of it. Since then it has been at work in Kent, 

 Gloucestershire, and other counties, and it has given 

 satisfaction everywhere. That such a machine will 

 confer a great benefit on the farmer, by giving him 

 the same power in the securing of his crop which he 

 derives from the threshing mill in the preparation 

 of it for market, there can be no question; but the 

 labourer — what will its effect be on him ? The 

 same, it may be replied, which has been produced 

 by the threshing mill in superseding the flail, by 

 the plough in superseding the spade, by the spade 

 in superseding the stick or the bare hands, with 

 which the savage scratches up the edible roots 

 which the forest yields spontaneously, or the Pota- 

 toes planted by the colonist who has squatted on his 

 hunting-grounds. Reaping, like threshing, by 

 machinery, will not ultimately displace manual 

 labour; it will give it a different direction, and 

 increase the demand for it. The money saved by 

 the use of machinery on one process will be profit- 

 ably expended in employing manual labour on new 

 processes. Modern agriculture, with all the formid- 

 able array of implements which graces eur agri- 

 cultural shows, employs more hands in the cultiva- 

 tion of a given area, through the hoeing of its 

 numerous green crops and of its drilled Cereals, 

 through its chaff-cutting and its Turnip slicing, and 

 its hundreds and thousands of tons of roots carted 

 to the yard, and through the mixing and turning of 







Whether similar aid to the landowners of Ireland 

 would have prevented much of the misery which has 

 fallen on a peasantry, who could or would grow 

 nothing but Potatoes— whether it would have turr*d 

 the tide o{ Irish emigration to our own colonies - 

 whether the tide, if so turned, would have been 

 beneficial to the colonies, or the contrary, are ques- 

 tions which it is useless now to discuss ; the current 

 has fairly set in towards the United States. It 

 appears likely to flow with accelerated velocity, and 

 there can be no doubt that the Irishman has im- 

 proved his condition, by transferring himself from 

 Ireland to America. Few of them are established 

 there three months before they begin to make re- 

 mittances to enable relatives to follow them. Irish 

 emigration is beginning to tell on English harvest 

 work. Irish reapers were so much in demand last 

 year in Lincolnshire, that special trains of them were 

 sent off from Liverpool, as they landed ; and we have 

 heard of some more southern districts, in which the 

 native labourers, through the absence of these, to 

 them unwelcome, strangers, were able to exact for 

 of 



STEPHENSON 



S? °ow so weil kn^ C ° 8t l8 re , duced - These Boilers, which 

 ?°«« who have nn J"' # ! caro ? , y require description ; but to 

 *? ^rtuwrii.! f m m °P eration » prospectuses will 

 2*7 may be sWn »* i V e £ r ? nce of the highest authority ; or 



broadcast, unweeded Cereals, and the bare fallows, 

 of the good old system, with its common-fields and 

 permanent pastures. 



So sensible have the rural labourers become of 

 this truth in the more advanced districts, where 

 machinery is most used, that threshing mills and 

 drills have lost their unpopularity ; and flail thresh- 

 ing is regarded as an unpleasant and unhealthy 

 occupation, to be avoided rather than desired. The 

 fact, however, cannot be denied, that the harvest 

 month constitutes no small item in the ways and 

 means of the agricultural labourer ; with its extra 



. ,. ° • e 111- T * 



reaping prices unheard of since the concl 

 the war. In some districts there, the reaping ma- 

 chine will only replace the lost migratory labour 

 from Ireland. There are others in which the harvest 

 has not been reaped by bodies of roving Irish, but 

 by resident paupers ; districts in which the farmer 

 employs, for Turnip hoeing, hay making, and har- 

 vest, men whom he consigns to the workhouse, on 

 the approach of winter. The reaping machine, 

 which will supersede some of this pauper labour, has 

 been in some degree anticipated by the practice of 

 mowing Wheat ; while the raking, which necessarily 

 follows the mowing, has deprived the poor of the 

 popular but often misused privilege of gleaning. 

 Nothing appeared more improbable, a few years ago, 

 than an extensive emigration of the Irish cottiers, 

 who seemed immovably rooted to the soil. What 

 if the English pauper population, following their 

 example, should emigrate en masse! Emigration is 

 already more popular than it was among the labour- 

 ing classes of England, and the English population 

 exhibits a diminution in the rate of increase, com- 

 bined with the increased powers of consumption; 

 both indications of physical improvement. When 

 once the labouring classes shall have taken up spon- 

 taneous self-supporting emigration in earnest, it 

 may speedily be carried to such an extent as to exer- 

 cise a sensible influence on the rate of wages in 

 England, and to cause an approximation to the rate 

 of America and Australia. The time may not be far 

 distant, when, with all our agricultural machinery, the 

 complaint of the farmer may be of a scarcity of hands. 

 Then the problem to be solved will be, how to 

 secure to each estate a sufficiency of labour. Then 



its compost heaps, than were employed by the will cease that dismantling of cottages, which the 



owners of many close parishes are now carrying on 

 to an extent only to be paralleled by an Irish eject- 

 ment. We could point out districts ^ where the 

 labourers are driven from the country into towns, 

 from which the farmer draws all his occasional, and 

 much of his permanent labour, the men travelling 

 four and five miles to their work ; and whence grown- 

 up boys and girls are conveyed by waggon-loads, 

 under the gang system, for weeding, stone-picking, 

 and Couch gathering. If it were possible to per- 

 form all the work of the farm by machinery, it would 

 be better than such a system as this. The system 

 will cease whenever labourers in husbandry shall 

 idiiijLiy. TTiicn oiwiugumi:... ««v ... T -.-^ 1 —„ , discover that the true remedy for their grievances 



is expressed at the scanty pittance doled out to him consists in diminishing the number of competitors 

 • *•-*_*-*- •_ xi_- r ~r n~ —a 1. I f or employment, and when emigration clubs shall be 



established in every parish, to assist adventurous 



• a. ».in ill ■ **1»*. 



- London * n A ^■7 £ Co *> 61 > Gr acechurch-street, 



* n * Manufacturpr. ^ W T Park-8treet * So^hwark, Inventors 

 CUINDRI^ CONICAL and DOUBLE 



beatific Horticulttrhi f' ™P*ctfully solicit the attention of 

 •PPljing the Tani 5 ♦ t0 ! beir much im P™ved method of 

 * c -» by which i atmo7nh en? I Pineries » Propagating Houses, «*.««»•,» Wi , u 5 xxvu. wl u 4 , „™ . w «-*«*«. - ., 



•^edt any required d ^^ wages, and the reaping performed by his wife and will cease whenever labourers in husbandry shall 



toendstL^ family. When astonishment and commiseration discover that the true remedy for their grievances 



na. 



in some districts, in the form of 7s. or 8s. a-week, 

 we are told that the harvest pay is equivalent to 

 another weekly shilling. Is he to surrender this 

 boon, such aa it is, to the reaping machine, and 

 to wait with patience till further improvements 

 in cultivation have caused such an increased demand 



spirits with loans to enable them to seek their fortunes 

 in Canada and Australia, thereto become eventually 

 landowners and employers of labour. Then will those 

 labourers who remain divide, in the shape of better 



for labour as will give him an equivalent for it ? wages, some of that surplus produce (the result of 

 There are indications not to be mistaken, that he improved cultivation), of which the landowner now 

 will be reduced to no such alternative* These in- J gets the lion's share in the shape of 60$. rents, with 



