584 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



fl, titers require 



roff -orts. J 1 



Dahlias: J B L. 

 being long and of bad Mibacaoce.* 



more soil, both above aud below, than first 



SEBDLIN'G FLOWERS. ■ 



Scarcely a second-class flower, the petal! 



Calendar of Operations 



(For the ensuing week) ■ 



PLANT DEPARTMENT. 



Although cold weather may now be very 



soon 



expected, as a natural consequence of the season, we 

 would for the present, even in less favourable localities, 

 only put the more tender of our greenhouse plants under 

 cover, as we dislike crowding the houses as long as it 

 can be avoided ; and there are many plants whose 

 constitutions will allow of their being freely exposed 

 for some time longer. As a familiar instance of 

 this, we may mention the Cytisus, Acacia, &c. ; and 

 as the flowers of many such plants are valuable through 

 the winter, the continued exposure will retard their 

 season of blooming. In very cold localities, Chrysan- 

 themums b pots should be placed in a cool house, or 

 under the shelter of a wall, where they can be protected 

 by drawing down a canvas in severe weather. Many 

 plants whose wood is properly ripened may at once be 

 removed to a cool light shed facing the north, or placed 

 beneath the stage of the Geranium house ; the situation 

 should however be such, that frost can be effectually 

 excluded without entirely depriving the plants of light. 

 These will include Fuchsias, Hydrangeas, Plumbago 

 capensis, Hibiscus, Drugmansia sanguinea, Erythrina, 

 Bouvardia, Iledychium, Canna, Liliums, and a great 

 many others that have done flowering, and only require 

 protection from frost, and a moderate exposure to the 

 light. By removing these, a greater space will be 

 afforded for plants with healthy foliage. Balsams, 

 Cockscombs, and other annuals which have been 

 cultivated for decorating the plant houses during the 

 summer must give place to the winter occupants, as they 

 require the space. 



FORCING DEPARTMENT. 



Vineries.— Admit a free circulation of air through 

 these houses, and attend vigorously to the destruction 

 of insects by the ordinary appliances. Keep the atmo- 

 sphere as cool as possible, where the wood is ripe, or 

 nearly so; and in ail cases stop the growth of laterals, 

 even where a warm temperature is of necessity kept up, 

 for the purpose of ripening the crop ; as the leaves pro- 

 duced during this month cannot possibly attain a per- 

 fect development sufficiently early to repay the amount 

 of stored up sap, which they have consumed in their 

 formation. Where the fruit is not yet fully ripe, a 

 brisk temperature must be maintained, as the keeping 

 properties of the fruit depends on their being matured 



before the end of this month. Pineries Encourage 



the growth of successions by abundance of heat and 

 moisture, as long as the strength of daylight and the 

 fine autumn sun will sanction such a course. Let the 

 bottom heat range from 84° to 87°. Continue to shift 

 any that need it, or that are required to furnish the 

 necessary succession, and place them under the most 

 favourable circumstances of top and bottom heat, shade, 

 and moderate moisture, until they have begun to make 

 roots into the new soil. 



FLOWER GARDEN AND SHRUBBERIES. 



Propagating must be actively proceeded with, in order 

 to get the cuttings struck, while we have the advantage 

 of genial weather ; and that they may have the chance 

 of being fairly established before winter sets in, a strong 

 force should be kept at this work until it is completed. 

 If the cuttings are put in early, they have a much better 

 chance of striking, and have a longer time to establish 

 themselves, so that one early struck well-rooted plant 

 will go as far as two or three weakly things at planting 

 out season ; and when we consider the numbers of the 

 Utter that dwindle away during the winter, the dis- 

 advantage of delay is too obvious to need more comment 

 1 oung plants of Campanula pyramidalis, Antirrhinum' 

 and others which require a slight protection, should be 

 placed in a suitable situation. All these arrangements 

 should, as far as practicable, be completed at once, so 

 that the hands may be clear when the weather becomes 

 so severe as to render it necessary to take up and pot 

 tne old plants required for another season. To this 



Swh^?K rae \ b0XeS,p0tS ^ c - shou,(1 be Prepared, 



SKkW Z ZJt co T enceS U "»* be completed as 

 qjuckly as possible. No time should be lost in com- 

 mencing any extensive alterations or impIo^SL 



as the 



which it is proposed to carr^ ™«fc au ST 

 ground is m a much more workable state no v 'than it 



medmtely will have time to strike f resh root before 



FLOIU3TS' FLOWERS. 



cautious measures must not relav sn H *u a «„ j . P 

 • M • , , . uul reiax, ana tne same destroy. 



and placed in the little pot fo?S£Si " tl ?* d ?' 

 very efficacious, and we a're sure SBKSB 

 more effectually ensure the destruction of tbl • 

 will be gladly" adopted by our reader^ P ? "*? te 

 beds must now be Lde up for the autumn $**%"* 

 indistinct labels must be rewritten an v v^ ^ 0r 

 be filled up and it will be fou'^ 

 Pl«ts, wuh numerous bare fibres, will wqoES^bJ 



With a small hand fork stir the soil between the plants, 

 and top dress the bed with good, well-sweetened, decayed 

 leaves, and cow manure.— Get ready the soil in which 

 Carnation layers are to be wintered, have it under cover, 

 aud repeatedly hand pick it. Good rotten turfy loam, 

 with ;one-fourth Willow dust or vegetable mould, and 

 one-fourth sharp river sand, will form an excellent com- 

 post for this purpose. 



HARDY FRUIT GARDEN". 



Let the young plantations of Strawberries be well 

 attended to by stirring the soil between the plants, and 

 supplying them with plenty of liquid manure, that they 

 may continue to progress at top, and fully employ their 

 leaves in the elaboration of sap. Promote by any and 

 every means their vigorous growth now, and fine fruit 

 will be the reward next year. Alpine Strawberries 

 should be looked to, to see that they are sufficiently 

 moist, as they will soon be found useful in supplying a 

 desirable addition to the dessert. If they are in a state 

 to receive water, supply it in the shape of liquid manure. 

 Plant a few beds of young runners on a north wall for 

 another year ; soil a sandy loam, moderately enriched. 

 Look to the buds of fruit trees inserted in July and the 

 early part of August, and loosen the ties. Proceed with 

 forking dung in amongst fruit bushes and Strawberries, 

 and thereby encourage the production of roots near the 

 surface of the ground ; these will materially assist in 

 perfecting the growth of the plant, and preparing it for 

 the healthy and abundant development of fruit. Attend 

 to the gathering of fruit as it ripens ; and, if any of the 

 trees are without names, take advantage of this oppor- 

 tunity of ascertaining their true names, and marking the 

 fruit as well as the plants. 



KITCHEN GARDEN. 



If Cardoons will be required for the use of the kitchen 

 before November, a few should now be earthed. It is 

 a common practice to wind haybands round the stems, 

 to keep the soil out of the hearts of the plants ; but there 

 are several objections to the practice, and particularly 

 in very cold or wet ground. In such cases the haybands 

 unavoidably absorb moisture from the surrounding soil, 

 and are thereby decomposed, thus form ng a harbour for 

 insects, and a natural conductor, by which the frost is 

 admitted, where the object should be to exclude it. In 

 such ground, we would prefer surrounding the stem 

 with a casing of sand or fine coal ashes. In very dry 

 sandy soils the evil does not exist to so great an extent, 

 and to such ground an admixture of sand or ashes 

 would be injurious ; but where it is of a stiff clayey 

 nature, it will ameliorate the texture of the soil, besides 

 being more suitable for the preservation of the crop. 

 In any case do not allow the outer leaves to be stripped 

 off, as they are much hardier by reason of their 

 exposure, and form a natural guard to the more tender 

 leaves within. Where soil is used, let it be as dry as 

 possible, and made fine with the spade before it is 

 placed round the plant. Let any plants be taken up, 

 which, in spite of the rich manure giyen them, are begin- 

 ning to run into flower ; and as they are of no use 

 when blanched, we generally make use of them by 

 planting them in open spaces about the clumps in the 

 pleasure ground, where, if the ground is properly enriched, 

 they form very interesting and striking objects. The 

 spring sown Onions should now be taken up and laid 

 out to dry thoroughly before being strung and hung up 

 for the winter. As the weather of our autumns is so 

 very precarious, they should, if possible, be spread out 

 thinly in an open shed ; but if such a place is not at 

 command, the next best is a hard dry gravel walk, from 

 which the rain can pass freely off. Get them under 

 cover by all means, as soon as possible, but do not 

 allow them to be thick together, nor be in too great a 

 hurry to bunch them up, A quantity of Parsley should 

 now be gathered and dried ; it answers as well as the 

 green for every purpose except garnishing, and by 

 securing a supply beforehand the demand of green 

 leaves during winter is considerably diminished. Do 

 not neglect to gather in due season Ridge Cucumbers, 

 Nasturtium seeds, Radish and Bean pods, Chillies, and 

 other matters required for pickling and preserving. 



State of the Weather near London, for the week endinsr Sept. 11, 1851, ► 

 * 8 observed at the Horticultural Garden, Ciiiawick. 



Sept. 



E 

 < 



Baeometie. 



Friday.. 



Satur. .. 



Sunday . 



Mouday 

 Tu*s. .. 



SL ed * - 

 Taura... 



6 

 7 



8 



9 



10 



11 



A ▼**-*?» 



1 

 9 



lo- 

 ll 



12 



13 

 o 



15 



Max 



20.209 

 30.373 



30.443 

 30.498 

 30.46a 

 30.49J 



30.4S1 



Miu. 



30.151 

 30.296 

 30.430 

 30.465 

 30.449 

 30.457 

 30.381 



TBXriMATUBB 



Of the Air 



Max. 



: Mln. 



n 



49 



63 



44 



66 



48 



62 



42 



67 



31 



70 



33 



68 



36 



Mean 



Ot the Earth 



1 foot 2 feet 

 I deep. ' deep. 



Wind. 



58.0 



53.5 



57.0 



52.0 

 49.0 



51.5 

 52.0 



60 

 59 

 5'S 



5"4 



57 

 56 

 51 



Sept 



30-424 30 .375j_6JJM_4H 4 ' 53 2 I 57.6 



58 



N. 



.00 



68 



N.E. 



.00 



57 



E. 



.00 



57 



N.E. 



.00 



5'i* 



E. 



.00 



55 



S.E. 



00 



56 



S.E. 



.00 



56.9 





.00 









5-Pi e; Hi^htly clouded ;Tery fine; clear. 

 6-Fi- e; cioudv ; very fine; cloudy. 



i nl* ar; Y 17 * flne; f lou ' 1 7 ^4 t^e at night. 

 2~J? 7Prca,t; fine i cloudy. * 



" in p° Wr 5 Y rj fine: cl ' ar HT!d frnst 7 ^ nleht. 



I nZtSSi v^/^e Ver c y iear e ^ ^ ™ l ^ * Di * ht - 

 Mean temperatur e of the w»ek. 5 deg. b elow the average. 



State of the Weather at Chiawick, dunn* the last 25 yean, for the 

 , en»mng week, ending Srpt. 20, 1S51. ' 



s Ponclenu. 



Apricots : Philo. You mav force thpm 1 ~~— 



so continually), provided you have ViY^ lU * **. 1 

 suggestion, that they may be grown in J* 01 * s» * 

 back wall of a greenhouse mat*. a MiuJ, *fc 

 strength is in the way of forcing ** US d °3?£?.** 

 — The Nightingale and Bl 



BlBDS 



* 



questions you have put to u«, as^K *^ ^ *. 

 cages, it is quite beyond our p r , * in ce to^^S 



^w.« P . vra -jvu ucs.re. now is the proner tf. ^ — *■ 



In future, p ease communicate with M r ^^ 

 The Thrush: Anna C. You have been ^ 0Uf K r X 

 feed your bird on Fig.dust. I n th a 6 g? p M **> 

 cage, from the sour smell it produces • in th !t **»«* 

 unwholesome food. Feed ^thKniTNi 

 of bread to which add a little br^£™£^ 

 a morsel of cheese, and some soft bread and i^ 4| H 

 given now and then, will keep your bird in^M 

 course his cage must be cleansed daily if vnn «!.!?*• « 

 -happy." ^.^.-The Vieg.nian Nfiax!^ 1 ?* 

 rested Querist. We are glad that our remarks cm • ** 

 (as they have done many others), so much nlL^Tf 1 

 Henry Taylor, the gentleman we referred to as hri * 

 these interesting experiments, is, as you Burmiie ivJI? 

 of the popular treatise called the M Bee-Keeotn 1 m2? 

 You may therefore implicitly rely on any thin ?thit2ll 

 from him connected with such subjects. W AT-Ta^?" 1 

 Cap : Miss PCB. We have written you by post w £2t 

 of your inquiries ; and have, on this particular ^»?j* 

 as you have requested— selected you a bird, WemaiLk? 

 ever, notify here, once for all, that we can undenakmill; 

 |{ kind offices " of this sort. Our disposi'ion «ar unofS 

 nature truly ; but our time is precious. Verbumta, w ^ 

 The Blackbird: J WE. The same remarks we hu«iilZ 

 penned to " Anna C," about the thrush, will apply Jy 

 force to the blackbird. Give him, in addition, eTcrrmS 



then, a morsel of raw beef. W. K.— The Linnet :'fair 

 Your bird is moulting. He only requires to be kept m^ 

 and quiet, and he will soon resume his eprightlineM. $m 

 him a few bruised Hemp-6eeds twice a week for thiiqs 

 fortnight, W. K.— The Canary.: Jane L. Discontttai fc 

 Hemp-seed immediately, and discard the loaf-iogtrfe 

 gether. W.K.—EHF. Do not purchase yet, for tmft, 

 We should recommend a Yorkshire bird. T|* tWk 

 colour is not good, is true : but they are strong, nrarw, 

 and excellent soDg birds. You may safeiy 0*1 t^rt 

 I have recommended. Canary, F ax, and Kape nj, 

 are the proper food. W. K.— The Goldfinch : ispfe hi 

 a young Lird, called a " grey-pa;e." When it has ro*tt, 

 its showy colours will be fully developed. Hang bin lot.* 

 make him tame. We described his proper food incviat 

 week's paper. W. K % 



Boors : Charles L. We cannot enter into private corrapal 

 ence. For Geology, obtain De la Beetle's ne* wcrk«dt 

 subject ; for Entomology, M Kollar, on the Insert tyrim 

 to Agriculture, &c.; w for Chemistry, " Solij^i Kara, 

 Chemistry." — G M Q. Whiting's "Flower Garden* k 

 Ladies," a shilling book.J 



Degeneracy in Plants: Working Gardener. Wecamrtpw 

 the schoolmaster's trash. He ought to know better Am » 



talk such stuff. 

 Dry Rot : B O. This is very much aggravated, if not curt, 

 by want of currents of air beneath a building It a curt 

 by species of Polyporus, Paedalea, Merulius, 4c, B*rj« 

 has nothing to do with it. Corrosive sublimate pretean s 



and destroys it. w 



Fruits : J N. You must not exhibit two sorts of WW* 

 the fruit must be wholly different, to satisfy the termini 

 schedule. Grapes, Mdons, Peaches, Nectarines, AjttJ 

 Plums, Cherries, Figs, Apples, Pears, Kaspbermi, «JJ 

 berries, Ac, are distinct kinds, and you may Bboir*« 



of eigh t of them. .. ,. j« 



Greenhouses : C A L M. As far we can understand the J* 



it is needlessly costly. A double hipped ^»*™£ 

 expensive and less convenient than a span roorwiin uw* 

 ends, and it has no sort of counterbtlawg^i^ 

 Otherwise we see nothing objectionable. J M ^ a,^ 

 all stages, ugly, and not more coinm odious Hun tuo qt uu 



broad terrace* of stone work. iwuthpeortrt 



Insects : J P. The fly captuted on a Lanrdbtf » a« c^-j 



Chrysis ignita, which deposits its eggs m ^£7 

 by other hymenopterous insects ^^^^m 

 -Bridgewater. It is quite impossible to .off* W[£ 

 without seeing a specimen ot the insect, » ^ 



bling an ant," which attacks your P*™U». V £tf, 

 Cabbage.. W.-W H W. The irregular, «^^S5 

 found in the stump of an old tree, appears w w r^ ^ 

 the nest of the tree ant, Formica pubescens.^.^ 



smalfweeviii "which have devoured the grams ° ^^ 

 the Cape of Good Hope, are the Calandrao ! ^^^ 

 moths reared from the small green cate^ £ c60 «a 

 upon the berries of unripe Muscat <»"P£» ThcJlf ti 

 rubbed as not to be made out with P^»J* Oo ptf» 

 species of Tortrix, most probably the ^^ k fo V* 

 of Audouiu's memoir on the insects ^ D a ; cinieQ5 , f* 

 W.-S and N. Thanks for the winged "PJ^^^ 

 prove the insect to be a new Chinese species ^ rf 

 we will shortly take the opportunity 01 ltJNrim 

 figuring. W. — C M. The mining arva o* ^^ »* 

 leaves is most probably a Lithocolletea. " ^ ^ 

 ever, that no account of its transformation £ ^i 

 recorded. W.-C M. The white woolly ma«e r ^ 



the Beech is 'secreted by the females of a 



The e&} 



*ri: ; * 



entf 



Coccus hitherto, we believe, ^described 

 hatching, so the tree should be cleansed a . ^ f 



send us a small portion of the bark rpJzt&l*** 

 Names or Fruits : J E. Your Plum is Coopers 



Besborough. Not knowo.il gecaHnus.-**^- 



Names of Plants: Ignoramus. Bromus sees ^e** 

 Calceolaria perfoliata.-if K. TwoUch« n ^ _tt 

 Cladonia uncialis ; the smaller, c ™°*£ nX% .~l **± 

 do net undertake to name Cryptogainio P . C, MP 



Polystichum aculeatum; B, !-»»«• *",. B, %**?, 

 nium Huta-muraria ; V A. tricbornanjs ^^ ^ 



fragiiis; F, Cornus suecica. «•— ; r J^ n e ideration.^ 



A tew inquiries stand over ^ tur ^! a X^ ioi ?5fl 

 Oaks: C P f XT. A leaf- bud has been ■*>& t *»***■ 

 probably by some insect, and its scaie baVg 



consequence, and multiplied, till at ia»« ^-..'w 

 The Vteetable Marrow is attacked by tM w 



a &*' 



niUdew.^ 



i 



is so commTn^eveTywhere in the *£*™% { tbe apP^JJ^ 

 growing in a cold wet subsoil.Jn all P^ffpfiif^ 



Peach Trees : A B. Your trees 



In such cases 



Sept. 



Sunday 14 



Moa 15 

 Tuet. lfi 



Thura. 18 

 Fnday 19 

 Satur. 20 



be * .: 



70.4 

 6«.9 

 68.2 

 68.8 

 66.0 



6«.9 

 66 9 





47.0 



46.2 

 4?^ 



47.1 

 44.6 



45.7 

 4».C 



5 3 



58.7 



5 '.-... 



580 

 57.9 

 55 ..*i 



563 

 56.0 I 



No. of 



T^are in 



which it 



Rained. 



12 

 12 

 10 



10 

 12 

 11 

 1] 



Greatest 



Quantity 

 of Rain. 



PreTailinjr Winds. 



0.34 la. 



0.63 

 0.50 



0.76 

 0.60 

 0.45 



are out of tbe prepared soil 

 to concrete the border. 

 Potatoes : J 



disease. Buy — . - . as w - 



directions exactly, and you will na « e yo u 



as can be procured. It does not niauer c|fC( 



b prepareu son. *•* - — , >£+ 



ae border. .pcuritv «•*?* & 



Xtollard. There is no aec on /^ faUowJ 

 ay Mr. Cuthiir. pamphlet, ^ 





seed from,' it will be diseased ail the . ea ^ lt 



are favourable. Plant your rotten 1 <£ ^ yoa tfiH ■• 

 as seed, by way of experiment, a*" 1 j& 



good crop. . . 80 il of J ottr .J ffli 



STaAWBEaans : Clapham. If the natural ^^ taifc^ 



is too light for Strawberries, >ou ^ ^r *^J5? 



&a^;s« « 



cannot do better than make the Deo 

 half good fresh loam and half garden *w 



will then be successful. { — .♦imi are 



Mxsc. : A B. Both the plants yon mention 



We P rel 



