59G 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONIC 



Spuria ia-'uioans, Tode ; and I H^dersonia mu**lis ; 



Berkeley and Broome. Tympanis saligna scarcely 

 differs from a Lichen, except in the total absence of a 

 crust, and consequently of gonidia. Its apothecia are 

 at first closed, but at a later period of growth, the 

 fructifying disc or hymenium is exposed. On tne same 

 twig, in this instance of the common Privet, some speci- 

 mens exhibited all the characters of Tympanis, and 

 others those of Diplodia. As long as the naked spores 

 occurred only in specimens in which the disc was not 

 expanded, this caused no surprise as nothing is more 

 common than to find Spuria and Diplodia on the same 

 matrix, which cannot be distinguished externally, but 

 further examination exhibited the proper fructification 

 of Diplodia in specimens with an open disc, a character 

 quite at variance with that of the genus, and then the 

 same hymenium was detected producing rather large 

 uniseptate naked spores, and broad elongated ^ asci 

 exci ling them many times in length and containing a 

 multitude of minute oblong sporidia. Prof. Fries, in a 

 letter lately received, informs us that he has observed a 

 similar fact in m Hendersonia Syringse." The cireum- 

 gtaaee of the constant or occasional occurrence of 

 Uredo and Puccinia, Uredo and Aregma, Uredo and 

 Xenodochus, or two species of the same genus in the 

 same spot, may be adduced as analagous ; but where 

 there is no peritheeium,theoccurrence of two species on 

 the same spot, of the same matrix, is not. matter of so 

 much surprise, though suggestive of further consideration. 

 The case, however, of Sphreria in^uinans, which we 

 have now to bring forward, is still stronger. This 

 species and Stilbospora macrosperma were extremly 

 abundant on an old Elm at Batheaston, in January last. 

 Not only were they so intermixed as to make it difficult — 

 from the close resemblance of the fruit, that of the one 

 being merely a little more elongated, and in a very 

 slight decree more attenuated at either extremity, with 

 rather a browner tinge— to say at once which was the 

 Sphseria, which the Stilbospora ; but the same orifice 

 in the back gave egress both to the sporidia of the one 

 and the spores of the other. At the base of the spores 

 of the Stilbospora, where, seated on their sporophores, 

 from one to three short sheaths were observed, as if the 

 spore had burst through one or more enveloping mem- 

 branes; but not only was the Stilbospora produced in 

 the same portion of the bark as the Sphseria, or, 

 perhaps, to speak more correctly, in the same stroma ; 

 but in one case it was actually developed on the external 

 surface of a perithecium, the inner surface giving rise to 

 perfect asci, with their proper sporidia. In a certain stage 

 of growth the sporidia of the Sphseria are furnished at either 

 extremity with a cirrhiform appendage, but this is not 

 always visible in the ejected mass which surrounds the 

 common orifice of the perithecia. Analogous appendages 

 occur In some other species. The third case to whtch 

 we invite attention is Hendersonia mutabilis, a species 

 which occurs on twigs of Plane. The main perithecium 

 contains one or more cavities,more or less isolated, which 

 produce far smaller hyaline bodies, and which do not 

 accord with the genus Hendersonia, but rather with 

 Phoma. This is not indeed a case bearing upon the 

 conversion of asci into spores, but is interesting as 

 exhibiting one perithecium within another ; and whether 

 considered as a new cell developed within the old one, 

 and consequently containing younger spores, a view at 

 first adopted, but which, on mature consideration, seems 

 scarcely tenable : or as two forms of spores both belong- 

 ing to the same species, but produced in distinct cavi- 

 ties : or, finally, as two genera united within the same 

 common receptacle is full of interest. We are not 

 prepared, as in the last case, to say that the same wall 

 from its two sides produces different forms of fruit, though 

 m some sections the two fertile surfaces are so confluent 

 above, that it is very probable that the same fact will 

 be found to obtain here also. These instances certainly 

 seem to indicate rather a transformation of organs than 

 any totally distinct productions, a view indeed which is 

 not at variance with the possibility of the transformed 

 organs, being an indication of sexual functions, if we may j 

 be allowed to form any inference from known analogies 

 m the animal world. Dr. Hooker, when examininsAhe 

 fruit of Lammar.se on his return from the antarctic 

 expedition, felt convinced of the possibility of the trans- 

 location of an ascus into a spore, a view entertained lon 2 



in D F\n y / ft r ?f ^ Whic j i8su PP or ted by those instances 

 m Fungi and Lichens, where a single spore only is deve- 

 loped in an ascus. The difference in th* JJJ™< 



orus 



in the 



differencejn the analysis of 



***** ounces w aturelles," and by Df HooW 



sporidia, the latter moniliform thread, ^^"25 

 spores. In earlier times the analysis of one idCe 

 been pronounced erroneous, but the present a"e w.Ih 



reSsluch Z qnmtl ? * greater measure of di ^™l 

 regards such discrepancies as calls to further invest^ 



»££ tffffil En'th k ? s - for the = - 



At the conclusion of thtl P er Dr rT^' 

 made some remarks on h hZ TlSl h P , ^^ 

 the reproductive cells of AlgiTo ^m, f **"?? 

 aecessitv of further invention o^Z"? ** 



n k R F£ DS F0R T[lE UlLUON 



«? B. 8. WtLlIAMS tfr. to C. B. W 4 » M .. p „ „ 4J ~ 



Cu*u TE Hot md D.mp.-Pu^H. ***£«. 



WITH MOSS. 



i 



No. X VI. 



Hordes 'on. 



in Baskets, 



Dendrobium Cambndgeanwn.— This 

 fcn India, flowers in March and An, 



is 



a deep orange. It will succeed on a block, but it does 

 best in a basket, filled with sphagnum and potsherds, 

 suspended from the roof with plenty of heat and mois- 

 ture during the growing season ; afterwards it should 

 be kept nearly dry and cool : the flowers last about 



two weeks. ... 



Dendrobium macrophyllum, from the Philippine 



Islands, with fine large pink flowers tinged with purple ; 

 blooms from February to May. It will thrive on a 

 block, but it does best in a basket, in moss and potsherds ; 

 it likes plenty of heat and moisture during the growing 

 season ; afterwards it may be kept cool and nearly dry : 

 it last about ten days in perfection. 



Dendrobium monih'forme, comes from China ; it blooms 

 from February to May. It likes plenty of heat and 

 moisture during the growing season ; afterwards it 

 should be kept much cooler and rather dry : it remains 



three weeks in beauty. 



Dendrobium Devonianum. — A splendid plant from 

 India ; thrives well in a basket, with moss and potsherds, 

 suspended from the roof, where there is plenty of heat 

 and moisture ; it flowers in May and June. 



Dendrobium Gibsonianum 9 from India, flowers in 

 September ; the sepals and petals are rich orange, the 

 lip bright yellow, with two dark spots on the upper part. 

 It grows well in a basket, with moss and potsherds, with 

 plenty of heat and moisture during the growing season ; 

 the flowers remain long in perfection. 



Dendrobium sanguinolentum. — This fine Indian species 

 flowers from June to September ; it likes plenty of heat 

 and moisture when it is making its growth. It will keep 

 in blossom for two or three months. 



Dendrobium Pierardi (latifolium) . — India; it flowers 

 in April and May ; the blossoms are white. A basket, 

 with moss and potsherds, suspended, where there is a 

 good supply of heat and moisture during the growing 

 season, suits it perfectly ; afterwards it should be kept 

 less moist. The blossoms remain about two weeks in 

 perfection* 



Dendrobium fimbriatum blooms in March and April ; 

 the flowers are a rich yellow, the lip being beauti- 

 fully fringed. It succeeds best in a basket, with moss 

 and potsherds, and it should have plenty of heat and 

 moisture during the growing season. It seldom lasts 

 more than four days in flower. 



Dendrobium Dalhousieanum. — This beautiful Indian 

 species flowers in April and May ; the blossoms are 

 large, of a pale lemon colour, with a pink margin, and 

 two dark blood-coloured spots in the centre. It succeeds 

 well in a basket with moss and potsherds. The flowers 

 last but a short time in beauty. 



Dendrobium formosum flowers in August and Sep- 

 tember. The blossoms are fine white, with a bright 

 yellow centre, and they will last six weeks in perfection, 

 if they are kept dry. It succeeds best in a wooden 

 basket, with sphagnum moss and potsherds, suspended 

 from the roof. It likes plenty of heat and moisture in 

 the growing season, afterwards it should be placed at 

 the cooler end of the house, and receive less moisture ; 

 this kind of treatment applies to all the following 

 Dendrobes. 



Dendrobium nobile. — This esteemed species flowers 

 from February to May. Its flowers will last three or 

 four weeks in beauty, if they are kept dry. 



^ Dendrobium Wallichianum.— This beautiful Indian 

 kind has darker and even finer flowers than those of 

 nobile ; it blossoms from March to May. It likes plenty 

 of heat and moisture in the growing season, but after- 

 wards a dry cool house suits it best. Its flowers remain 

 four r r five weeks in perfection. 



Dendrobium Paxtoni is a charming species from 

 India. It blossoms in May, and its flowers are of a 

 beautiful orange colour, with a dark centre, 

 last two weeks in bloom, and 

 when it has ceased to grow. 

 Dendrobium chrysanthum .• 



It will 

 should be kept rather dry 



„ „_ - -An Indian species which 



flowers at different times of the year. The colour is 

 deep yellow, with a dark red sp(ft on the lip ; and it 

 remains two weeks in perfection. Keep it all the grow, 

 mg season in heat, afterwards let it be cool. 



. ! the P^nhnTl^: 



summer visitors-some of th*m • J***** 

 taken their leave-** ™n ^ m »*** g 



to them only ; and offer a f^TZ" P*** £* 



irv »tJon, % 



tribes as are at li berty, oTto \\ZTT X in »* T 

 ment. I propose also ' to IT wh *h ^ & 



migratory feelings, 



nher 



Swallow. 



hal 



"Mtna 



its. p 



i. 



to exist an unde^taSgVXtK^'.S 

 accord they assemble, or at a X S" T ' " 

 Just now they may be seen\ 0Ve £ ^S 

 between Chiswick and Richmond In g ° Ver *I 



the palms of Africa, or the Orange^?^ 



" — Toss'd wide around, 



Oer the calm 8ky, in convolution swiff 

 The feather'd eddy floats* rHoini« % 

 'Ere t , their ninte'r slumbe^C?^ 

 In caters clung, beneath the miu^ 



Or rather. 



caTeru 



-\nto warmer climes ™n„ ,1 

 With other kindred birds o Tea.on S d 

 They twitter cheerful, .ill the ^1^. 

 Invite them welcome back." m ° Qtbl 



to direct 



u 



all young birds are under the disposition £L 

 of the older ones ; and that if youn* biZ ^ 

 living here, they would for want of a cond^J 

 This view is absurdly incorrect. All persons *?" 

 given the subject anything like attention, m J£ * 

 that birds of passage in particular act from an'irrLi* 

 impulse at certain seasons. Whether Nature 

 upon their brain in any particular manner or T 

 difficult to say ; but true to their time, eveiybiiii 

 or old, would decamp with unerring presci«ce?l 

 change of quarters, however distant. It isi^j 

 provision of Nature to endow all these lhfc? 

 visitors with such wonderful powers of locontfa 



them so instinctively in %eir&J 

 imagine there are very few indeed lost by the i^L 

 it be from illness or other natural causes • iiuj 

 see, year by year, the return of certain biriifc] 

 former haunts, the "principle" I advocate w*\ 

 correct As with the u passenger pigeon," tli©^ 

 seem to exist in all migratory birds, the \rila( 

 power to travel to any particular part of the tail- ^ 

 where their inclination leads tltem % thither do they fcj 



I have spoken as yet of the swallow tribe onl t Mfc 

 from their large multitudes, being so promineDtljl^ 

 the eye. But the same unerring instinct, &* 

 desire to depart, inhabits equally the breastof** 

 migratory bird. The smaller and weaker tribes iq 

 like the swallow, disappear at once. The nigfeta^ 

 blackcap, garden warbler, whitethroat, andothers,ta* 

 through our gardens and orchards at an easy rate, ti 

 they reach the coast. Here they wait for a mild, pi 

 day, and then cross the Channel at their Jekire. Hw? 

 thoroughly moulted in this country, and had plectji 

 time to renew their strength, their powers of ta» 

 tion are, at the time of their final departure, p 

 adequate for the effort. Once across, by essy ftp 

 they gain access to their new quarters. Wtai 

 winds blow heavily, some of these little fellows are a» 

 sionally obliged to take refuge in the rigging of m 

 at sea. Here they tarry until the weather mita* 

 they then renew their flight. 



Connected with the subject of instinct, we hart «w 



■ nl iimal ■»■■ twatt mi tinn« fn mol-o en mftYlV TlflV 



No. XLVI. 



BRITISH SONG BIRDS. 



(Cage Birds, No. 30.) 



tj i . -~ The J i ear is now fair, y in its decline, 



ihe harvest is over, the barns are well filled, and Nature 



wears a face that it is truly lovely to look upon. The heat 



w/ bated ;i v \ Wind3 haVe beeri heard -h-thng 

 loudly in he h.gh trees, the heavy foliage has bent 



\?Zt If" blast Y and ;.P ar ted from their parent branches, 

 leaves of every hue he scattered on the ground. Yet 

 » the weather gloriously fine ; and should winter but 



w\l7 8 ?Tw h °T f ring ' ™«*««» autu mn ,-then 

 II * be recorded as an "Annus Mirabilis" indeed ! 

 As for the season of Autumn, in which we are now 



Z are g 'wUh K it 0ld f "»** l — bersL^ingTo 

 compare with t. As a queen she came in ; as a Queen 



she reigns, and carries happiness in her train 1 q 



" ! h !, t , Urn !, wi ! h the ?te P •* a^gal invader 

 And tre«d, the fa.r garden. w Lre ^nCer h 88 strav'd -» 



Yet is her gentle step so modest withal and L,. 



read so fairly-like, that she exacts and recedes wllliS 



homage from all her loving subjects, whUe ^ he S SS 



blessings on them at every turn : 



onwards, will be a most pleasing one. Wean* 

 of the undivided attention of a large and dailyiw^ 

 auditory. Thus encouraged, we will try to m* 

 nice difference between " instinct" and "wj * 

 easy matter this, truly ; but an inquiring miwMjf 

 beset by difficulties, never recognises the uglj**. 

 " impossibility." It unfortunately still holdaapw 

 our modern dictionaries ; but the sooner it is e% 

 the better will it be for the world at large. "» 

 Kidd. 



«s t; h P y s m o;r tttt z r ^s i ourt amongst 



forgetting our little friends^Ihe 1^. " ^ "* 



Home Correspondence. 



Pmninr, Forest Trees.— I have been some* . 

 prised to find in a late Number, the old .m> 

 « forest tree pruning" revived. I had concj* 

 was quite set at rest, since all its former «i ^ 

 far as I know) seemed to have been ^"fju 

 convinced of their error I cannot tell, W* , 

 not. I have not teen Mr. G. L.'s }™tof* 

 would seem, from the communication oi . 

 recent correspondent " Expertus,' that do ^ 

 and himself take it for granted that « prW », . . 

 proper, and differ only as to the mode in »" ^ 

 be performed ; or whether snagging or c» ^ 

 preferable. Now the best advice that n» k 

 to both your correspondents, is precise y ^^ 

 given the latter, viz., " prune not at «'• ^ 



due deference to « Expertus," I beg to •»» ^ 

 however the face of a close cut wound JJ"^^ 

 metically sealed," when covered with n ^ * , 

 is in reality no union. Suppose a tree , tna . 

 by close cutting 30 years ago, and the cu ^t 

 inches in diameter), were sawn into ^ ar d „' cfit ,it«* 

 passing close by the " hermetically sea ^n 

 be found just as it was when the sea. b r^. 

 completed, r To be sure. 1 I ehonW " h ^ px4ffl |i* 





still hanker after " pruning, to u 

 its effects in the museum at Kew, 

 its effects on the timber,— how systema 1 



a n,nt« unother branch ot «" 



this refer* nj 

 • " prun ,D » u 



on grow 



