

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



611 



rrnE 



r:'mqdom. on orders of hi. and upward*. 

 *^^ ROYAL NURSERY. 

 SUBSCRIBERS have much pleasure 



in 



.-attaiUy sirens and healt 

 •at at th« following prices 



i** C ^ Alfcl m 2 ft , 42*. do. 



■» tf fine specimens, 3 ft., 21s. each. 



n'lIS DBODA.KA, 14 to 2 ft., stout and fine, t4*. per doz. 



•^ „ 24 to 3 ft., „ „ AS* do. 



M*cn»cies of the most ornamental, rare, and hardy 

 " § P e ™ CONIFERS for 51. 



„ „ without buds, 24*. per doz. 



rgiCA$ * nd ^P ACRTS » l>e8t 80rt8 for aatuinn and winter 



iaweriDf, 1**- P er d"*. 

 Bit ia5 THE MT MS, newest and best kind?, fine bushy 



— in 5-inch pots, for blooming this season, 12s. per doz. 



Lilipurian varieties of 1349 1800, and 



w 1851. 9* . 12$.. and 18a. per doz. 



CARNATIONS, PICOTEES, AND PINKS. 



• § • 



• • • 



• • « 



"i 



• - • 



• * m 



• * i 



... £5 0*. 

 2 10 

 8 



iz. to 1 10 

 12 

 2 

 12t., to 18*. per 



do. 

 do. 

 £1 



* • • 



- . t 



• « ■ 



. . • 



aei Picotees 

 tt«glri oo. do. 



5 St of very fine show varieties of do. 



Tjpttri " do - do. do. 



ffet mixed border do.— per dozen pairs ... 



ftttold Ck»*©— per paii' ■•• 



"pflffcS, finest first-class show flowers, 



mt pairs. 



fAN SI ES.— Extra fine first-class show flowers, 105. to I85. 



fSrlottn. 

 FASCY flRR AXIUMS. of best sorts, 9*. to 18* p«»r dozen. 



SELECT GREENHOUSE PLANTS 



Cm b* supplied in quantities at the following prices : 

 JJ Terr tins Greenhouse Plants £(V 18 



9Mn ••» ■•• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• " ^^ 



JS Ditto ... ••• ••• ..t ... ... ... ... * iu 



CAHTIUDEPEVDRNS 2*. 6d. each 



BERBERI3DARWIN1I ... 5 



HYACINTHS. 



ftl totit imported, for Glasses or forcing, 6s.,9$.,& 12$.,p.doz. 



STRAWBERRIES. 



The following are warranted true to name. 



Per 100-5. d. 

 Keens' Seedling 3 6 



La Liegoise 3 6 



Martham Seedling, fine 

 and early 5 





 

 



» 



... 



*•• 



liftoeWhi 

 Red 

 Jtotri an Scarlet.. . 



frroiina 



,, round white 

 ante de Paris ... 

 C«ttl,or>irG.Mackenz 

 Utorcariet 



rft Black Prince 

 ton 



titaPh 



NWMI 



frwtEod Scarlet 

 Super 1 ! Seedling 



Iiatfxas (prolific) 



„ fertilised 

 large flat 



Per 100-5. d 



• • • 



• • • 



- . - 



* * * 



3 

 3 

 3 

 5 

 5 



6 

 6 

 6 

 

 9 



• •t 



« •• 



• • * 



• • • 



• • • 



• * 



• • • 



• • t 



* * • 



• • • 



* ■ • 



• * « 



■ - • 



3 

 5 

 5 

 3 

 7 

 3 

 3 

 5 

 5 

 & 



6 

 

 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 

 

 



Mjratt's Eleanor ... 

 ,. Globe 



. . . 



. . . 



11 

 11 

 11 



i» 



5 



5 



British Queen ... 3 



. . . 



- 1 • 



Pine-apple 

 Eliza 

 Prolific 

 ,, Mammoth 



Princess Alice 



Roseberry ... 



,, black 



Royal Pine, tine 



... 



• • • 



B 



3 



3 

 5 

 3 

 3 

 5 

 5 



Swainston'sSeedlingPine 8 

 Turner's Pine 5 



« • * 



• t • 



• . . 



• • • 



• • • 



Icjtirtones carefully packed to ensure safe transmission. 



iSTlLL and Co.. Rnval Xursfirv. flrpftt Ynrnrmuth 





 





 6 

 

 6 

 6 

 

 6 

 6 





 

 fi 

 



ftie<5arTretter«eT Chronicle* 



SATURDA Y, SEPTEMBER 27, 1851. 



MKVrmO F<)K THE ENSUINO WEEK. 

 Cooktkt SHOw.-Tue«d»jf, Sept. 80: Slough Dahlia. 



We should hope that Potato growers are by this 

 fime satisfied of two things — that there is no security 

 whatever against disease, and that the best remedy 

 when the disease arrives is to pull up the haulm. 



■It Seems Drohfthlft that. ihe> lnea in iha nroaonf 



>n will not be less in proportion in the south of 

 ■pand than in 1845 and 1846, although the season 

 ■* been as dry, and at the same time cool as it is 

 J» likely to be in this country. Since the beginning 

 August we have had a succession of the finest 

 wrest weather, interrupted by one or two heavy 

 JJ*™ onl y i and yet, now that Potatoes planted 

 Wh the utmost care are lifted, there are many hills 

 awnich there is not more than one or two sound 

 Jjers, although the ground is filled with the pro- 

 ■»• In common field land, or in heavy clay, or 



a arrows of decayed leaves, whether set in autumn 

 Jin e ar i y 8pnngj u {g much the game _ ^ dcstruc _ 



■« is enormous. Luckily we no longer rely upon 



^ I otato as we once did. 



Among those which we have had the opportunity 

 ««nimng, there is, as usual, much difference in 



J» amount of disease in different sorts. One of 



lest^u a l kind ca11ed the Chinese, planted in 

 ^-moaid. on thoroughly drained land, in January 



Wkko « o ree in four are rotten - 0ne of the 

 4e Jl KllS! "an," planted at the same time, in 



ri ame banner, not mors t n! ,n ft «^.fc«»i, t-iZ. 1«a 



*r. Cut 



The best of all is a sort received from 





ite .__.. "«■ m October, 1850, with the following 



W»hi PO k-V and 2 ^ the same sort 5 a lat e 

 ** 1 thf , Ald l ne y' ver 7 mea 'y and prolific. On 

 N •) l naa 'm was allowed to grow until ripe. 



nrn„ , cut down Jul y 27th 5 the two ba gs are 



2»J C t°! ten P lants - No - 1 wei g hed 12Ubs.; 



«moval Af g .? (l , 10lbs -* bein S a loss of 2 ^ lbs ' h Y the 



*» vet naulm. No. 2 is not near so mealy, 



™movir!a go ? d in flavour as No - L The ob J ect iu 

 Uid J* T h , aulin off every alternate root, which 



*• Km alIow the air free circulation amongst 



auted JP 1 rem ^ rk able that of these two samples 



M J , - y side on the 7th of October, 18 >, 

 > °a which the diseased haulm had been lpft. 



was a good deal diseased, while No. 2. from which 



the haulm had been removed, was almost uholh 

 sound. This looks as if the seeds of the disease 

 had been communicated to No. 1 by the haulm and 

 then to its produce, when the time came. 



We would also observe that the very ground in 

 which all this disease has now shown itself, to the 

 destruction of most of the crop, was also attacked in 

 1850, but yielded a lot of good sound Potatoes. 

 There was this difference however between the two 

 years, that in 1850 the haulm wa< pulled up as 

 soon as the disease appeared, while in 1851 the 

 haulm was allowed to remain undisturbed, for the 

 express purpose of seeing the result. We can there- 

 fore draw no other conclusion than that the removal 

 of the haulm gives the only real chance of stopping 

 the Potato disease, and that it is better to sacrifice 

 a part of the crop, if necetiary, by destroying the 

 stems and leaves, than by preserving them to obtain 

 a large bulk of diseased and worthless produce. 



Under the present favourable aspect of the manu- 

 facture of Flax, and the bright hopes which have 

 been excited by the important discoveries that 

 have lately been made in every stage of its prepara- 

 tion, from the green stalk to the beautiful silky or 

 cotton-like fibre ready for the wheel, everv thing 

 connected with the growth of the plant assumes a 

 degree of consequence which it did not possess 

 before. A few black spots upon the stems, and 

 capable of resisting the ordinary mode of maceration, 

 which, under other circumstances, might have 

 escaped notice, command at once our attentive 

 examination. 



Just before the commencement of summer last 

 year, the Flax stems in the neighbourhood of 

 Cobham were observed by Miss Moles worts to be 

 infested by fungoid spots, which were at first of a 

 dark red brown inclining in parts to orange, and in 

 age acquiring so dark a shade as to appear black. 

 Much attention does not seem to have been paid to 

 them then, but when during the present year the 

 Flax underwent the operation of steeping, the stem- 

 though the external layers of cells had perished, 

 came out still covered with dark swollen patches, 

 which peeled off, together with the Flax fibres, 



art shorter a ! m<> • num >us, i II v 



both re upon a delicate minutely divided cellular 



r.itum, which forms a sort of stroma. There is not 

 a trace of the original structure, and On Flax cells 

 upon which they rest are only so it afected that 

 the walls of their narrow cavity are tinged with 

 brown, and minutely granular; "Therefore, though 

 the spots, by reason of their compact structure, and 

 the induration of the walls of the cells, in conse- 

 quence, probably, of some chemical change v ich 

 has taken place in their constituent parts, resist 

 completely the operation of st -pins ; and though 

 they are firmly attached to the Flax fibres, yet, not 

 being intimately connected with them, or imparting 

 to any serious extent their peculiar quality, the Flax 

 separates perfectly from them when heckled, and 

 there is merely left a yellowish tinge on the threads, 

 as far as the spots extended ; and though this change 

 of colour does arise from the diseased tissues seated 



o*§or 





Fig. 1. 



1 



Fig. 2. 



Fig. 3. 



after the woody portion was separated. The pro- 

 duction, on being submitted to us by Prof. IIrnslow 

 for determination, proved to be one of those anoma- 

 lous bodies which are referred by authors to Sclero- 

 tium, and which are. in fact, mere states of certain 

 fungi whieh have not gone through their normal 

 stages of development. The present is undoubtedly 

 what Fries calls Sclerotium hcrbarum, and is refer- 

 able to that form wEich is described by Ehuenbkrg 

 as Xyloma Lint. This and other similar produc- 

 tions are, we doubt not, mere conditions of several 

 species of Uredo ; and the present, if fully deve- 

 loped, would probably prove Uredo Linu_ 



The question, however, of interest at present, is, 

 how does it affect the fibres, which are the valu- 

 able part of the Flax plant ? The process of steeping 

 is intended not only to separate these from the wood, 

 but also to destroy the parenchym, which, if present, 

 would prevent the effective heckling of the Flax. 

 The impression at first would be, from the appear- 

 ance of the stems when taken from the steeping pool, 

 that the fibres would be most seriously affected. 

 This, however, does not seem to be the case, except 

 to a comparatively small degree. A section made 

 through the spots when the plant is fresh exhibits 

 a total derangement of structure in the layers of 

 cells external to the Flax fibres. In the plant these 

 consist of several layers of short horizontal cells, 

 varying according to their position if* the degree of 

 constriction of the articulations, and containing 

 chlorophyl, or a mass of colourless matter. In the 

 dark spots, however, the cells are, for the most part, 

 vertical : those in the centre of the mass being 



above them, the tenacity does not seem to be less 

 in those parts than in the others, nor does the thick- 

 ness of the fibres suffer there any change. Occa- 

 sionally, but rarely, instead of a yellow spot being 

 left alter the diseased tissues 1 vo been removed 

 the B] t is white, which probably would indicate 

 some more serious derangement, if not the death of 

 the blanched portions. We have not, however, 

 had sufficient materials before us to come to any 

 safe conclu> -n on the matter. We have represented 

 in our figures transverse and longitudinal vertical 

 actions ( Figs. 1 and 8) of the spots in situ, show ing 

 hat they are quite distinct from the Flai celU 

 together with a longitudinal section of the r 

 external to the wood in the healthy plant (Fig, 3). 



M. X B. 



When not growing it 



greatly elongated, while towards the thin edges they 



ORCHIDS FOR Till: MILLION.— NO. XVTt 



By B. S. Williams, pr. to C. B. Wibnek. K«q., Il'irtdesdon. 



Climate Hot am) Damp. — Plants Grown in Baskets 



with Moss. 



Maxilla ri a f nut '/folia, from Mexico, flowers in April 

 and May. It succc is best in a basket with moss, sus- 

 pended from the roof of the house, where plenty of heat 



and moisture can be maintained daring the growing 

 season : it lasts in perfection three or lour weeks. 



Ft "nit open insignia. — This fine Brazilian Orchid 

 flowers in June and July. It will thrive in a basket 

 with moss and small potsherds. 

 | should be kept cool ; it remains only a short time in 



flower. 



StanhCf d tiffrina* — This handsom* species, which 

 comes from Mexico, flowers from July to September ; 

 the blossoms are very large, pale yellow, barred and 

 blotched with dull purplish brown. It docs best in a 

 basket in moss and small potsherds ; it lasts but a short 

 time in perfection. 



St pf" grandiflorG, comes from Trinidad. It 

 flowers at different times of the year. The blossoms are 

 white, and very large. It likes a good supply of heat 

 and moisture while growing ; afterwards it should be put 

 at the coolest end of the house, and should be kept rather 

 dry. 



Stanhopect Dcroniana, flowers from July to Septem- 

 ber. Like the preceding, it should be grown in a basket 

 with moss, and it requires similar treatment. The flowers 

 remain three days in perfection. 



Stanhopea ocuiata, comes from Mexico, and flowers 

 from July to September. The blossoms remain in beauty 

 three days. 



Stanhopea Wardii, from La Guayra ; flowers from 

 June to August ; it remains but two or three days in 

 perfection. 



Stanhopea tigrina htfC9cens.~-Thh is a fine variety 

 from Guatemala ; the flowers are brilliant yellow, in- 

 clining to orange, and are larger and handsomer than 

 those of any other kind. It requires the same treat- 

 ment as the former. The flowers last in perfection 



three days. 



if a 1,1 % r t fafvni. — This, which is one of the 

 most beautiful of Orchids, comes from the hotter parts 

 of India. It blossoms from May ti August. The flowers 

 are white, spotted with deep rosy purple. It likes plenty 

 of heat, light, and moisture, during the growing season. 

 When it is at rest it should have but little water. It 

 remains three or four weeks in bio 



flfoccoCaMtwa Btunm, a charming species, from Java ; 

 blossoms from May to August. The flowers, which are 

 nearly the same colour as those of the former, last a 

 long time in beauty. It requires plenty of heat, light, 

 and moisture, particularly during the growing season. 

 It need not have much rest. 



A ( rides crispum is a beautiful Indian species, which 

 flowers in May, June, and July ; the blossoms ar 

 white, and tipped with pink. It should hare a good 

 supply of heat and moisture while growing ; it will 

 remain three weeks in bloom, if the flowers, which are 

 deliciously fragrant, are kept dry. 



Aeridcs odf: ?um, from India, flow* j from May ^ 

 August : the blossoms are white, stained with pink, and 

 are very fragrant They will remain three" ks in 

 bloom. It requires plenty of heat and moisture while 

 in an active growing state. 



Aer 1 a$ne, flowers from May to July ; the blos- 

 soms are pink and purple, and they remain three or four 



weeks in perfection. It only requires a short season 

 of rest. 



Acridcs maculmi w, comes from Bombay j it is a most 



