9 — 185 



THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE 



PERUVIAN GUANO. 

 pAUTION TO AGRICULTURISTS.— 



\J It being notorious that extensive adulterations of this 



UAACRB ar* Rtill carried on, 



* ANTONY GIBBS A*D SONS. AS THE 



ONLY IMPORTERS OF PERUVIAN GUANO, 

 £0ftfider it to be their duty to the Peruvian Government and 

 to the Public ag-ain to recommend Farmers and all others who 

 bar to be carefully on their puard. 



the character of the parties from whom they purchase will 

 W coarse be the best security, and in addition to particular 

 etuntion to that point, ANTONY GIBBS and SONS think it 

 ire!l to remind buyers that — 



The lowest wholesale price at which sound Peruvian 

 Qtano has been sold by them during the last two years 

 ti 91. os. per ton, less 2\ per cent 



Any resales made by dealers at a lower price must therefore 

 either leave a 1o«h to them, or the article must he adulterated. 



MANURES. — The following Manures are manu- 

 factured at Mr. Lawes's Factory, Deptford Creek : 



Clover Manure, per ton £11 



Turnip Manure, do 7 



Superphosphate of Lime 7 



Sulphuric Acid and Coprolites 5 



Office, 69, King William-street, City, London. 

 X.B, Peruvian Guano, guaranteed to contain 16 per cent, of 

 Ammonia, dl. 10s. per ton ; and for 5 tons or more, 91. 5s. per 

 -loo, in duck. Sulphate of Ammonia, <fcc. 



^HE LONDON MANURE~COMPANY"be^to 



CHEAP AND DURABLE ROOFING. 



\7 



BY HER 

 MAJESTY'S 



ROYAL LETTERS' 



TATENT. 



they make their own bread, and thereby cheapen 

 the already low-priced loaf, " 

 very difficult to subset on 



F 



remains to them, after payin 

 viding fuel. 



northward of 



they would find it 



the balance which 



IT 



I 



their rent and pro- 



Going 



London, and regretting 



off r PERUVIAN GU ANO, warranted perfectly genuine ; 

 Superphosphate of Lime, Wheat Manure, Concentrated Urate, 

 Iriih Peat Charcoal, Gypsum, Nitrate of Soda, and every arti. 

 fcial Manure, on the best terms. Also a constant supply of 

 Silt for Agricultural purposes, at a low rate. English and 

 Toreign Linseed Cake, Rape Cake, &c. 



Edward Purser, Secretary, Bridge-street, Blackfriam. 



^ 



A RTIFICIAL MANURES— Private instructions in 



XX Chemical Analysis 9nd the mosc approved methods of 

 making Arti6cial Manures are given by J. C. Nesbit, F.C.S., 

 F.G.S., at the Laboratories, Scientific School, 33, Kennington- 

 line, London. 



Analyses of Soils, Manures, Minerals, Ac, performed as 

 usual, on moderate terms. 



AGRICULTURISTS.— All applications for Dr. 



S. Newinoton's Patent Hand and Horse Dibbles, Drills, 

 Cultivators, die, must be made, only, to Mr. Gabriel, Surrey 

 Chanibeis, Arundel-street, Strand. London. 

 Dr. S. Newinoton's Lecture on Seeding may be had gratis. 



BALLINASLOE GREAT SHEEP and HORSE 

 FAIR, Oct. 4, 6, 8, and 9. 

 The railway is NOW OPEN from DUBLIN to BALLINA- 

 SLOE. Through fares, via Chester and Holyhead (including 

 steam-boat fare :— Single Fabes. Return Tickets. 



From 1st Class. 2od Class. 1st Class. 



London £3 13 ...£i 11 £5 10 



Birmingham ... 2 14 ... 2 4 4 



Manchester ... '-> ... 1 12 3 



Liverpool or Chester 1 15 ... 1 7 2 14 



The London return tickets are available for 14 

 date of issue. Between the others stations for seven days. 



Time of journey from London to Ballinasloe, by Express 

 Trains, 18 hours. Departures from Euston Station :— 9*30 a.m. 

 Ixpress; 5*0 p.m. Express; 8*45 p.m. Mail. 





THE ASPHALTED FELT FOR ROOFING 



Houses, Farm Buildings, Shedding, Workshops, audforGardet. 

 purposes, to protect Plants fmm Frost. 



At the Great National Agricultural Shows, it is this Felt 

 which has been exhibited and obtained two Silver Medal 

 Phizes, and is the Felt solely patronised and adopted by 



Her Majesty's Woods and Forests, 

 Honourable Board <»f Ordnance, 

 Honourable East India Company, 

 Honourable Commissioners of Customs, 

 Her Maji8TT'8 Estate, Isle of Wight, 

 Royal Botanic Gardlns, Regent's Pare, 



And on the Estates of the Dukes of Sutherland, Norfolk,Uut 



land, Newcastle, Northumberland, Bu< ileucb (at Richmond), 



the late Earl Spencer, and BfeOtt of the Nobility an) Gentry 



and at the Royal Agricultcral Society's House, Hanover- 

 square. 



It is half the price of any other description of Roofing, and 

 effects a great saving ot Timber in the construction of Roofs. 

 Made to any length by 32 inches wide. 



Price One Penny per Square Foot. 



**• Samples, wiih Direc ions tor its \jm, and Testimonials 

 of seven years' experience, with references to Noblemen, G ri- 

 flemen, Architects, and Huildern, sent tree to any part ot the 

 town or country, and orders by post executed. 



$=£■ The Public is cautioned triat the only Works in London 

 or Great Rritain where the Hbove Rooting Is made, are 



F. M'NBILL and CO.'S 

 Patent Felt Manufactory, Laii.b's-buildings, Bunhill-row, 

 London, where Hoofs covered with the Felt may be seen. 



The new Vice-Chancellor's Courts, at the entrance of West- 

 minster Hall, were roofed with F. M Weill and Co's Felt about 

 two years since, under the Sur^eyon-hip of Chas. Barry, B*q., 

 R.A. Her Majesty's Commissioners of Woods and Forests are 

 so satisfied with the result that they have ordered the Com 

 mittee Rooms at the Houses of Parliament to be roofed with 

 their Felt. Quantity altogether use«i, II lOO ^ect. 



Note.— Consumers sending direct to the Factory can be sup- 

 ply d in lengths best suired to their Roofs, so that they pay tor 

 no more than they require. 



Every information atforded on the construction of Roofs, or 

 any proposed particular application of the Felt. 





that we have not opport unities of making notes 

 respecting the labourers' condition in North- 

 amptonshire, where outward appearances appeared 

 to us indicative of solid comforts, we pass on to 

 the lew favoured counties of Huntingdon and Cam- 

 bridge, where we find the rates of labour to be 

 nearly the same as those in the southern counties, 

 and the prospect of further diminution greater in the 

 districts in which the inferiority of the soil and 

 neglect or difficulty of ootnplftte drainage lender* 

 tillage impracticable (in point of economy) under 

 the existing depreciation of agricultural produce in 



Farms that are dear at from 10s. to 15* 



general. 



o 

 o 

 o 

 o 



o 



2nd CJasg. 

 £3 17 

 8 0~ 

 * 8 

 2 2 



days after 



• • • 



• •• 



■ » • 



- • t 



DURABLE OUT-DOOR PAINT. 



n ARSON'S ORIGINAL ANTI-CORROSION 



V PAINT, specially patronised by the British and other 

 Governments, the Hon. East India Company, the principal 

 Dock Companies, most public bodies, and by the Nobility, 

 -Gentry, and Clergy, for out-door work at their country seats! 

 The Anti-Corrosion is particularly recommended as the most 

 durable out-door Paint ever invented, for the preservation of 

 every description of Wood, Iron, Stone, Brick. Compo, Cement, 

 *c, work, as has been proved by the practical test ot upwaroa 

 of 60 jears, and by the numerous (between 500 and 600) testi- 

 monials in its favour, and which, from the rank and station in 

 society of those who have given them, have never yet been 

 equalled by anything of the kind hitherto brought before the 

 public notice. Lists of Colours and Prices, together with a 

 £opy of the Testimonials, will be sent on application to 

 Walter Carson and Son, No. 9, Great Winchester-street, 

 via Broad-street, Royal Exchange, London. No Agents.— All 

 orders are pa rticularly requested to be sent direct. 



tor watering gardens, distributing liquid 



PATpvt ^A NURE ' BREWERS' USE, &c. 



rAUtNT VULCANISED INDIA-RUBBER HOSE-PIPES 



TA t frc T ^_? FLEXIBLE GAS TUBING. 



JAMES LYME HANCOCK (sole Licensee 



n „ D . Manufacturer, GoBwell Road, London. 



Tuvint r « P ,!? 2* wel1 ad *P'ed for Watering Gardens, con- 

 G? A™ q Ma^re, racking Beer and Cider, for portable 

 nw ^i^ an l a11 pur P° se9 where a Perfectly sound W a er- 

 K?™^ eXlble u Flpe i9 re <^ ir *d. Hot Liquors or Acids do 

 DariwSp. . •? ; they are ' ther *fore, much used for Chemical 

 iwl!?™. i ey r e( l uir e °o oil or dressing when out of use ; 

 ■^n^?, f y , 8 . UI S b,e for Fire En g iDe s. and are found ex- 

 ^r g to SIS l ^ welli ^houses for conveying Hot or Cold 



Ma n ^iao?y al8 aQd prices ma y be had on application to the 



^oses7pT 9 Ulca ^ i8 o d India Rubb «r Garden Hose, fitted up with 

 to attach X branches complete, with union joints ready 



« ^men to pumps or water cisterns. 



artie agricultural <5a;ette 



SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 27, 1851. 



MEETINGS FOR THE TWO FOLLOWING V 1 EKS. 

 TBUfttftAl, Oct. 2 - Agrim tural Imp. Soc. of Ireland. 

 Thuhsdat, — 9 -Agricultural Imp. Soc. of I re. and. 



and) 





Ail Lett r*""F» ur water cisterns. 



*•*■. $oZ?n °p de ? a T ddr ? 88 *<* to J. L. Hancock, Goswell 

 attention e ' London » wiU meet with immediate 



Bubb^E F «H bingr B °?o and - StocW °S». Portable India- 



B *ds, made «ii .?° We . r and , S P° D S ,D & Ba 'K Air Cushion* and 

 ___^wj*™' 81 *es to order. 



S T £ HENS0N AND Co., 61, Gracechurch-street, 



*nd Mftnnfta' . 8nd 17, New Park-street, Southward Inventors 

 c YLlSDRTP C I 1 J r ^ of ^e Improved CONICAL and DOUBLE 

 •dentine it • B ^ I LERS > respectfully solicit the atten ion of 

 •Pplvin^ A: or i; cult uri8ts to their much improved method of 

 *c., hv »M J ank Sv8te m to Pineries, Propagating Houses, 

 '•^aredtn- atn >o*pnerie heat as well as bottom beat is 

 S « and Co > Dy re< ^ uired degree, without the aid of pipes or flues. 

 fr *endB thl« * a,8 ° to 8tate that at the r «q«est of numerous 

 Co PPer hv 11* u OW makin K thtir Boilers of Iron, as well as 



* re nowift. n the C ° 8t is reduced - The6e Boilers, which 

 tQ ose Wn o h7 know °» scarcely require description ; but to 



*• forward 76 DOt !? €n them in operation, prohpectu^es will 

 th ey mat h! » ? wel1 as ref erence of the highest authority ; or 

 ' J nr B erii tt 8een * l mo8t of the Ability's seats and principal 



8. aTd r £ Ughout the kin ^ don >. F F 



l7 »Sew lirir f t0 inform the Trade that at their Manufactory, 

 * f Hortirnu 8 \ ree > everv article required fur the construction 

 * obtained nr a i** 11 ^**. as wel l a *» »» heating them, may 



Conserve ^° D m0!,t advant a*f e ous terms. 

 ^WentLi 7 1 * 8, &c - of Iron or Wood » er ected on the most 

 *«acei °^ fc8lifn9 - Balconies, Palisading, Field and Garden 



Can the British labourer in the purely agricultural 

 districts live without parish support ? And if so, in 

 what degree of comfort ? And is his condition retrb- 

 gradingor progressing? These questions are interesting, 

 and yet they admit of no definite solution, as differences 

 in the scale of payment in agricultural district- are 

 so perceptible, and not very easily accounted for 

 local burdens, imperial taxation, and prices remain- 

 ing the same. The English workman cannot say 

 with the Persian maid, " East, west, north, south, 1 

 care not whither ;" as the lot of the northern and 

 that of the southern, if not wide u as the poles 

 asunder," is at least very different. Anxious to 

 ascertain by actual observation if the agricultural 

 labourers in the northern counties be in decidedly 

 better circumstances than those in the midland and 

 southern, and to what causes the difference, if 

 real, may be attributable, we have noted in the first 

 place some of the results of our inquiries as to the 

 present rates of labour in a few of the principal 

 agricultural counties ; they are as follows. 



In a great portion of Berkshire, and the adjacent 

 counties, the regular wages are, harvest time 

 excepted : 



f. d. 



Men, at ordinary work, per week 61. Od. to 8 



Boys, 1 ) to 12 years old, tending pigs, &c. do 1 6 



Carter do 8 



Reaping or fagging Wheat, per acre 1$. Od. to 8 



Mowing Barley and Oa:s do 2s.dd.XoZ 



llt-aping do. do (is. Od. to 8 



Women* per week , 4 8 



The rents of cottages are about Is. 6c?. a week, 

 and coals (in Berks) usually cost Is. 2d. per cwt. 

 With these wages and charges, the labourers are in 

 poor circumstances, except in harvest, unless their 

 families be small, or they have grown-up sons and 

 daughters to earn wages for their joint benefit. 

 Indeed, as to the labour of the sons, so little do 

 these regard the spirit of the fifth commandment, 

 that they usually spend exclusively on themselves, 

 when grown up, the whole of their earnings, con- 

 tributing nothing to the support of the family, except 

 . providing their own food, and eating it in selfish 

 1 solitude under the domestic roof, while they 



roof, 

 "honour " their parents so far as to occupy a bed at 

 their inconvenience. 



Dorsetshire used to be rated as the lowest, per- 

 haps, in regard of the labourer's condition, but we 

 believe that the distinction between it and the other 

 counties under our immediate observation is inap- 



Meat is a luxury rarely indulged in 



who have 



preciable. 

 the 



by the purely agricultural labourers, 



families of young children ; and were it not that 



ft For dibbling Beans, they are paid by the gallon of teed 

 ■own, and may earn from Is. Gd, to 2s, a-day. 



an acre, we may conclude to be intrii callv of 

 value only for grazing, and, th >re, incapable of 

 supplying remunerating employment to the peasant, 

 who, in fact, is thrown out of woik whei« \er grazing 



is pursued as a system, l'ven in the imm te 



vicinity of Cambridge the privations of the labourer 

 are great, and poor rates (the barometrical te of 

 local condition) frequently very high. But let us 

 advance to Lincolnshire, wham there is a different 

 state of tilings. 



Men, at ordinary u-ork, per week 9*. to 10 



Hoys, from 10 to IS years old, do 2 



!>»»., from 12 to 16 years old, do S 



Heaping: Wheat prr erre 1 



Reaping Oats fr.»m ,],, 8$. to 10 



Cart.r, if married— with house ami garden, 1»0 it, 

 (of 14 lbt.) # of pork, 60 fagots, and 60 pecks of 



Potatoes— per wt-ek ]0 



[f unman it-d, and doBUeticated in the fanner's 



hoa**, I0t a year, with abundan' die! bacon three 

 times a day, if he has stoma 1. for it.) 



A female farm servant receives 14/. a year, and _ 

 shepherd (with diet daring the lambing seaton), 22/. 

 i year, with (trass and fodder for a COW, a house, 

 garden, and a ton of coals drawn home- for him by 

 his employer; which are much higher rales than 

 those in the other counties. In Lincolnshire, broth 

 and bacon are used by the labourers three or four 

 times a week. 



Such are the rates, whether in the wolds, the 

 marshes, or the fens of this fertile county. j\Ir. 

 Winoate, of Harsby, near the very neat and thriv- 

 ing town of Spilsby. who is partly proprietor, and 

 partly tenant of 2000 acres of wold and ivn, or 

 marsh land, pays these wages, as also do the farmers 

 generally, whether of the upland or lowland districts. 

 I he rents are from 1/. to 1/. fi*. per acre, on the 

 chalky wolds ; and on the fertile alluvial 1 w lands, 

 from 21. 5s. to 3/. an acre ; and the labourers have 

 ample means of living in full comfort, unless (which 

 is sometimes the case in winter), they have not full 

 employment. Those on Lord \Villoughby\s estate, 

 at and near Spilsby and Hundleby, have the privilege 

 of occupying allotments of excellent land, at the rate 

 of 21. an acre. There are, on numerous properties, 

 new and neat cottages moderately rented ; and the 

 women (who perform little work out of doors, ex- 

 cepting the assistance they afford to their male 

 relations in reaping and binding corn) are very neat 

 housewives, and find employment enough in making 

 and mending clothes, keeping the house scrupu- 

 lously clean, and preparing dough for them, which 

 is baked in the baker's ovens at Id. per stone 

 of flour. 



Straws show how the wind blows : and even 

 such a trifle as the manner of gleaning corn in Lin- 

 colnshire illustrates, in some degree, the principle of 

 this saying ; and exhibits the greater independency 

 of the labouring class. 



We have no where seen such a vast extent of 

 fine arable and grazing land, or more marked evi- 

 dences of a wealthy proprietary and tenantry than 

 there is in Lincolnshire ; that picturesqueness of 

 landscape to which we are accustomed may be 

 wasting, but the crops of corn are more luxuriant 

 and heavy on plains of apparently unlimited ex- 

 tent, with little loss from fences, and the neat- 

 ness of culture strikes the eye. The drainage 

 of the fens and marshes has been, indeed, a 

 wondrous work, and enormously repaid by the 

 acquisition of a deep inexhaustible soil, with marl 

 and silt underneath in many places, and when 

 under Grass, capable of fattening an ox and three 

 heavy sheep to the acre. From lOOi to 120/. has 

 been the price hitherto paid for the purchase of 

 marsh land per acre : but can this price continue, 

 and will even the Lincolnshire farmer be able to 

 employ labourers in future at the present terms, 

 with an average yield of crops ? This year is a 

 standard. He says no ! The tenant farmer, who 

 receives a reduction of 10 per cent, on his rent, 

 declares that he is spending his capital, though he 

 manfully holds on his course of tillage without as 

 yet reducing his labourer's wages. If any British 

 agriculturist can weather the storm of the day, it 







