THE GARDENERS' 



CHRONICLE 



ventilation to j-revcnt (tamp 



condensing about the 



flowers. 



elusion of the frost, and in very wet weather would be 

 useful to drive out the damp. Shelves are preferable 

 to drawers for keeping fruit in during winter, as it is 



The necessary amount of air should be given 



b ' y ai al Lr a t?uS szsSb&Ei arar-** -» **£* s&a t 



[Oct 



1! 



* 



SSSJLT2SE,' -p%T*r,lS 



EST J now oocnpy a portion of these ranges whore 

 reon S »rable display i. reared d nnng te £• j* 



sssw^y 1 ^ art - 



1 > ./ .. mav be taken up ana 



Mh^/E^ £• oo'ton. hen. , M L. 



warned very early, let it be very moderate, and accom- 

 VSS bv a free admission of top air. Encourage 

 G one t te with manure water, and remove any flowers 

 wlH can be spared, to give greater strength to the 



p,antS ' FORCING DEPARTMENT. . 



Where the plants are now swelling their 

 fruirthetemperatiire should be well kept up, and the 

 plants may still with advantage be supplied with liquid 

 manure. Succession plants should be subjected to a 

 gradual hardening process, not so as suddenly to check 

 or prevent their growth, but to reduce its rate by gra- 

 dually lowering the night temperature, and admitting as 

 much air during the day as the strength of sunlight will 

 allow. The heat, however, during this month, should 

 not be permitted to fall below 60° in the morning. 

 Vineries.— In applying fire heat to drive damp out of 

 those houses where ripe Grapes are hanging, let it always 



or it will defeat the end aimed 



decay can'be removed without injuring that which is 

 still sound. When drawers are used it is scarcely 

 possible to avoid considerable injury to the fruit every 

 time they are moved, as it is inevitably rol ed and 

 rubbed about, thus causing it to become spotted and 

 unsightly, and at the same time hastening its decay. 

 If the planting or removing of any fruit trees is con- 

 templated this autumn, preparation should be made for 



ly as possible, that the work may be 



Pineries. 



he accompanied by air, 



at, and even then it must be very moderate, or the 

 Grapes' will soon begin to shrivel. It is a nice point 

 to steer between the two extremes, but if it be desired 

 to preserve the fruit in good condition till January or 

 February, no care or trouble must be considered too 

 much. If any Vines have been prepared in pots or 

 boxes for early forcing, a portion of them should now 

 be pruned and well washed; at the same time any 

 exhausted soil from the surface should be scrape! off, and 

 replaced by a top dressing of rich loam and dung. The 

 plants should then be introduced into a forcing house or 

 pit, with a temperature of about 50°, which must be 

 gradually increased at the rate of 3° or 4° in a week. 

 If the pots can be plunged in abed about 15° hotter than 

 the temperature of the house, it will be a decided advan- 

 tage, as the roots will be thereby kept in advance of the 

 tops. Let the plants be syringed once or twice every five 

 days ; and if a quantity of fermenting material can be in- 

 troduced, the exhalation arising therefrom will consider- 

 ably assist the development ofthe buds. Peach-houses.- 

 The later forced houses will now be ready for cleaning 

 and retraining, in the manner formerly described. This 

 work should be done as soon as possible, that it may 

 not interfere with the out-of-doors training, which should 

 be commenced next month. Forcing Pits. — Rhubarb, 

 Seakale, and Asparagus should now be in progress. 

 The two former may be managed very well in any place 

 possessing the characteristics of a Mushroom-house, 

 namely, moderate warmth and exclusion of light. For 

 Asparagus, a pit or bed should be prepared, furnished 

 with bottom heat by dung or hot-water pipes. Light 

 and air are necessary to this crop to render it fit 

 for use. Nothing can be more absurd than blanching 

 it, by which its flavour as well as its appearance is 

 destroyed. 



FLOWER GARDEN AND SHRUBBERIES. 



The general taking up of choice half-hardy plants 

 should be proceeded with. There are thousands of 

 plants, which, if taken up anjl potted in autumn, would 

 prove invaluable in the following season, from their 

 producing a greater amount of bloom than young plants ; 

 but few have much room for keeping them during winter 

 in suitable places. Geraniums are amongst the most 

 useful of the flower garden plants which deserve this 

 care, and are, perhaps, the most easily managed. Unless 

 very large specimens are wanted for next year, let the 

 sides of the plants be pruned in, so that the pots may 

 stand close together. All flowers should be removed ; 

 but with the exception of side pruning, every healthy 

 leaf should be preserved until the plants are established 

 in the new soil, after which, they may be cut down to 

 any convenient height. 



t • «i v«. HMU>Y FRU IT GARDEN. 



Let the different varieties of Apples and Pears be 

 carefully gathered as they ripen, and labelled. The 

 Aelves cm which they are 1 * should be quite clean and 

 dry and the atmosphere of the fruit room kept per- 

 fectly sweet by allowing a free current of air to enter 

 below, and pass through the roof, thereby carrying 

 away with it all the exhalations which, if allowed to 

 stagnate within the room, would materially injure the 

 keeping qu ties of the fruit. In storing the fruit, let 

 all inferior or damaged ones be carefully picked out, 

 laying them aside for immediate use; if this be not 

 attended to, such fruit will soon begin to decay, and if 

 not immediate y detected, will be liable to communicate 

 the -disease to their neighbours. The fruit room should 

 be cool and dry and provided with means for prevent- 



JLSX1 1- g T ten r raUi ^ ; it should be 



provided with efficient means for excluding frost either 

 by shutters or curtains to the window," When its 

 sit ation happens to be near a plant-house, or early 

 forcing-house, heated by means of a boiler a small hX 

 water pipe properly supplied with sCC^l £ 



carried round the room ; this would insure the ex- 



the purpose as „ . . f 



completed immediately after the leaves begin to fall. 

 If this is attended to the trees will |feel their way into 

 the new soil this season. If any new trees are wanted 

 from the nurseries, it is advisable to order them imme- 

 diately, that they may be amongst the earliest selections 

 from the nurserymen's stock. 



KITCHEN GARDEN. 



Let the autumn-sown Onions, Cabbages, Cauliflowers, 

 and Lettuces, be protected from the ravages of snails 

 by dusting them with lime and soot. The smallest of 

 the Cauliflowers not planted in hand-lights, should be 

 planted*in a cold frame, where they can be protected 

 from frost. Cold frames and covers for them should be 

 immediately prepared, and filled with Endive and Let- 

 tuce, for winter and early spring. Let the ground be- 

 neath the frames be well drained, and a layer of coal 

 ashes placed below the soil, which will help to keep it 

 dry, and prevent the upward progress of slugs, &c. ^ A 

 soil consisting of charred loam and leaf-mould, which 

 should be moderately dry and free from insects, is best 

 for this purpose. The plants should be lifted from the 

 border with good balls, and transferred to the frame, 

 taking care not to break or injure the leaves. The 

 latest crop of Cabbage Lettuce, intended to stand during 

 winter, and come in for early spring use, should be 

 planted in the driest, warmest, and most sheltered bor- 

 der, as it is an object of no small importance to secure 

 a supply of this favourite salad. In very severe weather, 

 they may be protected by Fir boughs. For the protec- 

 tion of winter salads, as Endives, Lettuces, and late 

 Radishes, and for preserving Cauliflower plants during 

 winter, light wooden shutters will exclude frost better 

 than glass sashes and wet mats ; and as they are much 

 less expensive, are in every way preferable. Light can 

 be admitted by tilting the shutters at the back during 

 rainy weather, and by removing them entirely when it 

 is dry, without being frosty . 



State of the Wemtker near London, for the w«ek ending Oct. 9, 1S51, 



as observed at the Horticultural Garden, Chiswick. 



not go to South Africa or to W«.* — ^^ - 



go to Nelson, in New Zealand ST^?"^" W iit 

 but, observe, we do not advise y 0uto 5 ntilh *** i ££? 

 for yourself. c jou to do § . Yoii«i5** 



Frames. J B II. The Vs* ncn *, ^J% 



west. Nothing in wnich it W for a cold f 



mice eating them. The best wa?i g ° 2 ak P *» *fl 

 deep m the drills with fine chonJS V n **m i~ 

 cover them with earth. Cao PPed Furze, tl ^J* 



Fro it Trees : Cavanensis. Eighteen .*.* . * 



kitchen use to be planted Is \ *? *» f Appl^ 



following -.-Four Dumelow's S^ir % ma * ^-^ 

 Alfriston, two Mere de Menage GoM^^^li 

 Foundling, Hawthomden, two B&^ e '»**£ 

 Wick, Court-pendu Plat, tw *Rib tonT ^*TSi! 



Reinette. Pears: Williams' Bon Chi > ini ' * «2l 

 (of Jersey). || on thr etiea and LoS,|2 



Galvanised Iron Houses : R s n T* 

 sashes glazed without imttoTa^^JttSS 



nmng, and are mentioned at the asm. „i d<, *«*|^ 

 mend Hartleys rough plate gla a for aTl nS^ * 

 rapes : J C. Your , eedling Grape « 3?* 

 Early White Malvasia or Gw£iK£' **** 

 quite equal to it in tlavour.|| "^nt^ST, 



Insects: ABA I. Wo found no inaecti m, 

 leaves. If they are attacked by the anhiiwV ", "** 

 the best plan is to fumigate to'm P S ft* 1 "* 

 placing them in a cotton cover or bag to retain 



i 



iiuuuuuraa ueciuetl opinion im™. *v ■■""" ot « 



do not anticipate any advantagTf'omThe^ 

 wrong (see p 499 of this year's OaTle^rTn^^ 

 sashes glazed without putty have Z%?"* a !**T\ 



G 



Oct. 



Friday.. 

 Satur. ., 



Sunday , 



Monday 

 Tues. .. 

 Wed. ., 

 Thars. ., 



3 

 4 



5 



6 



7 



9 



Average 



< 



m 



* 



3 

 C 



C 



2 



a 



9 

 10 

 11 

 12 

 13 

 U 



Barometer. 



Tbmfi&aturb. 



Of the Air. 



Of the Earth 



Max. 



29.577 



29.4*5 

 29.743 



25.774 



29.785 

 29.955 

 29.924 



Min. 



Max. Min. Mean 



1 foot 

 deep. 



29 410 

 29.462 

 J9.o71 



29.677 



29.6f,9 



29.833 

 29.802 



2 feet 

 deep. 



Wind. 



29.719 29.636 60.3 ' 43 3 



52.0 



v 



52,5 52 3 





1 



October 3— Fine; showery: clenr and flue. 



— 4— Rain ; v*ry fine ; with hot Bun ; clear at nigltt. 



— 5— Fine; cloudy; clear; rain. 



— (*-V"ry fine; overcast at night. 



— 7— Fine ; rain ; occasionally tine ; cloudy at night. 



— 8— Fine; very fine; clear; ulight frost. 



— 9— Fojccy and drizzly; rain throughout; cloudy and mild. 

 Mean temperature of the week, 3 de«r. below the average. 



State of the Weather at Chiswick, during e last 25 years, for the 



ensuing week, ending Oct. IS. 1861. 



Oct. 



Sunday 12 

 Mon. 13 

 Tues. 14 

 Wed. 15 

 Thurs. 16 

 Friday 17 

 Satur. 13 



a. <-> 



<^ r4 



59.8 

 S9.S 

 59.2 

 58.0 

 58.6 

 58.0 

 53 2 







42.2 

 4i\0 

 45.2 

 40.6 

 42.1 

 42.5 

 42.6 





o> 9 



51.0 

 50.9 

 52.2 

 49.3 



50.3 

 50 2 



50.4 



No. of 



Years in 



which it 



Rained. 



14 



12 



11 

 10 

 11 

 8 

 12 



Greatest 



Quantity 



of Kain. 



Prevailing Winds. 



1 .00 in. 

 0.53 



0.S0 



1.01 



0.52 



0.18 



0.85 



3 



3 

 I 



2 



1 

 1 









3 

 4 



3 



2 

 2 

 1 



2 



so . fc V ^ 



1 



2 



2 

 2 

 4 

 4 



1 



_ 



4 

 6 



7 

 7 



1 

 1 

 1 8 



- O 



1 4 



4 4 



3 3 



3 



4 8 

 7 6 



4 10 



6 

 \ 

 1 

 S 



The highest temperature during the above period occurred on the 14tb. 

 134'j —therm. 76 deg. ; and the lowest on the 13th, 1813, and i5th, 1850— therm. 

 21 deg. 





in 





Notices to Correspondents. 



Thirds. Such of our correspondents (nine in number) as have 

 given us their names and addresses in full, either have been 

 written to by post, or will be at an early moment. Many 

 others, not replied to, shall receive prompt attention when 

 the above requisite particulars are furnished. The Inquiries 

 made are, many of them, of a generally-interesting cha- 

 racter ; but the epace that must necessarily be occupied In 

 replying to them— how ruccinct soever the Answers might 

 be— would encroach unduly on the columns of a newspap r. 

 This has already become obvious. We beg again emphati- 

 cally to remark, that alt letters requiring an ans must 

 contain a postage stamp, to frank them b.tck to the writers. 

 If we furnish "brains" and time— tho latter a serious 

 sacrifice-it will be conceded that our half of the proposed 

 compact has been efficiently performed. H\ AT.—The Yellow 

 Chaffinch : Ann T. Very curious, the detail very pleasing. 

 To your question, we reply, «*In a few weeks." W. A'.— The 

 Diseased Canary : H T. When you send your name and 

 address, do not omit the " two specimen feathers." said to 

 be enclosed in your letter, but found wanting. W. K 

 Books: C K. Beck's Treatise on the Pelargonium 1 

 Domain; Scoticus. We should say that in England this word 

 stgnines, in common parlance, a considerable territory It 

 wou.d not be applied to a few fields, but to a considerable 

 tract of country. The derivation of the word shows that it 

 must hare originally signified the land surrounding the 

 residence of the lord of the soil-a castle, for instance- 

 and hence it may now be used in Ireland for a park or anv 

 otter small holding; but we think the familiar application 

 of the word is limited in England in the manner first 

 described. 



Emigration : Beta. We cannot undertake so serious a respon- 



!!£ F.t* th t l °f advi8in K Persons upon the countries to 



?S l he l *u°l [d A%°' l hey . mu9fc ^ ad * e for themselves. 

 Books are to be had for a few thiilings through any countrv 



bookseller, giving ample information, far beyond anything 



that a newspaper can find room for. AU we can say is, do 



G R. The caterpillar found on dwarf RoZt^ 

 inks near Swansea, are those of the fox ZS*?*' 



mna RubiL Thev nr* r*™ *«m««i*« - 0X moli .1* 



ba 



campa Rubi). They are ve^ifflculiCrJJr ?L 

 late in the season. W.—JH. The cateraUUrfii* 

 twigs of Abies Douglasii is that of the nsoZylL 

 (Biston.Betularius). Its connection with theiEta2 

 accidental, and its peculiar attitude is that ofX ** 

 pillars ,of all the family, which are termed 



«* 





loopers. W, 

 Jacob.ea Lily 



POitatt 



; Beaminster. The bulbs are 'perfect!? tak 

 but they will not tiower without a season 'of droqtk ! 

 late Dean of Manchester found them succeed well u Tsi 

 shire against the wall of a stove in the open ground tmru 

 in the spring, and sometimes again in autumn, 'ltd 

 rich soil. The bulbs may also be advantageotwlj plosi 

 out in spring, and taken up and dried on the apmstk 4 

 winter. 



Jodas Tree : Mrs Cox. A tree of this kind, with topefe 

 roots, cannot be removed with certainty by ikt vd 

 methods. But you may manage it thus : Ascertain its* 

 distance from the main stem the roots are as thick all 

 little finger. From that place dig a circular trench mi 

 the tree, going deep enough to cut through all theiidena 

 Let the trench be 2 feet wide. When this has tafi te. 

 fill the trench again with the same earth mixed well it 

 leaf-mould. Next year you may safely remove tbetmia 

 prepared, as soon as the leaves have fallen, not sooner. 



Names of Fruits: A G. 1, Hollandbury ; 2, Marffl; 

 Fearn's Pippin ; 4, Stagg's Nonpareil; 5, Cockle Pipjii 

 Court of Wick; 7, Golden Reinette; 8, 9, Scarlet 

 pareil ; 10, Herefordshire Pearmain ; 11, Royal Rouet; H 

 13, Hughes's Golden Pippin ; 15, Alexander; lS.Kinfffi. 

 Pipp5ns.ll— Sub. Apples and Pears wrapped in leaves :\M 

 Mignonne ; 4, Wormsley Pippin ; 7, 8, King of the 

 11, Cluster Golden Pippin; 12, Alfriston; 13, BraJaW 

 Nonpareil ; 14, Gravenstein ; 15, Cockle Pippin; h.ujt 

 Pippin ; 18, Northern Greening ; 19, Samfoung; 8, Ala 

 ander ; 23, Blenheim Pippin ; 24, Red Quarrento;* 

 Dumelow's Seedling ; 29, flormead Pearmaic; RftjJ 

 low's Seedling ; 31, Reinette du Canada. 1, "fflrt*; 

 2, Doyenne Blanc; 3, Glout Morceau ; I . ™^J"; 

 7 BeuncBosc; 8, Sucre Vert ; 11, 20, king Ediw«VJ 

 Fondante d'Automne ; 13, Mane Louise ; U JJ 

 Beurre; 18, 23, Glout Morceau; 21, SwwiJft. -»»* 



miaable from such maftrials ; 2, Asc ep.a •««■ 

 D H B. 1, Polypodiom Dryoptens; % >J „ 

 chitis; 3, Lastrea spinulosa ; 4, Lomam ^ 

 should attach the number* in a way in *W 

 conveniently >een. It takes ^V'^^tt- 

 them, than to name the specimens. s-Anawjj^ ft 

 maritima ; 873, Androsaee , Jp n^ : ; 4*J * ^ 











num furcatum ; 2, Stemodia^-^ . ^ HabeD8nl 



dioides ; 4, Chsetosus, 



deruic ft 



flora ; 6, Hedyotis stylos a. We cannot agam nn 



of naming dried sp 

 laxiflora, and Cr 



jentago and Corn 

 Juniperus recurva, and «w- ^"" ot aee in wb" 1 ^ 

 cursmbosa.-^P, Trentham. We do n ot ^ 



labour of naming >^«™^^ 



Abie* 



] abour of naming dnea ^^^ f olia . J*jff 



Spiraea laxirlora, and Crataegus corn n ^ 



*~ r. Am fr.irn and Cornus mas.--* *f p r Ca* 



cor > 



differs 

 tifolius. 



f^mThe d'orU crl ffl s>a variety of 



T^ 



_« TK The BoxaeavrfN^jJ^- 

 cannot be identified for «« ofjlwi"- ^to*** 



nut'u 6;,Tocaryon, not Op^carpoa, ^ 



oUTMTl R C. The beautiful %£"*&* 



duced by the puncture ot an 



Diplolcpts. „:»,,€, toconsratula'ejw'^p 



Pawlovnu : r^^MW . J %$£* 



brought to maturity in f be w sm ^ ectltf0 , eve a ■ "^ 



fectly hardy, and «a mre T "° m Cbe vW*i$5* 

 severe weather— OaUwtt. It may X„ Hn no: S 



Stbawberbiis 

 is that ot botani 



the first to flower this P«a nt " ** g born 

 blossom-bud,? wb.ch are «!«»»>,„ 



: of. Theprope c X u tboU; S '^5 

 anists : 1, Wood ; -, "* rle , of' % 

 ? one or the other J the j. 



is mat ui uw«« • t i. er ; 



AU belong to one orto otlie^, 

 varieties to the lsst 



C K . If the pots * LerttealX 

 varieties 10 i."= ""■• ^ shift no w. «'° ... isJ'i" 

 jlants may receive a larg er. *' becJffle tM ,** . 



Fdes, so tdat the plants^ m »' " i|1|? s0 m^ bl ° e n itii** 

 can cover the pot. wuh so a. ung d . $ nnk «£ .^g 



Tbebs: W. Theheisrhtto! an nsme i*^*JJ 



stood to form r a urge " e - or t a nt bow maV f^ft 



Walls : L U ^ I« » «»«, {oT t^lT^ »£ 



copi 

 and 

 wall 



™". 'to meet the^^ L Z li-rt-J fe 

 U feet wide, soil dark too* I wet gtfJigZ 



gravel (limestone) ; » Hn, *"' ha yard rtj 01 '^* 

 f hire , hU many tnche. »*' ^ + 



5 



towaldTthe south!" *™;'l« wW^tg 

 and back levels «d g w woa u iP^Sa i»<» 

 but a difference of 18 » on f B ha border to '^ ^fT 

 of the greater exposure «f th f „, s ^ ; ,^J 



ViBomoAs: ^L" e "'^;ourite as V. A"** 'V h J?S ' 

 no mean. •««« ■ »»«° ^ et a nd *^ n earU ** 



charming mix*"'" 0I --■■■""<* °* 





v -«.-....„ ir , Tbe specif 05 



W 



Odart's work i. «^J c . f att d » jg Dy C0«^ 

 Traite des Cepages, » ra t lou 



Traite des ^epages, «» • 

 Du^acq, Hue Jacob, No. p 





« 









