

m 





















40— 1851. J 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



«59 



PINK PLANTS FOR SALE.— The different varie- 

 iL of BLiCK* and QUEENS, warrau'ed clran and well 

 ..^J? ^ Apply to Mf, Davies, Starch Green, HamuiersroUh, 



1 I M% JOB. 



AMBROISE VERSCHAFFELT, Nurseryman 

 Gneot (Belgium), has just published his new List of 

 aQ d m iv he had /ree at Mr. II. SilberbaD\s. 5 Harp- 

 V "lirt-it Tower-*rreet, LfMrflo*. A. V begs to offer to rhe 



■"£ «... f!«mellm and Azalea indica, fu.ll of flower buds, and 



Triomphe de Gand, 5s. per doz. 



JTJi fine Camelli 

 Yrli+ri moderate price. 



seVstr\wberr[es.- 



Ww-reiile de' Flandre, 5* ditto; nmneur de la Belgique, 25. 

 h • ^ ' " ^ e ~* r * hant '2i -arh : » n e <■• FUn-ir-. ? 8 e*oh. 



— jJlXii IlVACiNTli.Slor Forcing. :U.ad. per dozen ; 



Be*c d »., for <ilas«es. 6d. to 1/. each Double Roman and 

 Paoer-white Sarc»s<u , is. per dozen ; Single and Double Due 

 £^Tqi>| Tu?ip», 2s. per dozen. A lit* Crouti*. Iris, Jonquils, 

 Iircis** 4 . Aueooooea, and Ranunculus, of which a priced Lst 

 i^f be had fr , per post, from A. Oobbett, Italian and 

 rjreifn Warehous e, 18. P al l Mall, London. 



OLLtTiTSTl^WBEiniY.-A Post office order 



known by the facility » I, uh li the milt ami roTTun 

 from them, on a sli-ht pressure, squeeze Uie milt of 

 the males into a little water. " 



tar is gone, or even to die in the meanwhile. Gas 

 tar, then, is a foe to vegetable life. 



Influenced by some such considerations as these, 

 one of our correspondents, Mr. Hardy, Nurseryman, I 



of Maldon, tried the following experiment: Twenty ™ ixture wp*»m slightly opalescent ; 

 rods of walk, 4 feet wide, were cleared of weeds ; "" ~ J """ *~ " * fcK1 

 first, by removing all the gravel, 4 inches deep, then 

 by daubing two barrels of gas tar (value about 10s.) 

 evenly over the surface, about half an inch thick 

 with a brush, and immediately replacing the gravel, 



\vhich_ became completely 

 tar. 



for 55. will necure (package free) 100 strong pUnts of this 



f^rited Strawberry -t 12 plan's, free by post, on receipt of 



tfaoiuge stamps. A'so Trollop's Victoria, 41. per 100, and 



*^f the old varieties at very lo*r prices. The usual allow. 



••£« to t r, e trifle. — J as ICitlet, Lyncomhe Vale Nursery Bath. 



HOSE A YVATERER'3 Descriptive Catalogue of 

 aMiSRfCAtf PLANTS, CONIFERS, KOSE3, Ac., for 

 _ »*ut*g Autumn, is ju>t published, ami may be had on 

 ajjri'f " enclosing two postage stamps, to Mr. IIosjka 

 fuM*. K'u p Hill Nursery, Wo king, Surrey. ________ 



^ EXDLE'S LIST OF NEW GERANIUMS will 



be found in toe columns of this Paper, pa^e 578, in the 



ber for September 13, 1851. 



illmm B . Renple, Florist to her Majesty, P lymouth. 



W" HOMES' Descriptive Catalogue of his NEW 

 PEL-kRGONIUMS may he had on application. 

 Royal Pelargonium Nursery t Windsor, Oct. 18. 



"~~~ " "dutch FZ WFJR ROOTS. 



RENDLE'S LIST OF Du'TCH BULBS will be 

 found in the columns of this Paper, trQ.it page, in the 

 number for September 27, 1351. The prices are very low. 

 5e*criptive Catalogues on application to William E. Kendle, 



JforWttnher Maesty. Plymouth. 



The Hyacinths are particularly large and handsome* 

 Most excellent kinds can be had at 6s. per dozen. 



incorporated with the 

 The walk was thus rendered firm and solid. 

 The tar was found to prevent any weeds from grow- 

 ing through it, and only a few small ones were 

 eventually seen to spring out of the gravel itself. 

 The Box on the edge perished at the same time, if 

 the gas tar was allowed to reach nearer to it than 

 2 inches. Here, then, a gravel walk was, to a cer- 

 tain extent (almost wholly), cleared of weeds, by a 

 stratum of gas tar below the surface ; and the walk 

 itself retained its colour, without offending the eye 

 by its blackness. 



But, before this experiment became known to us, 

 we had ourselves made some trials of gas tar in 

 another way. Some black walks, constructed on a 

 damp heavy clay, with cinder siftimrs, and similar 



of water. 



TIT ! A\fERTC\>T NURSERY, BAOsHOT, SURREY. 



JOHN WATERER begs to announce that he has just 

 publish d a new CATALOGUE of Hardy Rhododendrons, 

 Allien, Hoses, Conifers, <fcc, aud which may he obtained by 

 eacioMng two postage stamps. 



%* T'ie Colours of all the Rhododendrons worthy of culti- 

 Tu'ion are described ; thus purchasers are afforded every facility 

 to making selections. 



r sittings, 



materials, although perfectly drained, and in all re- 

 spects well made, became so mossy in the winter 

 months, that ladies could not walk upon them with 

 comfort. 

 sponge, 

 dry it. 

 with a 

 the moss ; but 



The moss retained water like a green 

 and days of winter sun were unable to 

 It was therefore determined to coat the walks 



of 



layer 



gas 

 after 



t; 



r, thick enough to cover 

 the first trial, it was found 



that the cost was too great, and that the gas tar 

 became sticky, as soon as it was warmed by sun- 

 shine, or even in ordinary dry weather. The appli- 

 cation was, however, proved to stop the growth of 

 weeds most effectually, for a piece of walk thus 

 prepared nine months ago is as naked as it was on 

 the first day of the application. 



Encouraged by this I kn ** * overcharged with sand, mud &c 



result, it was determined to paint the walks with &* yel m t,,e » iWlwl » boM ,8 c ™l Jet ^ <*» 



VICTORIA REGIA. 



J WEEKS and Co., King's-road, Chelsea, have great 

 • pleasure iu announcing the couipiete success of this 

 flUfraincent Aquatic, the Qu- en of the Lakes, GROWING IN 

 IB£ OPfiN AIR. The splendid flowers are now open every 

 ity, to the great admiration of all who tee it. A few fine 

 YOUNG PLANTS ARE NOW FOR SALE. Full instructions 

 fcf iti cultivation will be forwarded on application to J. 

 Weeks and Co.. Ivinjj's-road. Chelsea. 



P JA.CKMAN, Nurseryman, Woking, Surrey, 



VJ» (1 _ mile from Woking Station, South- Western Railway), 

 kfg to announce that he has published a new and complete 

 Catalogue of his American Plants, Ornamental Bvergreeus, 

 Cflsifrrs, Flowering Shrubs, Standard and Dwarf Roses, Fruit 

 s*d Forest Trees, dec, and may be had on application by 

 tstiosingtwQ postage stamps.— Woking Nursery, Oct. 18. 



the surface : and 



gas tar, without disturbing 

 accordingly, a path in a shrubbery, about 4 feet 

 wide, and rather more than 300 yards long, was 

 thus treated, the tar being applied over moss 

 and weeds, and while hot, on account of its greater 

 fluidity. As soon as a few yards were painted, the 

 workmen sifted sand upon the walk, and then ran 

 a roller over it. The result was a firm, dry, hard 

 walk ; weeds refused to grow, moss disappeared, 

 and there was no trace of the w r alk having been 

 tarred ; for the surface, where sanded, looked exactly 

 like any other gravel walk. The quantity of gas tar 

 required for the space above-mentioned wa» two 

 barrels. 



Vi» /i* *» ^* £»x - v J ^ e " )e ^ eve ^ iat ^is trial will prove to have been 



CftC v3&tu£tt£r9 ^lit*Qttt€i£* perfectly successful : the experience of a winter is, 



however, required to determine how far the tarred 

 surface will continue to resist the inroads of moss. 



When vou have obtained 



All the milt you can get, add so much w* r that the 



m colour to a tablespoonful of milk mixed in a quart 



Pour this into a deep dish or bowl, lawe 

 enough to hold the largest of your female trouts. Take 

 one of these, put it into the water ao prepared, and 

 gently squeeze the roe from it, whilst overhead in the 

 water.* Do this as quickly as possible, and return the 

 fish into fre^li water, and then pour off the water con- 

 taining the impregnated roe, through a BtraUier, care- 

 fully preserving it for the remaining fish, and imme- 

 diately return the roe into fresh spring or brook water. 

 Repeat the operation for every female trout, and you 

 will then have a quantity of impregnated roe, which, if 



properly managed, will hatch with great certainty. 

 Have ready as many boxes as you are able to stock 

 with spawn, made 3 feet long, 2 feet broad, and 6 inches 

 deep ; fill them 2 inches deep with river sand, so well 

 washed that there is not a particle of mud left in it, 

 and upon that put 2 inches of gravel, ; exr< lingly 

 well washed, and varying in size from a Hazel nut to a 

 pigeon's or pullet's egg. These boxes mu*t be so 

 placed that the water from a spring will run 

 into the first, and from the surface of that into 

 the second, &c. ; and below the whole nest of boxes, 

 there ought to be a small reservoir made, say 

 3 yards by 2 ditto, and 18 inch p, and well 



gravell I at the bottom ; all these things having 

 been previously arranged, and the wafer flowing nicely 



over the gravel, sprinkle the impregnated roe equally 

 over the surface of the gravel, say a quartet of a pint to 

 each box, and it will roll down the interstices of the 

 gravel, and find a bed in which it will remain snugly 

 until the spring, then, about March, if all has l>een 

 properly managed, you will find, on a careful exami- 

 nation, that the young trouts are coming to life by 

 hundreds. 



I am very particular in recommending a spring, 

 rather than a brook, for several reasons ; in the first 

 place, brooks are liable to be flooded, and are some- 



that t ne 

 ked with 





SATURDAY, OCTOBER 18, 1851. 



The prevention of weeds on garden- walks is one 

 erf the questions which would seem to be incapable 

 of solution, if we are to judge from the discordant 

 epinions of practical people. Some years since sul- 

 phate of copper was strongly recommended as a 

 deadly enemy to moss ; solution of corrosive subli- 

 mate was also proposed, and salt, applied in various 

 ways. But ^ was found that all these substances, 

 however active at first, possessed but a temporary 

 value, unless Mr. Fleming's plan of applying salt 

 boiling hot shall be found to stajid everywhere the 

 ■tat of experience. However, gardeners maintain 

 t**t, for the removal of weeds on walks, there is 

 aathing like hand-labour. 



Bat we are far from thinking that the resources 

 ^ the gardener are exhausted by salt, bluest riol, 

 ^corrosive sublimate. In fact, we know that 

 ^pnalte walks 



neither weedy nor mossy ; and in asphalte, then, 

 w nave a friend to be relied upon. But asphalte 

 J? c °stly } and its appearance is disliked. To avoid 

 £*• tot inconvenience, a horticultural asphalte has 

 *** proposed, made from 

 <a *fer-ashes, and 



sntei^xr SLU1 remams offensive to some 



itth ( weeds > however, will grow upon it. It 

 in h S- , worth en qumrig what quality there is 

 horticultural asphalte to produce this result. It 



me rubbish, nor the sand, nor the 



ash - - " ' 



We can only say that at present there is not the 

 slightest trace of its appearance. In one respect 

 the tar, by itself, is superior to imitations of 

 asphalte, namely, that if broken up by frost, the first 

 warm sun restores it to its previous condition, at the 

 mere cost of a turn or two of the roller. 



properly prepared wall become 



lime rubbish, sand, 



gas tar; this, too, answers the 



still remains offensive to 



tar 



it, and the spawn is lost, as 1 know to my great and 

 frequent disappointment ; at other times all is washed 

 away together. In the second place, the gravel of 

 brooks swarms with water*lice, and the larvw of aquatic 



flies, as well as bullheads and loaches, all of which prey 

 upon the spawn of both the trout and the salmon ; and 

 in the third place, if you place your spawning-boxes in 

 a brook, it is difficult to prevent the escape of the fry 

 when hatched, and you are left in doubt as to the 

 success of your experiment ; with a spring all these in- 

 conveniences are obviated, but if your water-course 

 should contain water-lice or aquatic larvae, it is a very 

 easy matter to destroy them before putting in your 

 boxes, with a little quicklime. It is also desirable to 

 cover your spawning boxes with a wire grating, and 

 also to protect them in severe weather from the chance 

 of being frozen. When they begin to hatch, open a 

 communication between the boxes and the little reser- 

 voir below ; and if this communicates with a water- 

 course, in which aquatic plants are growing, so much 

 the better ; the fry, as soon as they are strong enough, 

 will make their way into this ditch, and will find an 

 abundance of food among the water plants ; from thence 

 they ought to be able to make their way into the brook, 

 river, or lake, which it is intended to store with them ; 

 but all ducks, wild and tame, should be driven from 

 this ditch, or there will be few trouts allowed to find 

 their way to their final place of destination. 



The above rules, with some modifications, are appli- 

 cable to the breeding of salmon as well as trout, the 

 only difference being in the mode of placing the female 

 fish. The salmon is too larg- a fish to put into the 

 vessel in which the diluted milt is placed ; but I think 

 it desirable that she should be held by an assistant in 

 such a manner that the tail and lower part of the body, 

 up to the vent, are immersed in the water containing 

 the milt ; it is also very necessary to hold her firmly, 

 otherwise a large fish, in the straggles it makes to get 

 free, is apt to upset the vessel containing the milt, and 

 then the experiment is at an end ; at least for the time ; 

 being held firmly by the assistant as above, the belly of 

 the fish must be gently pressed by the hands, to promote 

 and as many experiments have been made by my direc- the emission of the spawn, which on emission must be 

 tions, and I have witnessed the results, I beg to say ! gently stirred in the water, to bring every grain of it into 

 that there is no fear of success, if due care is taken. - *. * . *- - _«__*. ._ „^;_ 



The experiments of Sharr, Agassiz, &c, have proved 

 that fish can be bred artificially (the experiments of 

 Boccius I have not yet tried, although he professes to 

 arrive at the same results in another manner) ; and 



I have 



[We have been favoured by Mr. Grigor, of F 

 with an excellent article on Arboriculture, for which 

 we hope to find room in a week or two. j 



ARTIFICIAL BREEDING OP FISH.—No. I. 



As the amusement of fly-fishing is one which holds a 

 first place in the opinion of every one who understands it; 

 and as the trout and the salmon are the only fish which 

 afford genuine sport to the angler ; and as I believe that 

 the latter, in the southern counties of England, is nearly 

 extinct, whilst the former is there far from being abun- 

 dant ; I wish to call the attention of such of your readers 

 as are possessed by the true piscatorial furor, to the 

 facility with which these fish can be bred artificially ; 



xperiments have been made by my direc 





<**<* ^ the li 



cinds 



acting on the plan recommended by them 



known both trout and salmon bred by thousands for the 



last 1 years ; and., as now is the time for the experi- 



one aS 5 for a ^ ^ ese are prolific in w r eeds of I ments to be made, I hope that those who intend to 

 sort or other. Perhaps it is the hardness of the tf 7 the P lan witl lose no time ^ looking after their 



«md f ° e ; bat ^P^te walks are not so hard as 

 *Wdi h ° r limestone > a " d both those materials 

 t be t t? eC ° me moss y- !t would, therefore, seem 



"6 gas tar ; and a question arises whether 



dut- v ma y not °e advantageously used as a w r eed 



H*e L et 0n walks > without the usual adjuncts. 



win h n ° W tllat P ales painted with gas tar 

 **** neith 



fas tar 



UJOre : 



Palea" 



we k 



er lichen nor moss. VVe know 

 l,ow that trees trained against such 



>**y apt to be Sickly till the smell of the J I found they wcrercidv far the experiment. 



supply of breeding fish. 



To begin with trout : catch as many as you can con- 

 veniently obtain upon the spawning beds *, and examine 

 them carefully one by one, to see that the spawn and 

 milt are in a fit state for exclusion, and also to enable 

 you to separate the males from the females. If they 

 are in a fit state to I operate d upo n, which mav be 



• I have frequently tound, when catching trout for thi 

 purpose that h * milt and roe were not ready for emission. 

 When this was the c*se, I end <i the fish in a wire cag% 

 which I immersed in wa-er, examining them every week, until 



contact with the milt ; but do not allow it to remain 

 longer in that lio^or than a minute, as I have found 

 that if the diluted milt is too strong, or if the ova 

 remain too long in contact with it, they become opaque 

 | and never hatch at all, apparently because they are 

 over impregnated. In-' the ordinary way in which 

 salmon and trout are bred, the milt must be largely 

 diluted with water, and the contact between the milt 

 and the ova can only be momentary ; for the streams 

 in which these fish spawn (particularly salmon) are so 

 rapid that the milt on exclusion must be carried away 

 immediately. 



I am quite aware that there is another theory which 

 assumes that impregnation takes plaea IS months before 

 emission ; but a very careful examination of the spawn- 



• I fancy that if the ova come in contact with the air on 

 emission, they are not so readily impregnated as tf they are 

 kept covered with the water until the impregnation has taken 

 place, and therefore I wish to lay some stress on the desir- 

 ableness of thus keeping the air excluded. The milt remains 



i an active state long after emission, but I have great reason 

 to suppose that this is by no & us the case with tue roe. 



