











42 



1851.] 



THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 



6(59 



I v* - glad to 



' grown ini* year, ii wouiu uu u 

 wc couid compare it with other years. 1 



31 &m. Wrench's Samples of Seeds. - 



i a* p. 634, a notice of Messrs. Wrench collection of 

 British grown agricultural produce. The museum of 

 Messrs- LaWson is a perfect study for those who are 

 anxious to examine all the varieties of corn, seed, Grass, 

 woods, &c, known in Scotland; but as a practical man, 



some thousands of quarters of corn through my 



cr 



havin^ 



hands in the course of a year, I consider Messrs. 



Wrench's assortment the most useful. I see there at a 

 glance all the well known and favourite corn and seed 

 of the London Corn Exchange. The samples are for 

 last season first-rate, especially the Chiddam Wheat 

 rrrown by Mr. Henry Carrie on his property at West 

 Horsley, near Guildford, and which I consider quite 

 equal, if not superior, to the Prince's sample, and regret 

 with you that this collection arrived too late for com- 

 petition ; as, from its true practical and national cha- 

 racter it is just what was wanted in this class by the 

 foreigner, and our fellow countrymen living far away 



from London. Sam Slick. -We find a paragraph in 



your Gazette of the 1 1th October last, signed " Tuesday/' 

 to the following effect : — " I beg tosuggest that it might be 

 interesting, and also useful, to the unlearned, if Messrs. 

 Wrench were to sell collections cf seeds such as those 

 exhibited by them," alluding to our collection of Wheats, 

 &c., in the Crystal Palace. We do not exactly under- 

 stand what the writer means, but we shall be happy to 

 supply collections of Wheat seeds, &c, of the same 

 varieties as those exhibited by us. We are not aware 

 of any difficulty in this. Wrench and Sons, Lundon-bralye. 



i*oricttcsf* 



Manchester and Liverpool Agricultural Show, 



Oct. 6 and 7. — This show was the fourth of the amal- 

 gamated societies, and the second held in Mancb r ; 

 meetings having also taken place at Liverpool and War- 

 rington. The trial of implements commenced at noon 

 on Monday, in a field near the Trafford Arms Inn, 

 Strctford. ' There was a large attendance, and the trials 

 occupied about five hours. The implements submitted 

 were very numerous, and each was tested* The most 

 important contests were between some two- wheeled 

 ploughs, with the latest improvements, and some of the 

 swing ploughs peculiar to this district. Tin >il *wei 

 in good condition for testing the instruments ; and, on 

 the whole, they were all considered to get through their 

 work in a very creditable manner. The judges con- 

 sidered that the wheeled ploughs had a decided and 

 striking advantage, when it was required that furrows of 

 a greater depth than 5 inches should be produc I ; but 

 the wing ploughs worked in a very satisfactory manner 

 to 5 inches depth, for which they are in general specially 

 constructed. A dynamometer introduced by the society 

 was upon the ground, and its use brought out several 



results, important to the conduct of agricultural labour. 

 Although no striking difference in the draught of the 

 best ploughs of either kind was discovered by the use of 

 the dynamometer, yet the value of the instrument was 

 strikingly exhibited, by the very serious increase in the 

 draught of ploughs, which it showed from an improper 

 or careful adjustment of the different parts, or from 

 general bad gearing. In many cases it was shown that 

 work could be more efficiently performed, with from 10 

 to 20 per cent, less draught power, after proper arrange- 

 ment of the parts of the ploughs ; and in a few cases a 

 much greater saving was effected. The prize for general 

 work was given to a two-wheeled plough by Gascoigne. 

 The show of cattle, &c, took place on Tuesday morning, 

 on a spacious plot of ground adjoining York-street, 

 llulme, which belongs to Mr. S. Brooks, and was some 

 time since walled round, with a view to its being con- 

 verted into a general market for Hulme and its neigh- 

 bourhood. The previous show was held in a very con- 

 fined place, near the Victoria Railway Station ; and the 

 contrast between the appearance of the old and new 

 ground, and the immense accession of convenience to 

 exhibitors and comfort to visitors, was very generally 

 and warmly remarked upon. The collection of cattle 

 and implements was fully equal to that at Warrington 

 last year, far superior to any ever before brought 

 together in Manchester, and was considered to augur 

 well for the future success of the Manchester meetings, 

 which have usually been considered to a great extent 

 failures, as compared with those of the Manchester and 

 Liverpool and other societies, in different parts of this 

 &ud the adjoining counties. — The horned cattle were 

 numerous, and comprised some first-rate specimens, 

 /he prize in Class I., for the best bull of any breed, above 

 j.wo and under four years old, was gained by a short- 

 horn belonging to Mr. T. Birchall, of Ribbleton-hall, 

 near Preston. The prizes for short-horns were awarded 

 to Mr. H. Ambler, of Watkinson-hall, near Halifax; 

 and Mr. J. B. Case, of Poulton Hey, near Birkenhead. 

 Messrs. John Forrest, of Stretton, and Thomas Forrest, 



?., . * r0DUS > near North wich, were the successful ex- 

 hibitors of bulls, in the classes for tenant farmers ; and 

 J° Mr. T. L. J. Brooke, of Mere Old Hall, near Knuts- 



*\°ai tW ° P" zes were awarded, although he was the onlv 

 and ord who exhibited. It is to be regretted that the 



jandlords di(1 n °t manifest their interest in the improve- 

 T J*v., tne breed of cattle, by coming forward more 

 ^dily, ag exhibitors ; for the object to be gained, it 

 ouid be remembered, is far greater than the silver 

 ^dals offered by the society, or the honour which 

 ^caches to their presentation. In Mr. Brooke's c ^e, 

 " e J" es considered that both the beasts exhibited 

 possessed much merit ; and a prize was awarded in 





each instance, although the usual course is not 1 rive a 

 prize where tin is only one competitor for a premium. 

 Mr. Ambler and Mr. .J. Forrest r sited otln 

 for cattle than those mentioned above. — The cows were 

 much commended by the judges, especial Iv th>se ex- 

 hibited by tenant fanners, with respect to which E ne 

 difficulty was felt in deciding which of the ton (for 

 lairy purposes) should be declared the better; Mr. 

 James Gorton, of Seedley. Pendleton, received the first 

 prize, however, for a short-horn ; and Mr. J. CYowther, 

 of Blaekley, the second prize, for a cov of the same 

 description. The prize for extra stock (horned cattle) 

 WU given to Sir T. J. de Trafford, for a splendid four- 

 year-old bull. The show of hors< > was g< 1, in point of 

 numbers : but, with the exception of some few of the 

 stallions, and others, for draught purposes, it was not 

 generally considered first-rate. A chestnut gelding, 

 belonging to Mr. T. Hoyle, of Haslingden, was much 

 noticed and admired ; and re ived the prize "for the 

 best mare or geldin in actual use in the district as a 

 roadster," and Mr. Robert Brown, of Farleigh Wallop, 

 Hants. .rained the prize with a very fine animal, show 

 among the stallions for dray porpos The most 



noticeable feature among th splay of sheep were some 

 very fine specimens of the Southdown breed, xbibite 

 by Viscount Hill, of Hawkestone, near Shrewsbury, who 

 is said to be the fir br< ler in this part of the country, 



for this particular kind of stock, and who SUOtt 1 in 



carrying off tin • or four ot the pri s. Mr. William 

 Ellison, jun., of Sizergh, near Kendal, exhibited some 

 very good rams, as well as several shearling Southdown 

 ewes and Leicester ewe lambs; a I he gained n-veral 



prizes. The pigs, a fu : rat collection, w< in th 



ojfaion of many, superior to anjrcvrr before leefl in 



Manchester ; certainly some of the leasts were enor- 

 mously large and obese. Several of the successful ex- 

 hibitors were residents in Manchester, although they 

 were not generally the br rs of the stock they had 

 contributed to the show. The show of v« ^tables and 



s Is was not large. Mr. Edward J. Pemberton, of 



nkey Lodge, near Warrington, gained the society's 

 silver medal, offered for growers of the be si specimens 

 of yellow or red Wheat. Some of the Wheat, shown 

 in the straw, was much noticed for the great size and 

 weight of the heads, and the remarkable length and 

 good colour of the straw. There were some very fine 



specimens of Mangold Wurzal ; together with a dozen 



enormously lai s and heavy Scotch Cabbages. M< -srs. 

 F. and J. Dickson and Co., of Manchester, exhibited a 

 collection of seeds, <\c, including some of the best and 

 finest seed Wheats from Scotland. The display of agri- 

 cultural implements was large and interesting, although 

 there was, perhaps, nothing that had not been seen at 

 some of the more recent shows in different parts of the 

 country. In the collection exhibited by Messrs. C. I). 

 Young and Co., of Liverpool, the things which attracted 

 most notice were Drummond's anti-metallic churn, the 

 pits of which are evidenced by the fact that it had 

 gained the prize^at the meetings of nine agricultural 

 societies before being^exhibited here, and was similarly 

 honoured on Tuesday; and various sizes of an improved 

 cast-iron rick stand, combining the advantages of being 

 very easily fixed or removed, affording great freedom of 

 ventilation, and preventing the access of vermin to the 

 crop placed upon it. Messrs. Richmond and Chandler, 

 of Salford, had among their implements very compact 

 and useful chaff-cutting machines, of different sizes ; 

 an improved apparatus for steaming Turnips, hay, chaff, 

 &c., for horses and cattle ; and a patent double action 

 Turnip cutter, which can be used either for cutting for 

 sheep or slicing for cattle. A very good collection of 

 implements was also shown by Mr. H. Bennett, of 

 Liverpool, the most important among them being Sillar's 

 new clod-crushing roller, which is said to po ess advan- 

 tages over existing implements of the same kind, both 

 in the facility with which it cleanses itself, and the small 

 amount of power required for its efficient working ; a 

 model of an improved steaming apparatus, which can 

 be easily arranged and effectually worked, either to a 

 greater or less extent, at the option of the manager ; 

 and several improved Gorse, hay, &c., cutters, of various 

 kinds. Among the other exhibitors were Messrs. N. 

 Gascoigne, Thewless and Griffith, William Harkes, 

 David Harkes, H. Kearsley, W. H. Peake ; Lee, Ross, 

 and Co. ; John Whitehead, Lynch and Inglis, &c. 

 Two or three machines for tile making, both for agricul- 

 tural and sanitary purposes, were exhibited in operation. — 



The following were the judges for the different descrip- 

 tions of stock : — Horned cattle : Mr. John Booth, Kil- 

 lerby, near Catterick, and Mr. John Patterson, Hall 

 Beck, near Ulverstone. Horses : Mr. George Hunt, 

 Preston, and Mr. B. Cartledge, Market-street, Sheffield. 

 Sheep and pigs'/. Mr, W, Torr, Aylesby, near Grimsby, 

 and j Mr. W. Henlock, Great Ouseburn, near York. 

 Implements, seeds, and roots : Mr. John Hannam, Kirk 

 Deighton, near Wetherby, and Mr. Thomas P. Outh- 

 waite, Bainesse, near Catterick. — At the dinner, in the 

 Corn Exchange, the Right Hon. the Earl of Wilton, 

 who presided, proposed * Success to the Manchester 

 and Liverpool Agricultural Society." He laid claim to 

 no more knowledge on agricultural subjects than ought 

 to be possessed by every English gentleman of the pre- 

 sent day ; and he would not therefore take up their time 

 bv pretending to fnve mi nninion which svstem of drain- 



that it had been extensively believed that previous to 

 the enactments of 1846, and which were supposed t> 

 have stimulated to great exertion the efforts of the 

 farmers, that that class in England had been deficient 

 injskill, energy, and enterprise ; but long before those 



lid 







I menu, E ;lisli fu run 



sti ed in raising a 

 gi t amount of produce per acre than had r l*en 

 ra 3d by others in Europe, or even in the United State* 

 In France, where the lots/stem was pursued, the pro 

 duce was about 1G I diela per acre, and in the United 

 States about 18; but recent Parliamentary returns 

 shou 1 that in England, at the time of the close of ti 

 American war, the produce was 20 bushels per acre 

 nd that, partly owing to the good und. anding sub- 

 sisting betwi n the landlord and the tenant, partly by 

 the exertions and enterprise of the En ish farmer and 



mainly, perhaps, owing to the m static and encourage- 



meat of agricultural societi , the produce of the land 



f this country had been incremd in 1 »46 to an average 



f 32 bushels yearly, per acre. The same returns also 

 bowed that, while the population had increased 3 per 

 cent., the produce of this country had, during the same 

 period, increased 46 per cent. During the last 10 years, 

 too, above four million hundred v _'hr ofgua.no had been 

 imported from the ports of the Pacific, for the purposes 

 of manure. He mentioned these faets, because a great 



d .1 had been said about the want of skill, energy, and 

 enterprise, on the part of die English farm< t 



enactments of 184G ; but at the same time it could not 

 be denied that important Improvenn /its had taken placo 

 shier th period. He believed that it was nerallj 



acknowledged that agli Iture, in this neighbourhood, 

 was i)i a tolerably Nourishing « ndition t tin's cir- 



cumstance could not l>o cotiMdi reel as a test of the real 

 state of agriculture in the purely rural and corn districts 

 of the country— because he was satisfi 1 of the < n 



■ \ pressed, that the 



tenant farmers who held land surrounding ft jri cultural 

 towns were pretty nearly in the same condition as 

 market gardeners near the metropolis. Whib the most 



eminent statesmen, and the most learned private indi- 

 viduals, differed so widely as they now did as to the cor- 

 rects sor otherwise of the policy of 1846, he thought 



the agriculturists had nothing to do but to wait the issue 



of the great experiment then commenced. Hut he was 

 free to confess that in 1846 he feared that the unre- 

 stricted importation of foreign produce would have the 

 effect of reducing pric« to such an extent as to barely, 



if at all, leave the cultivation of land profitabl ; and the 

 present prices of corn, added to the burdens that now 

 re 1 * \clusively up.>n the land, led him to fear that in 



the agricultural and corn -growing districts it was hardly 



possible for the tenant farmer to make any profit at all, 



or for the landlord to claim that return in the shape of 

 rent to which ho was clearly and justly entitled. ll< 

 had also dreaded — connected and attached as he was 



to this town and neighbourhood, and intermingled as all 



his interests were with the prosperity of the manufac- 

 turing districts — lest when our enterprising manufac- 

 turers met with successful competition abroad, they 



might find, too late, that they had lost their market for 

 their goods. He could only hope and trust that his 

 fears and anticipations upon this subject might not be 

 realised. In common fairness, bo w< r, they ought to 

 ' look to and consider the condition of their brother agricuU 

 turiats who did not possess the advantages which those 

 in this district enjoyed ; for he believed that all whom 

 he was addressing would agree with him in considering 

 the state of agriculture in this d rict to be an excep- 

 tional one. In conclusion, he would say to thosa 

 present, " Exert yourselves to the uttermost, relax not 

 in your effor' for these are not days in which men can 

 stand still." Let landlords and tenants, agriculturists 

 and manufacturers, pull t ;ether, then we might rest 

 assured of the fulfilment of that great object to which 

 we were all looking, namely cheapness of cultivation and 

 increased produce of the soil, and then we should also 

 ensure that which he would now propose to them as a 

 toast, "Success to the Manchester and Liverpool Agri- 

 cultural Society .^ 



A Word hi Season ; or, lore the Corn-Grower may yet 



f/row ritft, and his labourer hippy. Eighth Edition. 

 J. Ridgway, Piccadilly. 



The present edition of a pamphlet with which our 

 readers are already well acquainted, contains a postscript 

 dated September 1851, and an appendix, with plain 

 directions for carrying out the plan of Wheat growing 

 of which the pamphlet speaks. Our extracts embrace 

 portions of both these addenda. 



u The outlay and the produce for the present year, 

 1851, being now ascertained, the account (per acre)^ 

 stands thus 



• I * 



» • • 



• • • 



Ploughing (12*.) the half portion of the acre 

 Harrowing, levelling, and cleaning the foul Btubble. 

 Pressing the channels 



Dropping the seed hy hand 

 1 peck and j of seed (in round 



Rolling ... 



Hoeing the rows, scarifying the intervals, bird 



keeping, and all the operations down to harrestinfl 



and marketing 

 Rates, taxes, and interest 



• . . 



. • ■ 



... 



• • • 



. . . 



« • • 



£ s. 



6 



10 



1 





 

 

 



5 

 2 

 



d 





 





 



• . . 



• •* 



2 

 10 











Total amount of outlay 



Fire quarters and 1 bmhel of Wheat (at 35#.) 

 Two tons of straw (at 405.) 



• - - 



• •• 



• t • 



• •• 



• « . 



• ■ . 



Deduct outlay 



• . ■ 



# - • 



• . . 



n is 







8 15 

 4 







12 15 

 3 15 







...j£9 



Total amount of profit to proprie^r 



Directions for Carrying Out the Plan of Growing 

 Wh t. — "I .suppose at the outset the land intended 



for Wheat, to be Wheat land ; having besides a fair 













