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43 



1851.] 



THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 



681 





PERUVIAN GUANO. 



CAUTION TO AGRICULTURISTS. 

 It b«iD£ notorious that extensive adulterations of this 

 wiNL'Rfi are still carried on, 



ANTONY GIBBS AVD SONS. AS TTIE 



ONLY IMPORTERS OF PERUVIAN GUANO, 



Ooesiderit to be their duty to the Peruvian Government and 



tithe PubKc again to recommend Farmers and all others who 



l*y to be carefully on their guard. 



the character of the partus from whom they purchase will 

 of course be the best security, and in addition to particular 

 attention to that point, ANTONY GIBBS and SONS think it 

 Ytll to remind buyers that — 



The lowest wholesale price at which sound Peruvian 

 Qwno has been sold by them during the last two years 

 is 91. os. per ton, less 2\ per cent 



Any resales made by dealers at a lower price must therefore 

 tither leave alos8 to them, or the article must be adulterated. 



riMlE^"LONDON~MANURE COMPAN YHbigHto 



A off-r PERUVIAN GUANO, warranted perfectly genuine ; 

 Superphosphate of Lime, Wheat Manure, Concentrated Urate, 

 Irish Peat Charcoal, Gypsum, Nitrate of Soda, and every arti- 

 fcUl Manure, on the best terms. Also a constant supply of 

 Salt for Agricultural purposes, at a low rate. English and 

 foreign Linseed Cake, Rape Cake, &c. 



EowatD Pp*se*. Secretary, Bridge-stree t, Black friars. 



MANURES. — The following Manures are manu- 

 factured at Mr. Lawes's Factory, Deptfjrd Creek : 



Clover Manure, per ton £11 



Turnip Manure, do 7 



Superphosphate of Lime 7 



Sulphuric Acid and Coprolites 5 



Office, 69, Kinjr William-street, City, London. 

 N.B. Peruvian Guano, guaranteed to contain 16 per cent, of 

 Ammonia, 9L 10s. per ton ; and for 5 tons or more, N. 5s. per 

 too, in thick. Sulphate of Ammonia, &c. 



RT1 FICIAL MANURES.— Private instructions in 



Chemical Analysis and the most approved methods of 

 making Artificial Manures are given by J. C. Nisbit, F.C.S., 

 F.G.S., at the Laboratories, Scientific School, 38, Kennington- 

 line, London. 



Analyses of Soils, Manures, Minerals, Ac, performed as 

 usual, on moderate terms, 



STEPHENSON and Co., 61, Gracechurch-street, 

 London, and 17, New Park-street, Southwark, Inventors 

 and Manufacturers of the Improved CONICAL and DOUBLE 

 •CYLINDRICAL BOILERS, respectfully solicit the attention of 

 scientific Horticulturists to their much Improved method of 

 applying the Tank System to Pineries, Propagating Houses, 

 <fcc, by which atmospheric heat as well as bottom heat is 

 secured to any required degree, without the aid of pipes or flues. 

 S. and Co. have also to Btate that at the request of numerous 

 friends they are now making their Boilers of Iron, as well as 

 Copjier, by which the cost is reduced. These Boilers, which 

 are bow so well known, scarcely require description ; but to 

 those who have not seen them in operation, prospectuses will 

 be forwarded, as well as references of the highest authority ; or 

 they may be seen at most of the Nobility's seats and principal 

 Surseries throughout the Kingdom. 



S. and Co. beg to inform the Trade that at their Manufactory, 

 17, New Park-street, every article required for.the construction 

 sfflorticultural Buildings, as well as for heating them, may 

 to obtained upon the most advantageous terms. 



Conservatories, 4c, of Iron or Wood, erected on the most 

 •rnamen-al designs. Balconies, Palisading, Field and Garden 

 Fence*, Wire-work, &c. 



cMlTHFIELD CLUB, 1851.— CHRISTMAS FAT 



O CATTLE SHOW.-Prize Sheets and Blank printed Forms 

 of Certificates may now be obtained, on application to the 

 Honorary Secretary. 



The last day for receiving Entries is SATURDAY, the 15th 

 K0VEMBER, 1851. 



The Anniversary Dinner of the Club will take place at the 

 raiEMASONs' Tavern on the Wednesday of the Show Week, 

 instead of the Friday, as heretofore. 



B. T. Brandreth Gibbs, Hon. Sec, 

 Corner of Half Moon. street, rircarjillv. L ondon. 



KESSINGLAND WHEAT.— Persons desirous of 

 cult vating this productive and new variety of Wheat, can 

 ftbtain it by applying to William Griffin, Eydon, Daren- 

 try, uho is sending it out in quantities not less than half 

 quarters, at the rate of Gs. per bushel, including bags. Carriage 

 paid to London. Orders accompanied by post-office orders will 

 he punctually attended to. 



^ 



CHEAP AND DURABLE ROOFING. 



THERMOMETERS. 



UENRY BAKER'S (90, Hatton Garden, London). 



accur.i 

 and cold 



List ot Trices. Every ins-rumeut ma-e bv him warrat te 

 ite.-U'riicalfelf.regi^Uring THERMOMETER, for In a 

 >ld, of the beat construction, and not liable to get out oi 

 order, H inches -high in copper case, It 5s. ; in japan cate. 

 U. Is., and U ; 10 inches high, in copper case, 11. 2s. ; in japan 

 case, 185. Horizontal Thermometers for registering the ex 

 treme of cold only, i$ 6d ; Hot-bed Thermometers, in oak 

 frames, 11. Is ; copper frames, 11. 5j. Thermometers for 

 Brewing, Baths, Ac, in copper cases, 14 inches, It td • 

 10 inches, 5s. Cd. ; 8 inches, 4s. 6d. ; in j apan cases, 14 inches 5s • 

 10 inches, 3s. Bd. ; S inches, 2*. 6d. Dr. Mason's U\grormter' 

 or wet bulb Thermometer, for showing the humidity* of the air, 

 with tables, ivory scale, U. ; wood, 15s. An invaluable instru- 

 ment in Hothouses, Sick Chambers, «fcc. Wheel Barometer- 

 from Id. Is. each, sent, securely packed, without fear cf getting 

 out of order. 



aTive agricultural enwttt. 



SATURDAY, OCTOBER 25, 1851. 



MEETINGS FOR THE TWO FOI )VFING WEEKS. 



T«u««n4T, Oct. 30-Ajrrirultural Imp. Soe. of Ireland. 

 TauMiDAi, Nof. 6-Ajcrieultural lmp.Soc. of Ireland. 



r.il adoption, but 



the wreathe] the h of ■eriou 



pear 



hese 



1 .mortance in out-door operation*, does not aj» 



10 have been considered by the parties making t 



recommendations, the trials have been unfavourable 

 to the spread of the south country practice, both in 

 respect of hay and corn harvest. 



It is very singular that Wheat succeeds so well 

 after Clover in the south, whilst it is only on the 

 very best description of soils that this plan can be 

 followed in the north. We also observe beautiful 

 crops of Wheat on mossy land b Lincolnshire, 

 where nothing but Oats could be si c essfully grown 

 in Scotland. The climate must be the cause of this 

 difference — but to which 



Is it the greater 



Notwithstanding all that has been said and done 

 by the various Agricultural Societies, both national 

 and provincial, there are yet many anomalies in the 

 practice of various districts, which strike an observe 

 as being strangely at variance with the customs of 

 other portions of the country. Every one who has 

 had the good fortune to pass along the Great Northern 

 Railway, must have admired the splendid fanning 

 and magnificent crops in Lincolnshire. Such crops 

 and management might he supposed to include every 

 farm requisite in a similar style. This, however. 

 is far from being the case, particularly with regard 

 to the farm building*. Strange as it may seem, 

 we believe there is no portion of England so much 

 behind as some parts of Lincolnshire are in thi 

 respect. Many of the farms are almost destitute of 

 stables for the farm horses, the poor animals having 

 no shelter, except a large shed and open yard* 

 And as for fattening cattle, we were often 

 surprised to observe no other accommodation 

 than an open yard without any shed whatever, the 

 sides of the yard being formed of thorns wattled 

 into rails, the rakings of the stubbles being built up 

 along one or more sides, partly for shelter, but more 

 for the sake of convenience for litter. 





It would seem 



if the district had burst at 



BY HER 

 MAJESTY'S 



ROYAL LETTERS 

 PATENT. 



M'XEILL and Co., of Lamb's-buildings, Bunhill- 



■ row, London, the Manufacturers and only Fatentees of 

 THE ASPHALTED FELT FOR ROOFING 

 *ousei, Farm Buildings, Shedding, Workshops, and for Garden 

 Purposes, to protect Tlants from Frost. 



•irV^ e Great National Agricultural Shows, it is this Felt 

 juich has been exhibited and obtained two Silver Medal 

 ™*es, and is the Felt solely patronised and adopted by 



Her Majesty's Woods and Forests, 



Honourable Board oe Ordnance, 



HONOCEABLE ElST INDIA CoMPANT, 



Honourable Commissioners of Customs, 

 Her Majestt's Estate, Isle of Wight, 

 And ^ 0TA L Botanic Gardens, Regent's Paek, 



tod w ******* the Duke.* of Sutherland, Norfolk, Bat. 

 Iiiat ? ca f tle » Northumberland, Buccleuch (at Richmond), 

 Mat *h n S P encer » and m <>3t of the Nobility and Gentry, 



•fTiare RoiAL Agricultural Society's House, Hanover. 



•ffects » alf the price of any other description of Roofing, and 

 IfaHo ** great saving of Timber in the construction of Koofs. 



once into a condition fit for producing corn and 

 feeding cattle, without going through the long inter- 

 mediate stages during which, in other portions of 

 the country, farm buildings have been gradually 

 erected. Still it will strike a farmer accustomed to 

 the noble farm buildings of the north of England 

 and Scotland, — and even the holders of the mud- 

 built farm steadings of Wiltshire, Somerset, or Devon, 

 will be astonished — to see land that produces such 

 crops of Wheat as we ^see this season in Lincoln- 

 shire, so ill provided with the first necessaries of 

 farming. 



Having mentioned Wiltshire, we are reminded of 

 a practice followed to a great exent in that country. 

 The sheep are at a certain hour every evening 

 brought home and enclosed in as small a space as 

 possible, by means of hurdles on the bare fallows, 

 for the purpose of manuring them. If this be the 

 best means to effect the latter purpose, it cannot 

 possibly be the best method of fattening the unfor- 

 tunate sheep. We have often expre ed our hesita- 

 tion in finding fault wi(h the established practice of 

 any district ; but, surely, in this day of artificial 



some other plan of 



manures and green crops 



manuring the land might be devised. 



Our north country friends often express surprise 

 at seeing so much work still done by means of bul- 

 locks. It does seem strange that the superiority of 

 horses should be regarded as a settled question at 

 one end of the kingdom, and yet remain a disputed 



V 



e to any length by 32 inches mde. 



Price One Penny per Square Foot. 



point at the other. 



One of the most influential periodicals of the day 

 has expressed great surprise at learning that 0000 

 horse-power is the extent to which portable steam 



threshing-machines are now employed. To a Scotch , _.. ~v~ — , ~ ~ «__ 



farmer, the idea of being obliged to hire a threshing- such varied sources is the fine detritus derived, 



mm * ■ 1 I* 1 rf* 1 * Til t_ * T_ * 1 llT 1_ A 



of the climatic agencies 

 are we to attribute the difference, 

 or less GUI of rain ? Can it be the slight difference 

 in the annual temperature ? Or can the greater 

 amount of sunshine and clear weather be the cause? 

 We have often been struck with the practice of 

 giving sheep a run over perhaps 10 acres of Turnips 

 at one break, as is frequent in S (land; whilst in 

 tho southern counties, these Turnips would have 

 been doled out in small portions, at two or three 

 tons a day. The latter must be the more econo- 

 mical plan, and why it is not universally adopted by 

 the intelligent fanners of Scotland, we are at a loss 

 to understand. 



As we have intimated, some of these different 

 practices must originate in the difference of climate, 

 soils, and situations; hut still there are some of 

 them for which this reason cannot be assigned. 

 Those errors in practice, which have arisen from the 

 isolated position of our farmers, must fast disappear 

 before the information which is forced upon them 

 by the many opportunities they have ol meeting 

 together. And in this way, there can be no doubt 

 hut the superior facilities afforded by railways will 

 benefit agriculture, at the same time with every 

 other branch of industry in the kingdom. 



We pointed out, in a former article, the varied 

 sources from which the material must have been 

 derived which form the alluvial soils deposited by 

 the Severn. The rock formations which have con- 

 tributed to the soils of the H umber, are not less 



various. The Hull unwaters the thick argillaceous 

 deposit of Till, or boulder clay, which forms the 

 lower portion of the erratic tertiaries, northern drift, 

 or diluvium, and which covers the chalk, in Holder- 

 ness to the depth of more than lonfeet. It also 

 drains the thin film of sandy loam which is the 

 general covering of the same rock in the U olds of 

 Yorkshire. The Derwent, with its upper tribu- 

 taries, rises among the siliceous, calcareous, and 

 argillaceous strata of the lower, middle, and upper 

 oolites. It crosses the lias for something more than 

 five miles, and flows through the new red for 

 nearly five times that distance before its confluence 

 with the Ouse, below SSelby. The head waters of 

 the Ouse have their origin among the strata of 

 the lias and the new red. The springs of the 

 Swale, the Yare, the Lidd, and the Wharf, issue 

 from the carboniferous limestone, and tra rse 

 the millstone grit, the new red sandstone, and 

 the coal measures. The coal measures, with the 

 other rocks above named, occupy a large portion 

 of the area drained by the Aire and the Duve. The 

 Dove and the Trent issue from the carboniferous 

 limestone ; the Dove having been derived from a 

 portion of that formation associated with basalt and 

 green stone. Both rivers flow through the millstone 

 grit, and the new red sandstone, and receive some 

 contributions from the coal measures. The course 

 of the Trent, from Nottingham till it falls into the 

 I lumber, lies through the new red ; but the ancient 

 alluvium on its banks, formed under a different 

 system of levels, and beyond the depositing influence 

 of the present stream, though within the reach of its 

 eroding action, is of a mixed composition, very 

 different from the new red on which it rests. On 

 the west, tributaries bring detritus from the magne- 

 sian limestone ; on the east from the lias. From 





C , -v-» v^L aj&c«aix rfiA cyuanr, a uui . 



<**ven ' witb Birecrions f° r its Use » and Testimonials 



tittnen I* *f- S ' ex P erience » with references to Noblemen, Qen- 

 k*n or cmtect *» and Builders, sent free to any part of the 

 **. Tu 0l i? tr ?i and orders bv post executed. 



* Great u • . c is ca <*tioned that the only Works in London 



1 oritain where the above RooHng is made, are 



P *feut Put F ' M 'NEILL and CO.'S 



London it Manufactory, Lamb's-buildings, Bunhill-row, 



J he bVw v™ Roof8 covered w * tn the Felt may be seen. 

 Waiter u .y^Ckancellor's Courts, at the entrance of West- 

 u o }ei*« ■ ■ ' Were roofed w »th F. M'Xeill and Go's Felt about 

 *'*• IieVu °- e ' UDder the Surveyorehip of Chaa. Barry, Esq., 



* HtiifipH • e u ty ' a ConraiMioners f Woods and Forests are 

 *to«e R< ^ *' the r ««ul* that they have ordered the Com- 

 ••fcPelt r? atthe Hou «<* of Parliament to be roofed with 



* f TE r ^ uanut y altogether used, 24.CO0 <eeU 

 *** in' w7L 8U ?* pg 8endin K direct to the Factory can be sup- 

 *°*ore th5I *u 8t 8uited t0 their Roofs, so that they pay for 



•* Proxx**^ 11 .?* * ffopd e d on the construction of Roofs, or 

 °P<*td particular application of the Felt, 



machine, instead of having one of his own, would be 

 insufferable ; and we apprehend there would be 

 no difficulty in finding more than 6000 horse-power 

 in fixed machines in a very few of the Border coun- 

 ties. Can this striking difference in practice have 

 arisen from the sense of insecurity, arising from the 

 riots and incendiarism, which a few years ago dis- 

 graced the southern counties, and of which threshing- 

 machines were always the first object of attack ? 



The method of securing the hay is as different in 

 the south of England from that universally practised 

 in the north, as it possibly can be ? and nothing would 

 excite greater astonishment on the part of a north 



to see the Barley cut down 



There can be 



which is brought down by the rivers which fall into 

 the estuary of the Humber ; but neither the modern 

 warp, with which the industry of man causes 

 the muddy waters of the Trent and the Humber to 

 enrich the barren tracts which border the estuary, 

 nor the similar alluvial deposits formed naturally 

 more than two thousand years ago, are composed 

 wholly of matter brought down by those rivers, and 

 derived from the waste of the rocks through which 

 they flow, nor even from that of the erratic deposits 

 which are spread, more or less, over their catch- 

 ment basins. A large portion of the materials which 

 compose the sediment thic a n down in the process of 

 warping was traced, Jena since, by Professor Pnaurs, 

 to the wasting clti, of Holdemess, whence it is 



the flood-tide. He 



countryman, than 10 see 



like hay, as is done in Devonshire. 



no doubt but these opposite practices depend in a 



great measure upon the more settled weather of the 



southern counties. The harvest customs of these -, — , 



districts have sometimes been recommended for gene- I the season when these rivers are in liood. 



brought up the estuary by , 



inferred this from the fact that a larger quantity of 

 sediment is deposited in the summer than during 



F ' n - - a More 





