41 



THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE 



69? 



boiM 



information as we possess, 



ptlier characteristics 



«Q intending 



•grant 



In reference to Canada we 



wick 



tural methods and results may e held to be preu 

 nearly alike in both pr< noes : and on these subjects 

 Professor Johnston's report is particularly full and 

 explicit We hardly know how to present its statements 

 in a sufficiently brief manner by extnu : but, perhaps 

 the following will be the most valuable ces of informa- 

 tion, when taken in eonn< ion with an examination of 

 the produce in the Crystal Palace :• — 



« Climate.— U we suppose the year to consist #>nly , 

 of a summer and a winter, and that the lenmh of tiie 

 summer is very nearly represented by the interval ! 

 between the earliest sewing and the latest reaping. V* 



1. Canadian Prod woe. 

 have all the information that can be desired on these 

 points, in Professor John-ton's valuable report on the 

 Agricultural Capabilities of the adjoining Province of 

 .New Brunswick.* We have not hitherto referred to 

 this report, but would do so now to point out to tlfe agri- 

 cultural or geological student where he will find the 

 model of a geo-a^rieultural review of the capabilities of 

 a district We had occasion some weeks ago to refer to 

 Professor Johnston's * Notes on North America," as a 

 tslaable work for the intending emigrant. If any one 

 shall have considered rorn its perusal that New Bruns- 

 offers as likely a reward for his labour and capital 

 as any other of the provinces referred to in that work, 

 be will probably desire further information regarding it ; 

 and we now assure him that he will find all this in full 

 detail in the work we now refer to. 



The de ils regarding climate are to be considered as 

 S rather too favourable account for Canada — where the 

 winters are, no doubt, severe : but the general agricul- 



TIMES OP SOWING AND 11APTNO THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF DRAINS AND HOOTS I\ THE 



SEVERAL PARTS Ok HIE PROVINCE. 



in those Btan-ments 



obtain from the preceding Table the .™„„._ «„*» «<u 

 deductions : — 

 1st Barljest sowing in the province 17th March. 



Latest plonking in the province .. 1st D. 



Longest summer from these data, 8 ro< ntbs and 14 day«. 



2d. Infest early sowing 15ih Mav. 



Earliest; e ploughing 1st Not. 



Shortest summer fi n ti . lata, 5 months and 15 days. 



3d. Mean length ot the fuinmer ir.m these two results. 

 6 months and 22 days. 



4th. Average interval between the earliest sowing and latest 

 ploughi — or mean length of summer — deduct d by ining 



all the returns In the j receding table, 6 months and liyir 



The following is a portion of the returns relating to 

 the seedtime and harvest of the three chief corn crops : 



thousand. ™ - — . ^ 



COUNTIES. No. 



• •• 



• • 



• ■ - 



• • • 



« ■ ■ 



• > 



« ■ . 



• • 



St. J>hn 



Cntrlotta 

 Ditto 



Ditto 



i'ittO 



Ditto 



Wes morels nd 

 Ditto 

 Ditto 

 Ditto 

 Ditto 

 Ditto 

 Ditto 

 Ditto 



Wheat 



Sowing. 



• • • 



■ ■ ■ 



• . . 



« ■ • 



• •• 



t • • 



• • - 



• • • 



■ 





1 



9 



3 



4 



5 



6 



7 



8 



9 



10 



11 



If 



14 

 10 



April 15 to May 15 

 April 20 to May 1 



April 25 to May 10 



April 20 to May 1 



May 1 to 10 



May 1 



April 



A pril 1 to May 3e 



May 1 to June 1 



May 1 to 20 



April and May 



Atri. 15 to May 15 



May 1 to 31 

 Way 10 to SO 



Reaping. 



Da&LEi 



Sowing. 



Reaping. 



• « • 





• • • 



Aug. 20 to Sep. 1 



Sep. 1 



Aug. 20 to Sep. 1 



Sept. 1 



August 



Aug. 10 to Sep. 20 



Aug. 30. 



September 



Aug. and Sept. 



Aug.20coSep.2() 



Aug. 15. 

 Ausr.io tn <ep 10 



. • • 



• * * 



• • 9 



- 





May 15 



Miy 15 to 25 

 May 20 to Jun. 10 



• - . 



J a n e 



• *• 



• • ? 



Out 



8owing. 



Heaping. 





Sept 1 



Aug. 25 to SO 



Aug. 20 



Apr. 15 to May 1& 



Apr. 20 to May 10 



Apr Mia May lu 



May 1 to 15 



Apr.*otoJune20 



• * t 



• • . 



• ■ 



M M 



• • 



Sep'emher , — w/ 



Ma> 10 to June C Aug. 20to p.2#|Apr« 1 to May 30 

 June 1 Sept. 1 Ma\ 1 



September May 1 ss 20 



Ditto April" and May 



August May 



September | May 1 I o 31 



Apr. ?Q to Jun < 



Aug. 15 to S p. 15 

 Aug. ?0 to «ep. 10 



An io to a* l 



,Au>', 28 t Sep. 15 

 Aug. 20 to Oct, 





• • . 



Jane 1 to 20 



Juno 

 May 



June 15 to 30 

 June 1 • 





August 



Aug. 10 to Sep. 20 



Sfpt. 1. 



September 

 Aug. snd Se 



afepte ber 



Aug. 13. 



FARMING \PITAL. 



Rkfeatedlt reading statement* in the Omuke upon 

 tins subject, man of th< m so extravagant aa to fH ten 



r deter anvon from et nw the T lallsTi III of farming 

 such as the article called « A Bull-bneeding Farm. 

 No. ;.:«_Ido not mean to » here i hing false 



I am induced to send an esti- 

 mate, and plan of \ roc ling, to encourage persons of 

 nail means, j at out the best plan to eeoftomiBe, and 

 endeavour to show that a few hundreds on a small farm 



land, well managed, will prove aa profitable 



Due. I am quits sure we must 

 as one of the principal remedies for * present 

 prices,* farmers concentrating capital and energy. I 

 therefore, by your pen n, enclose an estimate of a 



60 acre farm. I 1 ve been as concise as I can . bu 



should any of your r< era \\ ish it, I shall be most 

 happy in giving detail of practice, but 1 w >uld strongly 

 advise amateurs to go on a farm for a year or two before 

 commencing for themselves, ther y combining, if only 

 a little, " prai e with science," without which I should 

 despair of th • success. 



1. Chi Uol m.~ We will suppose it entered at 

 Lady day, 1 2, with the usual privilefe of going in to 



till Wheat and Vttehes in the autumn of 1851, for 



which you can generally hire the out-going farmer's 



horses, &c. Should then not beany <*m m seeded 



out M m ii ( r. ou should also till the quantity 



Baaed in the rotation. You need i t spend more than 

 207. for implements for a sir or i . until j n u turn 

 j i <urself round." Attend' the (arm Ssl< nd there you 

 will nt very 4 useful ones for a tril \ ou can aJ*> 



purchase ; h1 working horses for about IQL each ; but 

 these, as well as implements, should be re pi seed 



soon as possible for young horses, and the most im 



proved machines. 



Now, the following result arises out of a comparison (any evil which may arise from th 



Days. 

 22 



17 



of these two extracts 



Tk , . Months. 



iheave: re deration of summer 6 



The average period of growth of crops from the 



above Table 3 



Leaving for the spring and autumn ploughing] 



«c, before seed time and eftcr reaping ... 8 



" It must be confessed that these periods are short com- 

 pared with the length of time for out-door labour which 

 the English and more southern Scott b fanners possess. 

 The effect of this, if other things were equal, would be to 

 impose upon the New Brunswick farmer the necessity 

 of employing a larger force of men and cattle to per- 

 form the work of a farm of equal extent than the 

 British farmer needs to do. If this be so, the effect 

 must be to increase the comparative outlay of the New 

 Brunswick cultivator, and to diminish in a proportional 

 degree his profits. 



.— * -j — ; thus — 1st. 



the number of days during which rain impedes the 

 operations of the British farmer is notoriously very 

 great But in New Brunswick the climate is more steady 

 and equable. 



"I am informed that the severe frosts in winter 

 generally penetrate so deep into tho ground, ef | cially 

 when it is not covered with Grass, as to raise up and 

 separate the particles from each other to a consid* rable 

 depth ; so that when the thaw comes, r s air dy so 

 loose and open as scarcely to require ploughing at all, 

 or, if ploughed, to be done with little force and great 

 speed." 



I 



I 



P 



en h- h- C c* 



ca 



«*i 





e« §5 22 

 lifl. 



3 



55. 



•5 



3 



««M«i c*h- h- zxm 



8 S1 



s» ii e c 

 B > A sT 3 



o 



S 



vr 





The subject of climate, in all its details of temperature 

 and rain, is described IB full detail, and its effects on 

 agriculture discussed, both as regards the modes of practice 

 - (rr -. which it necessitates, and the resulting produce which 



I wo points, however, have been brought under my it yields. On this last point we extract one mom 

 notice as in some measure palliating or countervailing I passage : 



MAXIMUM, MINIMUM, AND AVSRAQE PFIODUCK OF WffEAT, BARLEY, / 



IN EACH COUNTY IN TIIE PROVINCE. 





en 



C« «-l 



CRSS 



r c 





o 



COUNTIES. 



Wheat. 





Maximum 



I 



s • • 



• . . 



• • « 



Saint John 



Ch.irlotte 



Westmorel; 

 King's ... 



Qaeea's 



York 



Sunbury 



Carleton 



Albert 



Kent 



Northumberland 

 Gloucester 



Kes'.igouche ... 



« •» 



*•• 



• *• 



. 1 ■ 



• *• 



• * « 



• 9 9 



• • • 



• •• 



• • • 



• •• 



• • 1 



* r» 



• •t 



• • • 



• it 



• ■ • 



20 



• t • 



35 



t fl • 



25 



• • • 



3> 



* • • 



20 



• ■ > 



32 



• • . 



30 



• •• 



• m m 



• * * 



25 



• 1 . 



40 



\Iioimum. Average. 



Barlet. 



Oat». 



Maximum 



* • « 



• • « 



Maxima, Minima, and) 

 Averages for the whole) 

 Protlnce ... j 



• * * 



30 

 28 



40 



Minimum. Average. 



vfaximurr Minimum 





 20 

 15 

 18 

 19 

 20 



16 

 20 

 25 

 25 

 60 



• • • 



40 



24 



eo 



26 1 



45 



28J 



60 



18 



60 



34J 



CO 



30 



80 



• • * 



so 



22} 



40 



20 



35 



29$ 



40 



30 

 60 



40 

 60 



80 

 25 

 80 



2 

 13 



80 



20 

 25 

 25 

 28 

 50 



Average. 







o 







£ g m C 



Sc 5 |3 



•2 



10 



29 



(ft 



1 



35 



32 



29 

 181 



28 



80 

 3<f 



34 



50 



Ci»« Cn 



*- C* 09 



4 



< d 



t 1 O 



23 = 3 



c o 7 3. 



•I 



m 



f 



: 



*i 





i 



34 



AVERAGE PRODUCE PER IMPERIAL ACRE, 



State of New Yobs. New Brunswick. 



14 bushels. 20 bushels. 



Wheat .. 



Barlev 

 Oats 



Buckwheat 

 Indian Corn 



Potatoes . . 



Turnips 



Hay 



Th 



• • • 



• t t 



• ■ ■ 



• I ff 



16 

 23 



n 



25 



88 



n 

 »» 



s» 



19 

 »> 



facts, and especially 



29 

 34 



204 



3 



41 

 226 



460 „ 

 If tons. 



those relating to 





u 



e above 

 umate, will prepare our readers for the information 

 V'f 1 ew °f the samples of agricultural produce, exhi- 

 ! tcd by Canada, in the Crystal Palace, were remarkable 

 w excellence of quality. 



the specimens which come within the scope of our 

 £-niarks are included between Nos. 27 and 71 in the 



bv \, 0gUe ' Amon S tnese tllc barrels of Peas, exhibited 



jv «< rs. Jones, of Sydney ; and Limoges, of Terre- 



ane ; the flour exhibited by Messrs. Simpson, of 



^ournanville; the Hops shown by Mr. Smith, of 



of Kingaey ; and the 



of Burodan, 

 the Peas and 



7 .._ ^ manufactured article), 



none of them indicate the more general agricultural 

 capabilities of the country. The specimens of Wheat, 

 Barley, Oats, and Beans, to which one looks as indices 

 on this subject, have not been held deserving of 

 reward ; and indeed, excepting the Beans and the 

 Kidney Beans — especially the specimens shown by Mr, 

 Fisher, of Pwiviere du Prairie ; and by Madame 

 Lamere, of Montreal ; and C. Fournier, of Longueville 

 none of the specimens came up to the character of a 

 first-rate sample of English growth. The Oats were 

 not so clear and short and plump as are not uncom- 

 monly seen at English markets ; ami the Wheats, for 

 selected specimens, were not creditable to the growers. 

 In so far as their character wa§ the unavoidable con- 

 sequence of climate, of course nothing can be said in 

 disparagement of it ; but the specimen shown by the 

 Provincial Agricultural Association was mixed, evi- 

 dently containing more than one variety of Wheat, 



» £ C S3 



A m O r^ 



<a» 



<w*» 



I 



CM 



S 





c- 



a 





CK03*4 CTH*M « C* 



•-* 



3 



R 5 



m S» * C c 





9 



• 





f 





ExPEnniTtnu. 



Purchaiing: stock, Ac—You should purchase 2 sow§ £ 



re tdy to litter in March, '\L each 6 



In May, 10 fresh ca ved cows, wiih heifer calves, 15J. 150 



noi*c™ ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• •*• *v 



Implements ... ... ..* ... ... ... ... 90 



In October, 5 yearling heifer*, 5 do. steeri, & ... 50 



lU GWES as a ••• in •»♦ ••* •*• ■•• *V 















• 











:£268 



%> — -— "^ > ^«« xiups siiuwii uy awr. oiimu, vi i and it contained Oats as well, and certain Iv -it ought not 



^wmstenri . «_i 41 , 1 t... m»« w.k- I . , . . - the Exhibition. For the red we 



pr 



Published at PredericUton. 



Beans 



series. 



* The 3 acres Turnips mutt be after Vetches or early , 

 C'ibbatres. The Potatoes should be all early sorts, none later 

 than V rk Pegent's; but would advise earlier, to come up in 

 July, when a g d crop of Turnips can be got af »r. 



f I would strongly advise early Potato** and Mangold? 



Wurael to jjrow together, the farmer 1 yard between the ryws, 

 thereby giving you 10 acres of Potatoes, and quite as heavy a 

 crop of Mangold Wurael p<r acre, making an addt'ion of 125 

 tons more root*. This double cropping I find answer exceed- 

 ingly we I. I grew a g«*od crop cf Carrots, under Barley, last 

 >ear ; and three crops off another piece, viz.. Potatoes i yard 

 apart, two rows of C< rrot« between ; after Potatoes, good crop 

 of Turnips. This year I have got two cr * of Turnip* on 

 the same ground 24 inches between the rows; also have a 



good crop of <"urro»f* between Mangold Wurael, nt 27 Inches 

 between ; also a i »mising Cfop of stubble Turnips. These 

 would be valuable additions to my estimate, but require pecu- 

 liar treatment. 



X You will not require immediate cash for yearling luifrrs 

 steers, ewts, oilcake, and halt for labour, or impemeata 



