



THE AGRICULTURAL 



GAZETTE. 



'With your own, 14 six months pigs and ^*^«™ 



will be your winter stock ; but these will not be suffi- 

 cient to consume all your food, you should therefore 

 purchase some extra cows or steers to make fat, ana 

 part with them as your own stock comes on ; or tat me 

 whole of your own pigs, the six months as baconers, the 

 autumn litters as porkers. 



Other Expenses. 

 Bent, 11. 105. per acre, and 10J. taxes 

 Labour, 2 men, say ... 

 1 boy ia the house ... 

 Manure— guano, bone, and soot ... 



Oilcake, &c. 

 Tradesmen 



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* ■ t 



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> i • 



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*»• 



• • t 



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• # • 



■ * » 



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£ 

 100 



50 



25 

 25 

 25 



5. d. 

 

 





 

 





 

 



• »■ 



Say, with the stock and implements 

 Acres. Pboddce. 



15 Wheat, 5 quarters to acre, at 40* 

 7 Barley, 6 do. do. 5SI. 



3 Oats, fed. 



5 Potatoes, 102. per acre 



5 Mangold Wurzel ... 



3 Turnips 

 1 Carrots 



1 Parsnips 



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...£500 



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... 150 

 half 29 



■ a • 



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. - • 



50 



• - - 



• »t 



« t • 



* • « 



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#•• 



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^229 



*** 



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215 



Pboduce of Stock. 



10 cows, 101. each ., 



.5 2-year-old heifers, sold at 122. 



5 2-year-old fat steers, at 172. 

 Profit on 10 ewes, sold fat 

 10 lambs, at 11. 5s. 

 10 fat pigs, at 51. 

 18 stores, at 12. 105. 



• •ft 



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t • * 



• • 



« • • 



• •• 



• •« 



• • • 



• ■ • 



• *« 



• ft « 



• *« 



ft ft ft 



100 







* • « 



• ft • 



60 







• •• 



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85 







• ft • 



• •ft 



10 







• •• 



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13 10 







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• •• 



50 







• •• 



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27 







Thus, supposing the farm to 

 «rder, breeding and fatting all 

 will stand thus— 



^573 10 



have got into working 

 your own, the expenses 



Rent, &c. ... 



Labour 



Manure and cake 



Tradesmen 



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• t • 



£100 

 50 

 50 

 25 



















From produce 

 Expenses ... 



...£573 

 225 



• • • 



Profit ...£318 



£225 



E. Ilulme, near Torquay, Devon. [Is this given as 

 experience ?] 



high. 



Home Correspondence. 



Ilussey's American Reaping Machine. — On the 16th of 

 October I went over to Sydenham, to see this wonderful 

 machine ; had it been mine, I certainly would not have 

 risked its reputation upon such poor and half dried up 

 Clover of various heights, from 2 inches to 8 inches 



When viewing it, before it started, it looked a 

 very humble affair. At last a couple of dancing post- 

 horses were yoked to it, and a sort of postillion got up 

 in the saddle. Thinks I, you look more like going to a 

 wedding than shearing. The first bout this machine 

 cut all that was high enough for the clippers ; the rush 

 after it completely crushed the piece of Clover down, and 

 sin the second attempt, from the pressure of people and 

 the Clover together, the machine failed— this highly 

 pleased a great many, the fate of it was sealed in their 

 minds. An old farmer, in order further to work out its 

 disgrace, halloed out, « Can it cut Rushes V 9 " Yes," 

 says Hussey. Away we all went to a swampy piece of 

 ground, full of humps and bumps and Rushes ; it started, 

 And at the rate of four miles or more an hour, down 

 came every Rush, and doing its work quite to the satis- 

 faction of all. Now if it can cut down nearly ripened, 

 hard, wiry Rushes, what chance can corn stand ? What 

 a glorious machine, thought I ; for many a back-ache had 

 I in my young days at reaping. James Cuthill, Camber- 



well. 



Game. — What lias become of all the hares and rabbits 

 round Manningtree and Wix ? Has my reverend oppo- 

 nent snared them all ? They are not even mentioned 

 in his reply to me. He says, the sources of my infor- 

 mation are not trustworthy. Now, on the subject I have 

 received no information from any living person. I have 

 lived in too many counties in the United Kingdom not 

 to observe and see the bad effects of the vermin called 

 game, in some places, especially in England, deteriorating 

 ^he land by one-haif its value. This is an opinion Ion* 

 formed by many : Mr. Smith, of Deanston, 30 yearl 

 ago, was of that opinion ; Mr. Mechi, Mr. Davis, the 

 reverend author of the « Word in Season," and, dare I 

 say my reverend opponent, in his own mind, thinks the 

 same ; but don't let me be told that this does not depend 

 upon hares and rabbits, but upon high cultivation. 

 I ray who can cultivate highly, when so many vermin 



hrrL ^ tr T n r aU ? ne ' 3 P ros P e <^> and the cultivator 



ST I i *} 1( t hia **»««! loamy deep soil for 



poor TlCX *« *™« « *• "tate m,£e all a 

 poor as church mice by these han* mkiihw* « i 



Sect bv Ct« SheS ' b r eding ever y detractive 



insect, by far too numerous for the partridges to keen 



lT\ "J b £* ding slu S s b ^ the ™u™> that the? 

 cannot eat Not with all the assistance of that winded 



bird, called the sparrow, can they keep down these 

 insects By the way, U it not rather od/tha? that bird 

 ^^J^^^12^±^. Sere'lp to 



wtU be paid from the summe •produce' of th? ia° r ex P enses 

 Ac, M that the sum actually reouW ,°/»i b . e .I _ f. ow ?' Barle y. 



To ow, sum actu * ujr required u bot ««ra. 



2 horses • 



K'sarr ::: :;: = : 



Manure 2o 



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» * • 



• « * 



20 





 

 

 

 

 







I 





 

 

 



«*» if extra stock is purchased the fcS^J, ^ ^ 



a few years back, the tenants were allowed to kill all the 

 game ; they are now forbidden, and the whole estate is 

 let out every year by its noble owner to gentlemen 

 to shoot over ; the tenants dare not shoot one. What 

 use was the law of '48 here ? and those tenants get 

 no drawback whatever, after feeding a numerous 

 and destructive flock of game at their own expenee. 

 Why not give up the farm, says my reverend opponent. 

 The idea ! after a man has spent his all in his land. 

 No ! he must try and reason with his landlord, and 

 struggle with his difficulties until those laws are entirely 

 abolished. But I must go a little further back. I lived 

 upon a farm, when a lad, where game was preserved, 

 not by the landlord of the estate, but by the neighbour- 

 ing landlord, to whom it was let, which was ten times 

 worse. I candidly own that every one of the servants, 

 tenants and all, were in the sight of the law down- 



And is not this very bad education 



game 



it desirable tha _ 

 should we lose w^leS 

 food ! It would, ifowever, Te ^T * *S 



was destroyed, and, in the nS ?* k ** fc 

 evil I have alluded to, to be preven Z ft' W * J 

 done by a very stringent w * te(U fcem^L? 



game 



the tenant thought it no crime to have 



right poachers, 

 for the young ? 

 part of his own rearing, find it was more his than it was 

 the absent landlord's. After that I was head keeper 

 and head factotum to my lamented friend James Smith, 

 of Deanston ; we had a large tract of land given to us to 

 preserve and shoot over, but when shooting time came 

 on we had to travel a few fields before we could get a shot, 

 showing that I was a bad keeper. This estate was well 

 farmed, as the farmers cared little for me, and Mr. Smith 

 knew too well that they could not farm well and have too 

 much game preserved on their lands at the same 

 time. I thought the other day that I would recommend 

 bantams to a large market gardener. * Bantams ! what 

 do I want with them P says he ; u we never suffer with 

 insects ; it is only bad and slovenly gardeners that breed 

 insects. We have no broad hedges nor ditches. Deep 

 digging and continually burying insects' eggs ; all clean- 

 liness keeps a garden free of insects ; and so does high 

 farming." Now, this is a positive fact that, high farming, 

 without winged game, have but few insects. Certainly 

 not ; if all hedges are kept tidy, ditches filled up, long 

 Grass kept down, shrubs and headland rubbish done 

 away with, the wireworm in time gets scarce. They 

 proceed from a moth. Insects cannot breed if there are 

 no breeding places. * Have you any game upon your 

 very large garden ?" " No, no ; they won't do." I 

 go down into Kent every year where they only pay 10s. 

 a year rent. Now, I shall finish with another bad case 

 that Mr. Wilkins, perhaps, may not have considered, 

 but which proves how practical men regard the subject 

 of game. I have known bailiffs that were anxious men, 

 and desirous to crop the home farm well, and give satis- 

 faction to their master, encourage poachers, and wink 

 at their visits ; they were as blind as bats when they 

 saw men poaching. And those game-preserving land- 

 lords are of course as desirous of a good crop of corn as 

 anyone, and I have known several bailiffs discharged 

 because they did not show a better example to the 

 tenants. How unreasonable was this. My reverend 

 opponent will tell me that those bailiffs were dishonest. 

 I say, no ; for, like me, they look upon hares 

 and rabbits as nothing but wild animals, the de- 

 struction of which is a great blessing. My very 

 humble advice to game-preserving landlords is, to 

 turn their attention to energetic agriculture, to take 

 the noble example of our London market gardeners, 

 turn all their keepers into whatever they are fit for, 

 turn all their home farms into example farms, buy 

 machinery, drain their land, down with all those broad 

 breeding hedges, turn their two and three acre fields 

 into fields of 10 or 20 acres, fill up their ditches, 

 plough up or dig up to the very roots of the hedges, 

 turn their minds to noble industry, and try and beat 

 one another in good cultivation ; give schooling to the 

 rest of their tenantry ; better exercise this than 

 shooting, [and talking about how many head of game 

 they have. Let them do all this before they starve 

 themselves, their tenantry, and their country at large 

 by adhering to an unprofitable practice, that one day, 

 sooner or later, circumstances and necessity will force 

 them to give up. James Cuthill, Camberwell. 



Rental of Land.—" S. T. H." says, " I let all my farms 1 6 

 years ago come next May, and the average rental during 

 that time has been 15s. 3rf. per acre. I am now letting 

 them for the same term ; what rental should I value 

 them at 1 They all lie together, are tithe free, and 

 local rates very small ; all the circumstances attending 

 the farms are the same." [As the price of farm produce 

 during the past 16 years is to the price which may 

 be expected during the next 16— so in ]5s. 3d. per 

 acre to the rental you may claim. That is one way 

 of putting the case, though of course it is a very meagre 

 one, and does not hold true in the case of a series of 

 years, during which more economical methods of farm- 

 ing arise, and the value of land may thus possibly in- 

 crease, notwithstanding the fall in the price of produce.] 

 (same Preserving.— I should have been tempted to 

 reply at once to Mr. Cuthill's observations on the evil 

 attendant on the preservation of game, had 1 not though 

 that Mr. Wilkins would most probably save me the 

 trouble, by transmitting to you a more complete answer 

 than I was, perhaps, capable of writing. Now, however, 

 that the latter gentleman's reply has appeared, I observe 

 that he has omitted what I consider the strongest argu- 

 ment in favour of the preservation of game, which is 

 this : if gentlemen were obliged to discharge their 

 gamekeepers, how would they in future prevent their land 



K"i!r^^ !»* "< Mour'sgamel 



;.»*: uy u very stringent tresniK «1' llcan <*L 

 ill. the much pitied.^SST*' «£•.»!« 



... still be liable t0 P T> ^ 



punished, and for the same crim* J„ >«*^ 



wi 



fited* 



They will 



under 'a different name, viz , tresZ' th ° u ? h N4 



call it by what name you please. I " \ m . * H 

 experience, as almost my only reason fT ^ ** 

 gamekeeper was to prevent my l and be L'S^ • 

 common shooting ground of all fceneiSK 11 * 

 whenever any of my kind neighbours SJS? ■ 

 knew there was nothing to prevent their fn ^ 

 my Turnips, if they chose. Now, al 1 l at t" 5 *" 



and though I have no greater quantity l f r,^ 

 before, except as regards pheasants, still JSf *• 

 goes into my larder instead of that of anvrv! , u ■ 

 chose to come for it ; the fences are less b? a * 

 poaching is checked, instead of encouraal Zrb 

 morals of the neighbourhood, therefore «^^t * 

 deteriorated, and 



W. F. O. F. 



all through employing » vj£ 



V 



Australian Agriculture. 



nf i 



without 



knowing 



what 



With regard to vonr » 

 quiries respecting farming in this country 1 L y 

 cannot give you any very flattering uif ornmion. \ 

 H. has never directed his attention much toculti 

 further than 8 or 10 acres of Wheat for our own com^. 

 tion, so it would not be fair to judge from whathZ 

 say on that subject. At the same time he tellsmetow 

 that he can form no idea what a person mi?ht 4 



amount of capital h« t* 

 likely to possess. A man might do well, provided be i 

 fortunate enough to get good land, and sufficient of it ti 

 carry on cultivation to any extent. With care al 

 attention the crops are generally abundant ; but tlet 

 is not the same routine of crops as in England. It is i 

 great advantage when two brothers join, and kea 

 together, so as to dispense with hired labour as muck u 

 possible, for that is the great drawback. Theyntf 

 also forget all the little comforts of home, have a hrp 

 share of energy and perseverance, and be able top 

 up with many disappointments and privations ; sock i 

 person may make himself comfortable, but a fortune! 

 out of the question. As to cattle and sheep, there in 

 good to be done with them, unless a good run cub 

 procured, and that is a difficult matter now,soaBf 

 feeders having come to the colony, that a kp 

 portion of the land which used to be for gnaaj 

 is now purchased. We have been obliged at 

 this account to lessen our number considerably, 

 so that cultivation seems more likely to suit y* 

 brother, provided he can put up with vikt I ta* 

 represented ; but recollect I have drawn the dart side of 

 the picture, and I doubt not but you could meet with 

 some who might throw more sunshine over it I an 

 assure you that ever since we left the shores of Qtt 

 England, we have had a very hard and severe sting*, 

 and have had to contend with depreciating pneesev* 

 since we commenced. We purchased cattle at 8fc» 

 121. per head, and now they fetch 21. or perhaps^ 

 very fat, and then there is the cost of getting fell 

 market, for they become so wild and unmanageabiej 

 any one had told me of all we have ^d to undaj 

 during the first four or five years of our sop. 



I should have said it was impossi le, i« 

 I look back I wonder how I did it » 



be thankful that I 1^ 



any 

 dur 

 here, 

 when 



ever, I must indeed ^ — ■■■ - . ,, v^ 

 health and strength to contend »g a ; ns y" fc 

 forte, and that my home is in a slight JPJ 

 coming more civilised, but can never be like u* 



memory holds so dear. Jane If* 



>tes on the Agriculture of i««f lrt ;* 5 

 for its improvement. By Jonathan Bums. S*- 



Marshall and Co., London. J«cripti«^ 



118 ia Ml admirable collection of facts, d^, 



past condition of local agriculture, iw^ ^ 



for their induction ; and the agrjuu- ^ ^ 

 counties will find much useful ma .tter d i( . 

 We would gladly -tract^and^ubhsM, ^ 



its — for 



would delight ; but, »;— 



author, we must endeavour to saI igfy ,l,en*2 



raw selected portions-or they mw * -J^ J 

 l,y the purchase and perusal ot»»V rfij 

 illustrations are well chosen -cbieny^ _ .^ M 



our readers would 



ountv 





buildings actually erected in «» of the oPWJ 

 however, one-a portion of the nuj^ Fyld ^«»J 

 aurvey, showing the marl pits " tbe utter <* 

 illustrates beyond anything we ev« • » ^i 

 of svstem which formerly prevail 



nnght be sa.d, in reply, that without game laws and 

 gn ekeepers there would Ml be no game to kill, SO 

 tnat the evd would effect its own cure. But, remark, is 



shire : ot me cuiuao-, •»■ -o , rers ai»- 



and orchards ; agricultural Wj^. inflkjj 

 embankments, Larch and copg^ o ** * 

 the cultivatiou of Turnips, Grass* >^ ^,7^ 



the manures used ; ^Jf^Vn " 

 summer stall-feeding, 



haymaking 

 and rente an 1 



dairy 



>* 



Hural vcif^t* 



, Flax, *gr-c«rr farmer. J" ^ 



subjects it is descriptive as wt •• ^ a* 

 being treated of in the form ot 



