

THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 



— PERUVIAN GUANO. 



t-tION TO AGRICULTURISTS. 



CA u I * n * otor ious that extensive adulterations of this 

 ^iS^L *till carried on, 

 *A5t*MvTOVY GIBBS A*D SONS, AS THE 



nviY IMPORTERS OF PERUVIAN GUANO, 



• tn be their duty to the Peruvian Government and 

 **!? LV- -.r.in to recommend Farmers and all others who 

 *KSon their guard. 



h racter of the partus from whom they purchase will 

 -- vT the best security, and in addition to particular 

 •gS^ to that poiut, ANTONY GIBBS and SONS think it 



*jj*° fojw^f wholesale price at which sound Peruvian 



va$ been, sold by them during the last two years 

 a; ni oer ton. less 2£ per cent. 



U Utiles made by dealers at a lower price must therefore 

 ^i^TIloss to them, or the arii cle must be adulterated. 



r^V^NDON^ MANURE COMPANY beg to 



I tor PERUVIAN GUANO, warranted perfectly genuine ; 

 hnsohate of Lime, Wheat Manure, Concentrated Urate, 

 fSffet Charcoal, Gypsum, Nitrate of Soda, and every arti- 

 SSuanure.on the best terms. Also a constant supply of 

 riffnr Agricultural purposes, at a low rate. English and 

 gig linseed Cake, Rape Cake, &c. 



Edwabd P urser, Secretary, Bridge-street, Blackfnarg. 



<fT\NURES. — The following Manures are manu- 

 al factored at Mr. Lawes's Factory, Deptford Creek : 

 Clover Manure, per ton ... . Ml H i 



Turnip Manure, do. ... . 

 Superphosphate of Lime . 



Balphuric Acid and Coprolites ... ... - 



Office, 69, King Wilham-street, City, London. 



V B Peruvian Guano, guaranteed to contain 16 per cent, of 



imrnonia 91. 105. per ton ; and for 5 tons or more, 91. 5s. per 



urn 



• • • 



• it 



« • # 



• • • 



- - 1 



• « • 



£11 



7 

 7 

 5 





 

 

 





 

 

 



CMITHFIELD CLUB, 1851. 



O CATTLE SHOW. ""■— c?u ~* 



, -CHRISTMAS FAT 



4J CAT 1 Lb sMun.- Prize Sheets and Blank printed Forms 

 v Certificates may now be obtained, on application to the 

 flonornry Secretary. 

 The last day for receiving Entries is SATURDAY, the 15th 



HOVEMBER. 1851. 

 The Anniversary Dinner of the Club will take place at the 



Fiihusons' Tavern on the Wednesday of the Show Week, 



iaitead of the Friday, as heretofore. 



B. T. Brandreth Gibbs, Hon. Sec, 

 Corner of Half Moon-street, Piccadilly, London # 



STEPHENSON and Co., 6l 9 tfracechurch-street, 

 London, and 17, New Park-street, Southwark, Inventors 

 tad Manufacturers of the Improved CONICAL and DOUBLE 

 CYLINDRICAL BOILERS, respectfully solicit the attention of 

 scientific Horticulturists to their much Improved method of 

 applying the Tank System to Pineries, Propagating Houses, 

 4c, by which atmospheric heat as well as bottom heat is 

 lecured to any required degree, without the aid of pipes or flues. 

 S. and Co. have also to state that at the request of numerous 

 friends they are now making their Boilers of Iron, as well as 

 Copper, by which the cost is reduced. These Boilers, which 

 ire now so well known, scarcely require description ; but to 

 those who have not seen them in operation, prospectuses will 

 be forwarded, as well as references of the highest authority ; or 

 they may be seen at most of the Nobility's seats and principal 

 Nurseries throughout the Kingdom. 



8. and Co. beg to inform the Trade that at their Manufactory, 

 17, New Park-street, every article required for the construction 

 of Horticultural Buildings, as well as for heating them, may 

 be obtained upon the most advantageous terms. 



Conservatories, «fcc, of Iron or Wood, erected on the most 

 ornamental designs. Balconies, Palisading, Field and Garden 

 Fen ces, Wire. w ork, (fee. 



CHEAP AND DURABLE ROOFING. 



BY HER 



■ 



MAJESTY'S 



ROYAL LETTERS 

 PATENT. 



P M'XEILL and Co., of Lamb's-buildings, Bunhill- 



• row, London, the Manufacturers and only Patentees of 

 THE ASPHALTED FELT FOR ROOFING 

 Houses, Farm Buildings, Shedding, Workshops, and for Garden 

 purposes, to protect Plants from Frost. 



»v A e G [ eat Nationa l Agricultural Shows, ifc is this Felt 

 wnicn has been exhibited and obtained two Silver Medal 

 "izes, and is the Felt solely patronised and adopted by 

 Hee Majesty's Woods and Forests, 

 Honourable Board of Ordnance, 

 Honourable East India Company, 

 Honourable Commissioners of Customs, 

 Her Majesty's Estate, Isle of Wight, 

 i nfl nn .f T J? L Botanic Gardens, Regent's Park, 

 bnd V E3t , ate8of th e Dukes of Sutherland, Norfolk, Rut- 

 th* Into pio' Nortn un3berland, Buccleuch (at Richmond), 

 indat »ii o S P encer ' and m °»t of the Nobility and Gentrj, 

 iqaare. Agricultural Society'b House, Hanover- 



^et!» a i f tl l epri . ce of anv othe * description of Roofing, and 

 Mad^n ^ 8avm & of Ti mber in the construction of Roofs. 

 We t0 aQ y length by 32 inches wide. 



V 



Sam^i c * P NE Penn * *** Square Foot. 

 ^arapies ly with Directions for its Use, and Testimonials 



•tanm Ar iT-1 ex P enence > with references to Noblemen, Gen- 

 *imor™„ / ect8, , and Buil <*ers, sent free to any part of tbe 



IT Th FS5& a - nd orders b * P° 8t executed. 

 <* Great rJu • ^ cautl <>ned that the only Works in London 

 amain where the above Rooting is made, are 



*««* FeU xr V 1<NEILL and CO.'S 



kodoii wtl ^ anufa ctory, Lamb's-buvldings, Bunhill-row, 



Tbe new vP nu° f8 covered wit " the Felt may be seen. 

 Foster Hail ncellor ' 8 Cour t8, at the entrance of West- 



*** Tear* t / Were ^ 00f ed with F. M'Neill and Co.'s.Felt about 

 *•*• Her \f v' UD > the Surve y» r snip of Chas. Barry, Esq., 

 * HtUfied Jni. e K ty u 8 Commi 8sioners of Woods and Forests are 

 ^^RootnT ?*L e result tnat the y have ordered the Com- 

 •eirPclL n - Houses of Parliament to be roofed with 



*°te -^Conc aDtlfcy alt °Sether used, 24,C00 <e«t. 

 * d in length ? 6r8 sendin 8 direct to the Factory can be sup- 

 10 Bore than 1 ^ited to their Roofs, so that they pay for 



2? *rv infn y rea . uir e. 

 ^ Prosed n at ! ( . m aff ordedonthe construction of Roofs, or 

 -^:^Wu^ of th e Felt. 



1 12 N 3 D Y;S PATENT PRIZE STOVE.- W.Hodges, 



*<Wof envnv^ (late J - E - Dowson), is the sole manu- 

 ^^tinK stoVp u patent °P eQ fire-place, pure warm air 

 JJtite public aJli / wbich ha s been so long tested and approved 

 ^the Script / 0r which he received the large Silver Medal 

 ^ T entiiatin» °\, Arts - Ifc i« admirably adapted for warminp 

 t 10 ". halU 7r C - urche8 » schoolrooms, and other public 



> k o.CapnonA lning ' rooms ' &c - &0 - Also Cundy's Patent 

 2 r ^oky ehinT 8moke -expeiling register Grate, a p* rfect cure 

 p rble Chimn?» n S! 8 ' t0 ^ th er with a large assortment of 

 " * m and other Grates, 



2S of the most improved 



WARMING AND VENTILATING i 1 .i 



akp E. BAILEY, 272, HolboSj jjj .ghadmaBv ^^ ^ 



U • yearn' experience in warming buildices tnTliot \V*f*f 

 continue to erect Hot Wat er Apparatus on the So 5°.„^ 

 principles.for Mansion., Warehouses, Coniwrttoi it +. and other 

 Ilorticultural Baildings and they beg to introduce to the 

 public a BOILER of their invention, which has been used witih 

 -reat success, and has this season been put up in the mrden* 

 of the Horticultural Society Chiswick, an P d i.Joifc^ 

 mended in the trardeneri' Chronicle of Satiirday.-SeDt 20 lASi 

 pa^e 593. Dr. Arnott's Ventilating Valves, upon the' best 



di »vered 



l>eat cl 

 value 



as 



is not of 

 hive 





I a newly- 



many nave suppoatd. Ag 

 i material for entering into combuntrai with, or 

 retaining within itself other alemmtcL it forms a 

 powerful absorbent ; but, ■ a in t) enact, i 

 to compete with a powerful hos< heap enemies : 

 ana hence can never possess 

 tive value. That it forms. 



more han a compara- 



construction, many having: been made under "the kind7un*rin* ' W; ft > * ""^ " * v ' 1 " 1 ^ however, a valuable 



tendence of Dr. Arnott himself. Also a very c«5lete " The* baMS for a Compound, when mixed with otte elt- 



and efficient Portable Cooking Apparatus or Cotta gej^gt^' nients of a volatile character, cannot be quertioned. 



M 



EXHIBITION PRIZE— HYBRID WHEAT 



It. RAYNBIRD begs to offer to Agriculturists a 



It may be profitably used in the farm-yard 

 formerly suggested, in the sroridna up of the 



MILK. CHEESE, AND BUTTER. 



TTENRY BAKER, Optician, 90, Hatton Garden, 



■a. -L London, advises any one who keeps Cows to send two 

 postage stamps, and obtain a description of his LACTOMETER, 

 with its uses, and the results of eiperiments with it upon dif- 

 ferent Milks. Lactometers, complete, in a mahogany box, 

 105. 6<2. ; Do., with cheap. r fittings, 7*. $d. and 5*. ; Hydro- 

 meters for testing sulphuric acid, 5*., 7s., and 10s. No con- 

 sumerof acid should be without one, as it is oiten sold bighh 

 diluted. Saccharometers for Brewing, with tables, 5s., 7s , and 

 10s. Pediment Barometers, from U. each. Wheel Barome- 

 ters, from 11. Is. each. Packed carefully for the country, there 

 being nothing to fear of them getting out of order, as they are 

 warranted to be propeily made and good instrument. 



2Tfie aartcuiturai (Bu)tttt. 



SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 8, 18 I. 



MEETINGS FOB THE TWO FOLLOWING WEEKS. 



Thursday, Not. 13— Agricultural Imp.Soc. of Ireland. 

 Thukbdat, — 20 -Agricultural Imp.Soc. of Ireland. 



The conversion of our peat bogs into a source of 

 fertilising wealth is a subject of growing importance. 

 Many practical men, who have hitherto been look- 



abominable effluvium of fishv matter, converting it 

 into a valuable manure. Mix 1 with this in th* 

 fishermen's midden, it would form a manure not 



inferior to guano. To such purposes it nig] 1 e 

 profitably appli. I, were it obtainable at a reasonable 

 price, but the present price charged is a complete 

 barrier to itl general adoption. 



The present prices of Irish peat charcoal in the 

 metropolis are, " granulated ,f for agricul! I pur- 

 poses, GO*, per ton; " 1 mpe," for \ & 



-dust," loo*. At Dublin it can 1 - had at about 



13*. per ton lessm<m< v. 



A correspondent, the otlur dav, on I ng \<\\ 

 these prices, answered that he himself could '* mat 



O <i M of 



< a!, 



woiks, 



peat charcoal at half the mom \ 



it/ 1 was the reply, "for w said i 



" can afford to sell it #. per ton at 



and have a good 

 45s. we are not 



rofit; but So louj is we can get 

 ispoeed to do so. M Such 



ing to legislative sources for relief, are now with 

 greater earnestness turning their attention to an in- 

 creased producers the only means of relief; and such 

 an increase can only be obtained from an increase 

 of manure, with better cultivation. Now, a large 

 extent of the country is covered with peat, long the 

 most useless and bleak portion of the kingdom, but 

 now assuming a different aspect, because chemists 

 and mechanics have turned their attention to it. 



Machinery is now beginning to play upon a few 

 of our bogs ; but two great obstacles appear in the 

 way, — 1st, the extravagant notions entertained of 

 the value of peat charcoal itself, and the extrava- 

 gant price charged for it ; 2d, the impression that 

 we cannot be supplied with peat charcoal at a cheap 

 rate for fertilising purposes without the infringe- 

 ment of certain patents. To each of those topics 

 we shall, therefore, briefly advert, confining our 

 observations to an agricultural view of the subject. 



From time immemorial peat charcoal has been 

 acknowledged to possess valuable fertilising quali- 

 ties. "Nearly 20 years ago, in the Highlands of 

 Scotland, our attention," says a correspondent, 

 " was drawn to the fact, — a fact no less than an expe- 

 riment of some centuries standing. It was a circular 

 spot of Grass of the richest verdure, surrounded by 

 stunted heath. 'Here,' my informant told me, 

 < my grandfather made peat coal for the forge.' He 

 was a very old man, about 90, a blacksmith, unable 

 to work, but was succeeded by his son, who was at 

 the time getting in his coals, consequently the day 

 was a high day with Rory, and accidentally putting 

 the question to him to check his inquisitiveness 

 rather than procure information — ' What did your 

 forefathers do before they got coal from the south ?' 



'Come and see/ said the old man. So we fol* 



lowed him to the green spot of Grass in question, 

 when he explained to us very graphically the whole 

 process of making peat charcoal during the patriar- 

 chal times of his forefathers. A pit was first dug, 

 and the dried peat put into it. It was next covered 

 with a tough sod of sward, then fired, and the process 

 carried on, as in the manufacture of wood charcoal. 

 We next discussed the verdure of the green spot of 

 Grass when we were likewise informed that the whole 

 refuse of the charcoal heap was carefully husbanded 

 and mixed in the dunghill. In short, over the 

 whole north of Scotland, where peat fuel is largely 

 used, the inhabitants, generally fishermen living 

 among dirt, would be suffocated with the stench but 

 for the deodorising qualities of peat-ashes always 



p ition of the peat charcoal trade at pi nt . Kit her 

 the demand xceeds the suiudv, or else 



wpply. or eke them 



exists a monopoly. Our r responded a patentee 

 for sewage manure apparatus, <S:c., is now sfcd< - 

 vouring to form a manure company ; but the price 

 of peat charcoal, an article i ired along with 

 other agents, is exj ricnerd as a strong barrier. 

 First, it requires an extra capital to start 

 with, and, second, it cannot be Id to farmers 

 afterwards. He is an old practical farmer himself, 

 of many years' standing ; knows the value of manure, 

 and think that a manure like the one in quo ion 

 might be worth about 40* per ton on the field, 

 according to the present prices of guano, &c. ; but 

 this figure no company can Sard to sell at, so long 

 as they are called upon to pay <*0*. for one of th# 

 raw materials. " Not many years ago," say they, 

 " your landlord would have given any money to get 

 rid of their peat bogs, so as to be able to cultivate 

 the subsoil ; but now, when science has put a value 

 upon them, they cannot bestir th n selves to supply 

 the demand of the market. Within themselves 

 they have the means of relieving their depressed 

 tenantry, but those very means they convey over to 

 monopolists, to make fortunes of, while they them- 

 selves are complaining of poor-rates." 



Were the money now paid in poor-rate- invested 

 in the manufacture of peat chare 1 for fertilising 

 purposes, there cannot he adouU but that it v i'a 

 be had at something like half the present pi es, 

 labour and capital being at the same time amp 7 y 

 remunerated. No doubt / o patents exi«t for pecu- 

 liar methods of making peat charcoal, but wl not 

 150 since the field is open and inviting ; for the 

 patentee who will sell the farmer the cheap* and 

 best charcoal will receive his orders. On the sound- 

 ness of this conclusion inventors and the mechanical 

 world may rest perfectly satisfied. The two 

 patentees, to" which we have referred, are sensible 

 that their patents are liable to be superseded by 

 others, and are prepared, we believe, to enter into 

 competition the moment that others enter the field ; 

 but so long as they can get 45*., they are not dis- 

 posed to take SWi. ^ r e can hardly blame them, 

 though we might, in a friendly manner tuggest 

 that this game may be earned too far; for 

 he who firsts lowers the price to its legitimate level 



Farmers are not always 



may command the trade. 



ungrateful, as sewage manure manuiactuiers may 



ascertain if they please. ^ 



It was said long ago of one Irishman 



Swift for the ancient* has argued so w^ll, 

 tw ,„ w . ne has made it quite clear that the moderns excel ; 



containing in them a large per centagetf the char- 1 ^ ^ comp]iment may now be pa id, tho^h 



in a somewhat different sense, to another. Air, 

 Goodiff has written so well against our views 

 respecting Irish emigration, that he has virtually 

 written in favour of them. Wehn d d^Sed him 

 by expressing a belief that a society could scarcely 

 be formed with a more patriotic object than to pro- 

 mote emigration. The remark had special refer- 

 ence to the present circumstances of Ireland,^ when 

 the whole social system has become der ange. 1 , by the 

 loss of the Potato on which it was based ; but it is 

 equally applicable to any other country, in which 

 from any cause, the population has become greater 



containing m mem « '»'&- t~*. *""-.—«» -,y t. v 



coal Strangers, who visit their miserable shielings, 

 do not experience that degree of disagreeableness 

 which circumstances would lead them to expect— 

 a result which is easily accounted for. All, there- 

 fore, that we can boast of having discovered in these 

 piping times, is "a lost sheep in J»«JjWeme«j 

 for between the Land's End and Ultima Thule 

 there are many green spots to prove the practices of 

 our forefathers, and many a deodorised tntddn. 

 And the fact that those practices have been nearly- 

 lost sight of by us ought to convince some, who 

 are now spreading their wings over our peat 

 bogs, in the hopes of making 



fortunes rather 



V 



