716 



THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 



|Nov. 



portatioti 



been the state of the law in regard to the ex- 

 and importation of corn in France ana 



a. a • 1 II.. -^ — — . I tf"K ** ■ T t \ I f 



inform* t 



ed to 



in 



uni. Having iihuiuw u..o«v^^ — ,,—- 



>n on the subject. A principal objeel 

 iddiwin? this tetter to you, is to obtain attention from 



some of yo 



lligent 

 nences 



the 



doubt 



I have adopted a 



my of your readers would be glad of the information 



well as myself. Rutticus. 



Pinrrmdo.-The lar-er portion of every nianure 

 should consist %f mineral substances, and not of organic 

 matter; for, who supplied the Garden of Eden with 

 manures, or with vegetable mould ?^ 

 •plan of mixing these suitable ingredient ■» «■ m, *-*-*- 

 manure, which I can honestly say I never found to fail. 

 The Pinguedo contains, without exception, every ele- 

 ment Decenary to vegetable growth, and its components 

 ir if great commercial value. 1 shall now give an 

 elementary analysis of the Pinguedo, that you may see 

 that all proper ingredients are present. It consists of 

 ; ,ed ammonia, carbonic acid, potash and soda, in three 

 different states of combination, phosphates of soda, of 

 lime, of potash, and magnesia, sulphates of lime, mag- 

 nesia, &c.,and carbon and hydrogen combined. It may 

 not be amiss to give here a small list with the present 

 prices of some of the principal and most valuable salts 

 used for the manufacture of this manure, lest those who 

 have not had an opportunity of seeing or trying it, should 

 suppose that it is made up of dung, night-soil, urine, or 

 other stuffs, which are really valuable in their proper 

 places, but which must give way, as I have before said, 

 to the superiority of a manure composed of salts purely 

 ch< hTil, and all of wUeh KTC toed, more or less, as 

 medicines. Nitre, 28*. per cwt. ; nitrate of soda, 145. to 

 ! 6*. p«-r cwt. ; phosphate of lime, 14*. per cwt. In addi- 

 tion to what I have just said, the Pinguedo presents the 

 following advantages : — it occupies the least possible 

 talk, — say one barrel contains 3£ cwt net, of concen- 

 trate 1 i'inguedo, which is enough for a statute acre, 

 possessing as much fertilising power as 20 tons of horse 

 manure. It is exempt from fraud or deception, being 

 purely chemical. It suffers no damage from exposure 

 to the air, nor emits any smell. The economy in car- 

 tage and labour is immense, and the method of using it 

 is most simple and convenient, adapted for all soils and 

 situations, and all states of weather. It must be spread 

 on the soil soon after the crops have been gathered, and 

 in the spring. Its efficacy e*n be seen on Grass within 

 eight days after it has been spread,— the Grass acquiring 

 a dark .Teen colour, and the height an inch above the 

 unmanured Grass. The Pingtiedo answers also for 

 flower shrubs, Gooseberries, Currants, Strawberries, &c. 

 A quarter of a pound round the stem of each plant will 

 afford sufficient nourishment, and the leaves become 

 dark-green, the fruit more perfect, and all kinds of 



should be divided into two doses and given on two 

 successive days ; afterwards give the other powder 

 every day " si opus sit." The medium in which it should 

 be given is Barley meal ; or any other food the chickens 

 are fond of, and which can be mixed up with water or 

 pot liquor, I e. put enough meal to make a good feed ; 

 they may not like it at first, but if hungry by abstinence 

 will soon take to it. Should the birds be veryill and not 

 able to feed, I have found the following very useful- 

 equal quantities of ginger, Epsom salts, gentian, fcenu- 

 oric, and garlic mixed up with fresh butter to a paste, 

 and pellets the size of a filbert, given night and morning. 

 These doses are all for 1 adult birds ; for younger ones, 

 the doses must of course be adapted by the discretion of 

 the donor. P.S. I should have said that one great cause 

 of want of success in the rearing of poultry is, that 

 persons are not sufficiently careful in the relationship of 

 the parents. The cock bird should have a perfectly 

 distinct parentage from the hens ; breeding in and in 

 spoils health, beauty, and size. Henry Copland, Chelms- 



ensuin 



the 1 3th of December, at 1 1 o'clock 



on 



Sita^ 



^vvvmuci, at 11 o ciock in tha f -— '■•uw 



Miscellaneous Communications —Sir r 00IL 



ley, Bart., presented to the Society a ™^ E Q "* 

 anti-fnction plough ; Mr. Lister Maw anorSf * * 

 by Davis, of the first-prize shoTti^^ 91 ?^ 

 Mr. Maw at Tetley bf Crowle, llT^ y S 

 C. Trevelyan, Bart., offered a collection of? -,^ 

 books from his private library • Mr JCirtiLT 1 ^ 1 ""* 

 Indian corn ; Mr. J. C halnJrs M^*^^* 

 sample of Van Diemens Land guano • Mr P * 



specimens of Beet-roots, grown without 



h. 



White suggested honorary awards to eS^l 5 %-- 

 Andreolet offered his services to lL c • 0rs 5 ^ 



~~— *- ™~ "« ^rvices to the Society *. 

 foreign correspondent ; the Board of Health a SiiS 

 enquiries on " the use of Drecinitn.te« «*■ — ._•?!•* 



ford. 



Burned Weeds and Earth, <kc. 



I shall feel obliged, if 



you will state your notion of the effect on Beans, Peas, and 

 Tares, of manure composed of burned weeds and earth, 

 with the emptying of privies, and mixed with sulphuric 

 acid. The mixture appears very powerful, and my men 

 say it is better than any of the London manures I have had 

 down ; but as I once tried superphosphate after salting for 

 Oats, and got seriously injured by it, I fear to try any more 

 of my experiments without advice. Colchester. [Burned 

 weeds afford fertilising salts essential to vegetation. No- 

 thing can be better than the emptying of privies ; and 

 sulphuric acid fixes the ammonia that escapes from the 

 decomposition of such matter. But it requires caution 

 to avoid wasting the sulphuric acid ; and, perhaps, 

 gypsum or sulphate of iron are preferable as fixers, 

 since the evolution of the ammonia is a slow process, 

 and the sulphuric acid would, I presume, waste itself 

 by immediately attacking other matter besides the 

 ammonia. You must not add the ashes before you add 

 the sulphuric acid, or it will act on them. I conceive 

 the superphosphate of lime could not possibly be to blame 

 for the injury to your Oats. The salt was probably the 

 injury. Except in rare cases, I can hafdly suppose that 

 salt can ever be very serviceable to agriculture, and it 

 must often be injurious. /. S. II.] 



enquiries on - trie use oi precipitates of any kind f 

 sewer- water, or of earths saturated with sewer 3 

 being successfully applied as manure ;" the Georw 

 Association at Florence expressed their 



_ v^,^ uieir g ense f 



™*? e ? }l.$°* l * y \ Journal J, Lie ut. Edgar SlJ 

 machine, to be worked by "steam-power (theconttnS 



R.N.,^ transmitted for inspection the model of 





the 





grub 



Conclusion.- 



During 



the spring of the year 184 tf, I had a favourable oppor- 

 tunity for trying a new experiment with the Pinguedo. 

 Having planted a portion of land with the Potatoes 

 affected with the "murrain" of the previous autumn, 

 and manured them with my composition, I had the 

 satisfaction of finding that the resulting crop was more 

 iiealthy than other Potatoes of the present year. From 

 this I feel assured that there is no necessity for renewing 

 the Potatoes in this country by an importation of fresh 

 seed. In conclusion, I beg to say that it would be pre- 

 sumptuous in me to offer the Pinguedo to the agricultural 

 world as an infallible manure ; for the best guano has 

 faded in many instances, on account of the soils, &c 

 All that I can state is, that I have never found it to faii 





ROYAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY OF ENGLAND. 



A Monthly Council was held at the Society's house, 

 in Hanover- square, on Wednesday last, the 5th of 

 November : present — The Earl of Ducie, President, in 

 the chair ; Lord Southampton, Sir Robert Price, Bart., 

 M.P., Colonel Austen, Mr. Raymond Barker, Mr. S. 

 Bennett, Mr. Bramston, M.P., Mr. Brandreth, Colonel 

 Challoner, Mr. Walbanke Childers, M P., Mr. Garrett, 

 Mr. Grantham, Mr. Fisher Hobbs, Mr. Law Hodges, 

 M.P., Mr. Jonas, Mr. Kinder, Mr. Milward, Mr. Pusey, 

 M.P., Mr. Shaw (London), Mr. Villiers Shelley, Prof. 

 Sinionds, Mr. Simpson, Prof. Way, and Mr. Wingate. 



The following new members were elected : — 



Nesfield, R N. M., Castle Hill, Bakewell, Derbyshire. 

 Demidoff. the Prince, Florence. 



Field, William (Veterinary Surgeon), 224, Oxford-street 

 London. ' 



Grissell, Thomas, Norbury Park, Mickleham, Surrey. 



Wright, R. J., Thorpe, Norwich. 



The names of 31 candidates for election at the next 



then read. 



Lancash 



cr 



made only last year, a fair trial must be given (as was 

 the case with the guano when it was first introduced in 

 this country), before any judgment be formed. All 

 parties who have tried it, are prepared to certify that it 



JhSThT P- T -° ther a?ent J ' et tried - l do ^ nsi <kr 

 that the Pinguedo is more calculated to supply the wants 



of a growing vegetation, than a manure like Liebisr's 



composed of nearly insoluble matter. And with due 



deference to that great philosopher, I must say that 



?h?en™ • • ,m "V he ViCW Which he tekes Meeting 

 m^terT 09 and Capadty f ° r 8olution of ^in 



I 



rr 



O 



COMFOSITIO 



Sulphate of lime .. 

 Ground bones 

 Sulphate of ammonia 

 Penman j?uano 

 Nitrate of soda 

 Ground charcoal 

 Nitrate of potash . 



Sulphate of potash 

 Sulphate of magnesia 



Sulphate of soda ... 



• •• 



■ • 1 



• -4 





• • P 



» • • 



• >• 



• ■ ■ 



• • . 



• -. 



lb*. 



112 

 84 

 56 

 28 

 28 



28 

 14 



24 



14 



14 



— — — — w» 



Remarks, 

 Cheap. 



Cheap. 



Cheap (at the gas work-,). 

 1O5. per cwt. 

 Cheap, 

 ^ery cheap. 



About 29*. per cwt. 

 Cheap. 



Cheap. 



Cheap. 



To be well mixed and Sound TJKi"*' a,- , 

 30 lbs. of soot, whichSl wih^hJ m Tl ab0U J 

 ammonia, will kill -rubs, &c Tn , ! . 8ul P nate of 



» dry place until wS? * '„ ^i?,^* "?£?**• 

 caustic state, or carbonic «i 77 hme ' either m the 



in the-above mixture. J. W //,£ "** ! v,H J take P ,ace 



letters with reference to the co»«S ™ *%£!? ° f 

 pearedon the 18th, requesting fSSTfJ? 1 ? a P; 



£ »!»wed to think I was not suffiSt?y«S^ * 

 directions for the use nf th» ™„.,i ', r ' lc,t m tn e 

 mended Thl i ». , the P owder therein recom 



monthly meeting 



Finances.— Mr. Raymond Barker, Chairman of the 

 Finance Committee, presented to the Council the 

 report on the accounts of the Society to the end of 

 the previous month, and submitted to the inspection of 

 the members the various quarterly balance-sheets con- 

 nected with income, expenditure, funded capital, assets, 

 and liabilities : the current cash balance in the hands of 

 the bankers being 6591 — This report having been 

 adopted, the Council, agreeably with the special recom- 

 mendation it contained, unanimously agreed to a vote of 

 their best thanks to Messrs. Navile Iteid and Co. of 

 Windsor, for the kind manner in which they had 

 accepted the appointment of the local bankers of the 

 Society, during the period of its Windsor Meeting, and 

 for the courtesy and exactness with which they ha°d dis- 

 charged the duties of that appointment. 



Prize EssAYs.-Mr. Pusey, M.P., Chairman of the 

 Journal Committee, reported the following awards 

 made by judges in the class of Essays : 



I. To Finlay Don, Jan., Veterinary Surgeon, Herlot-row 

 Edinburgh, the prize of Twenty Sovereign b for the W 



SnV»Si. Di8eMM ° f Farm H ° rSeS ^SftS mTs! 

 IL _ . To Wuuist Chahles SruBAtD, Veterinarv Sarzeon 



I„V *t be9t E - 8 l ay on the Dise *"* after Parturition in Cowg 

 and Sheep, with the remedies. n ln ^ ows 



relanlThl^i^ »^ MINQ . " f L'»™ore. co. Waterford, 



j^Sr ^zsrsssti? the best Essa; 



tural Geo!o ? v of England and Wales AgricuL 



Fines fob Nox-ExHiBiTioN.-On the motion of Mr 

 Fisher Hobbs, seconded by Mr. Shelley the ~norr 

 on the resnltof the applicatfon made to parties X had 



SR£2£ S e ^ for the "-^ibitl 0? S 



mals entered by thorn for competition, at the Windsor 

 meetmg, or to assign in due time a just reason for tnSr 

 absence, was referred to a committee con J^Mnl «f ♦» 



\l n ..7, < L ? I " ion >. Mr. Brandreth, Mr. Dmi 



KSSL* Jomis ' Mr - Bra " arcth Gi »H -*1£ 





December Meeting. 



and 'probable value of which was explained to the 

 Council by Mr. Garrett) ; Mr. Matthews, Secretary rf 

 Driffield Farmers' Club, transmitted a favounbU 

 report of the trial of M'Cormick's reaping-machine* 

 Mr. Hill'Dickson transmitted papers connected with Flax 

 cultivation and management; Mr. Thomas Ellraan of 

 Beddingham, addressed inquiries in reference to the 

 veterinary inspection of cattle, and the conditions under 

 which fat cattle would be disqualified at the Socier 

 country meetings ; Mr. Lee and Mr. Bate suggested the 

 purchase of Lawson's collection of Grasses, &c. • Hi 

 Lister Maw favoured the Council with the results of his 

 experience in Potato and Beet cultivation ; Mr. Na- 

 thaniel Mathew, of Wern, Carnarvonshire, addressed a 

 further communication, on the subject of the model of 



the moveable bridge for marsh-lands, presented by him 

 to the Council at a former meeting. 



The Council having ordered their usual acknowledg- 

 ments for the favour of these communications, adjourned 

 to their next monthly meeting on Wednesday, the 3d of 

 December. 



Trafalgar (Fifeshire), Oct. 19.— -At the annual 

 Show of this Society, Mr. Andrew Landale, East- 

 hall, read an essay on " Farm Leases," which we hare 

 considerably abridged. 



That leases give greater security to the tenant and encounge 

 him to lay out his capital in improvements, and so promote* 

 higher standard of cultivation, is what bas been the generally 

 adopted view vf the subject in this country. That view cf the 

 matter is quite correct, provided these leases are granted in a 

 liberal and fair manner ; but if they are clogged with re- 

 strictive conditions, and set and fixed rules of cropping, I 

 must be evident to all that the tenant may, with these Mi- 

 ditions, be prevented taking advantage of such improvement! 

 as may tend to the greater productiveness of his farm. I am 

 sorry to say that a very great number are of the latter d< 

 scription, and not only retard agricultural prosperity, bat 

 generally end in the ruin of the farmer and in a decrease of 

 the fertility of the land. For 

 of Flax turn out a profitable 



tenant with a fixed rotation .. 



that case, he is a mere nonentity tied up and fettered; mi 

 whole ideas and aspirations are apt to descend and become 

 on a level with the circumstances in which he is placed, .wn 



is the generally defective system of leases that tbe / € ° an ;. D ^ 

 usually followed the plan of improving his farm the nwinw 

 of his lease, and then trjing to take out of it in the fan nw 

 or six years what he has put into it in the former V**\ A ™ 

 who can blame him? But that system surely bean on «• 

 face of it the stamp of something very far wrong, ""VV 

 a national point of view, it is detrimental to the council 

 keeping down the produce of the soil ; and it is "»ja«o« m»j 

 immediately to the landlord as keeping down the coWi*oo« 

 his land, and, consequently, the rent of that lanu. ^^ 

 those owners who insist upon stringent clause* ia ]lf ^ 

 are almost always disappointed ; and It wlli ^;"; r ' fa 

 found that on estates where the terms ct agreemen * _^ 

 most liberal, the tenants are the most forward » »™£3 

 improvements and cultivating the land upon the ™™ ' ^ bl0 . 

 systems, while on those estates where the ,\^ n hj d the ir 

 pered and dictated to, tbey are almost inv^awy d^« . 



neighbours as farmers. For what is it that has raided m ^ 

 culturists of Scotland to their present P r ? u<l th * world, aad 

 position among the Burrounding countries in . theirown? 

 enables them to wield such a mighty innuen /V° moors, 

 What is it that has converted heathery aD * D ; r int0 fertile 

 whin-clad hills, and stagnant, obnoxious *»™ ne ljt{lefflfl re 

 and fruitful fields ! And what is it that has w J ftl " ^ kd tht 

 than half a century in many instances more J" io «r inda*- 

 value of land ! Why, doubtless, their own P«™ eaef tfto 

 try, coupled with their ready adoption and aK"i j kh baT8 



f the many and great ^^r ^ is due only to 

 «, ^ M4OT * w time been introduced, and «n £» * See in?, 

 those Scotch farmers that are free ^ n l 1 . u ^ nr ovingcultW»- 

 th^n, that leases have so far a good effect id ' ""^ iB possible 

 tion in the first part of their duration, lt ,r Q r Hvant age8 Ih* rt 

 to devise some means whereby all these ™-" dIord mat bare 

 mentioned may be obviated, whereby ; tne iai ^ andt be 

 some benefit from the increased fertility ^ ^ tQ thc issa 

 tenant reap the advantage of his i m P rove ^ e sial pie andTerj 

 moment of his lease. The means are very ^ j j ne ed^J 



'coe- 



application of 

 fr. m time to 



obvious, namely, the a 



doption of tenant nght ^ f do 



describe what that is, as jou all know" »» a i ne,a» Ic "J 

 I do not argue it for the sake of *•,*■■£,,*„ thettnat 

 sider it of as much advantage to the 1««^ t0 the tenant 

 Tenant right is nothing more than """"'Ay, lease. 1J* 

 for unexhausted improvements at the ena« be teatM* 

 it is for the benefit of the landlord as »ejl as lf . eri dent Wj 

 maintain the good condition of bis land >«» d bj that law 

 — ' "~t result can surely be best accompl'sn ^d 



aducea the tenant not to reduce » iw j gm 



' enter into any system / th c J?ffl sb-'uld ^ 

 .• constructed I considf r that he tenant ,^7 



scarcely 



Council 



and that result can surely be best mot™h»- erti Hty. »»2 

 which induces the tenant not to reduce 1 its , m* 



enter into any system f th T t LCt *b"* ]i ,%, 

 properly constructed I consider that the te eyefJ ,«, 



entirely to his own will in that matter, •£ » ffi . r( . nt msnag^ 

 under different circumstances would require wouId Jea™ 

 ment, T would frame leases in surh ■"»■""• w thr best 0. 

 tenant free and unfettered to farm nis ■ »- perm 1 " 1 /"', & 

 sldll, and for his unexhaus'ed ";? n " r " 9 ce a a t the «* ° J^ 

 provements I wou d make an a' 1 "necessary t* h»« '^tt 

 lease. While doing this it would be nece ' 8 rcV - e „ted r*«y 

 clause whereby the landlord wou a D ° %. a tens" - ^ 

 .he risk of having Lis land d«««r.t , „5 l^'tooT 



the tenant to farm accoraiMg «/ ~- " tec t the.--- tt 

 handry, would, in my opinion, muy i it maiaV 

 It must be evident to all, however, that 



the risk of having lis lawu u««- e 



the simple clause generally adopted i» ro|eg 

 the tenant to farm according to in ct 



^"ndl^ 



