THE GARDENERS 



CHRONICLE 



Many trwi have been stripped to the bole, and not a tew 

 deprived of their leading branches. Several woods and 



hedge-rows 



pitiable apt 



kind*, are the principal sufferers ; but other trees, sucn 

 as the Chestnut &c, which were caught with their 

 summer garments— their leaves— on, have also shared 

 the Mine late. The havoc has occurred thus, I imagine :— 

 The snow was accompanied by a little rain and a slight 



which was sufficient to fasten it upon the leaves, 



froet 



z the accumulated weignt xor 

 almost inconceivable force. 



This 



I am 



the branches with 

 may perhaps be ai 



peculiar state of t\ 

 not aware that there was much wind at the time. 

 What I have stated relates to North Cheshire : how 

 much further it has extended I cannot say, but of one 

 tiling I am certain, that wherever the occurrence has 

 taken place, the loss to some landowners will prove to 

 be [very considerable. T. B. Ryder, Warrington, Nov. 11. 



LaU F'ujs (see p. 709).— As "S. B." is desirous of 

 obtaining late Figs, and is limited as to convenience for 



rivviug them, I would recommend him to try what 

 Jersey is called " the Double-bearing Black Fig."' 

 This plant will continue to produce an incessant crop 

 from July to November, if planted in a pot of sufficient 

 size, and placed in an ordinary greenhouse. Charles B. 

 Sawder a t Jersey. 



Double diggin [/round intended for Fruit trees, — I 

 observe that the utility of this practice is called in ques- 

 tion in your Paper, at p. 693 ; both sides of the subject 

 have been so well stated, that it is difficult to find 

 arguments for eitiier view, of greater force than those 

 advanced. I have always been puzzled to account for 

 the different practice pursued by the same persons in 

 preparing ground for Emit trees. I have seen gardeners 

 make rich borders for Vines, from 18 inches to 2 feet 

 deep, upon which they would not allow a spade to be 

 used j their reason when demanded is, that they wish to 

 have^ all the roots sufficiently near the surface to be 

 within the influence of sun and air ; they tell you that 

 when the roots are encouraged to a great depth the 

 fruity is deficient in quantity and quality. Mr. M'Nab, 

 of Edinburgh, plants his wall trees on the surface, 

 and places good soil over the roots, so that the trees 

 appear to be placed on a mound— the reason he gives for 

 such practice is, that just stated ; then why does not the 

 same argument hold good in regard to dwarf fruit trees? 

 Having 114 acres of orchards, some of which have 

 been planted on both systems, 1 have no hesitation in 

 saying, that the time expended in double digging 

 has been worse than thrown away in our case. 

 A few years since, we broke up a field of Grass land for 

 the purpos >f forming a new .fruit tree nursery; about 

 half was double dug, the turf turned towards the 

 bottom, in tJie other half the turf was kept to the 

 surface, both were planted with stocks of different kinds; 

 the first season those planted in turf grew much the' 

 best, those planted in the first part being stunted, and 

 the Plum stocks in particular being infested with 

 smother-fly. In the following season they overtook the 

 others, but were never so well rooted, being more 

 dUhcult to get up, and their roots being long, instead of 

 fibrous. Many of the dwarf Peaches were quite spoilt- 

 lor when they were once in the turf they quite overdrew 

 themselves, and became unsaleable. It is possib!e°that 

 the experience of other persons may be quite the 

 reverse of mine, and that' ' "" ~ 



it may be impossible to L, -....,..», 



tie same time whatever may be saidTn flwour o7 double 

 digging, I think it would be difficult to justify the 

 turning the good soil to the bottom, and the subsoil to 

 toe top; nor is this necessary in the operation, as both 

 may be left in the same relative positions. /. Ji. Pearson, 



of time they will hang on the tree, after they have 

 reached maturity. This variety of Plum is esteemed 

 (and justly so) one of our finest autumnal fruits, and I 

 deem it worthy as much care and attention as the best 

 Peach or Nectarine in cultivation. G. Fry. 



Broccoli.— -It is an established fact, that whenever 

 a'reformation of any kind is attempted, whether of a 

 political or social nature, some are always found anxious 

 to carry it to excess ; and that Mr. Ay res, or rather 

 Mr. Barnes, should be desirous of going the " whole 

 hog," is another proof of what unstable beings we are. 

 At page 710, we have a list of names for Broccoli, suffi- 

 cient to fill a page in a boy's spelling-book, all cut down 

 to two ; or as Mr. Ayres says, "cast to the winds." 

 Now, though I have been a reformer all my life, I cannot 

 coincide with extreme notions, and I am old enough to 

 remember how often similar ones have been wrong ; but, 

 no offence to Mr. Ayres, whose proposition does him 

 ;reat credit, and if one kind of Broccoli can be adapted 

 to so varied a supply, the m Walcheren " is that kind ; 

 but I beg to ask him, if he thinks it can be depended on 

 to stand a severe winter. I very well remember that all 

 mine perished before February, in the winter of 1846 

 and 1847, and if I had not had some hardier kinds, I 

 should have been in a poor plight that spring ; as it was 

 there was very little, yet there were a few. Now, 

 though I consider the Walcheren to be the most useful 



do not think that it is much hardier 



Thomps 



specimens 



hurra ofi 



1*4 





TJieB ook of the Salmon. In Two P-nT ~ 



Theory, Principles, and Pr ?.- ^ P »«Un. 

 Salmon, with iSrts' cTSJd^Sf *,?'*«? 

 good river, in Jhe empTrT fel.^^ 



History of the Salmon, all its kn 



and the best way of artificially b^dba 



With numerous coloured engrkvin ' f 



author of *h* «U^ju..i. 8 „ n ? s - I 



;ling 



The X 



*N 



and Co. 



at more regular 



kind we have, I 



than the Cape ; but it comes in 

 periods. Nevertheless, I question whether it can be 

 depended on to come in at the same time as the 

 Southampton and other 'large sorts, which [are so 

 serviceable in spring. But Mr. Ayres mentions another, 

 which is a spring sort, and 1 do not question his having 

 had the one or the other in use the whole of a mild 

 season ; but the same may be effected with more cer- 

 tainty by one or two more kinds, and in a severe winter 

 their utility will be more apparent. An Old Gardener. 



The following is a list of those sorts which I deem 



the most 'valuable. They succeed each other in the 

 way in which their names stand. Autumn and early 

 winter : Walcheren, Hammond's Cape, and Snow's 

 Superb White. This last, if obtained true, is indeed a 

 superb sort. It served me last season until the middle 

 of February. Late winter and early spring : Winter 

 Imperial, and Knight's Protecting. This last is also a 

 first-rate variety. Late spring : Wilcove, Elsden's Late, 

 and Miller's Dwarf, planted in a late situation. G.Fry. 



I find the following to be first-rate; Snow's Early White, 

 Grange's Early White, Knight's Protecting, Chappell's 

 Cream, Mammoth,*; Late White, and Miller's Late 

 Dwarf ; the last sort is decidedly the best late sort out, 

 and it is very hardy; it requires to be planted early, and 

 richly manured. Alexander Matthew, Moore Abbey, 

 Monastereva7i, Nov. 5th. 



BTery man fond of fishing should read ft i 

 it will well repay him. Many tha? ar * * * K'* 

 rag, after they have read it, are likely tot. 0ad(/6 * 

 salmon fisher should be without it L ♦> ^T^* *• 

 it gives information of all the best salmon t- I* « 

 United Kingdom, with plates and iSSS? ? * 

 rag the most killing'flies for each river > u ',*** 

 structions for the tackle necessary fm.' Jr.."" 1 '*- 

 king of fish. ^ lor ^"nnj tk» 



In the second part, the natural history and h.^ ^ 

 the salmon are minutely described, fli "*. 7** 

 spawning through the successive stew of u * 



These interesting details contain the resul of T^ 

 wearied attention for many years of Mr Andrl v "" 

 of Invershin, with instructions for J°7lH 

 the artificial breeding and rearing T$i*J° 

 they are large enough to turn into the river R 

 the means here pointed out, the proprietors of LZl 

 rivers might increase the stock of fish, a point hithata 

 too much neglected in most of the salmon riwTS 

 the United Kingdom. nTe ™ m 



The natural and familiar style of writin» cwfeg a. 

 reader wi th the author through all the details of hxh 

 subjects, and it is at once perceptible that you acconmr 

 a master of the art. ' 



The value of this book to the salmon fisher is alreadj 

 noticed ; to the naturalist it will be equally essentiiL 

 But one word of advice to those who are neither one 

 nor the other will not be wasted upon such as will nti 

 " The History of the Salmon," for they will be made 

 familiar with a subject not only interesting in itself for 

 the moment, but calculated to enlarge the sphere of every 

 intelligent and reflecting mind. 



S, 



Sow to Crop a Small Kitchen Ga 



In answer to Mr. Steel, I beg to s„ „. 4 WIUUHSU 



to mention that 1 had retained one-fourth part of m^ 

 garden for beds of Carrots, Onions, Beet, &c (The 

 Asparagus bed, of course, is stationary^, and'l propose 



Sme „t WU1S - yCar 'Z retain **» ™*«** ^ the 

 STWT , \ an0ther P art of tJ * g^en. I do not 

 Z bit n. aV T ^ "f^ Cabba S es tbr m ? household, 

 SJtXJ * [ T: ted ♦ W i th0 ? t dun S' the ^ are ™-eet and 

 SST% St be cIear that in Egging the garden 



SSSisL^L 1 " 1 t marked out and ^ u «^iS 



SS toit ^ ready , at any time to P lant th e different 

 KlS ^ "otke Peas especially ; and as 



mvselfTlTnnmUh? ^SV^ P ^ ng " ° f the CT0 P 9 

 For the « E e Intl^ Iff sf d T antaSeS aUuded to. 

 certainly only^SS h ? Ir \? teel m( l uire3 ahout : I 

 Cabbages.Tft ? ^' ^V^ s * w * bo ™ the said 



grown^Je W the 2p ^ ^ T U have bee * 

 asking tfS Z^ 3 P Tt WCre - - I thank Mr - S - for 



alluded to :is £fr£"ZZ l JST™ ^ V he mide 

 as to the mode of^L^ local Pa P er ' "^ these hints 



as he writes, «a ste?K| ffi . tr " st ' £■* F«i 



Coc's Golden Drop J»& "«£ ^T "/«^ 

 whether it is not the natC^d i? w d ' t a *u Page 710 > 

 Wore getting ripe I I ^ %it "Vt"? 1 .^' 

 J"g commences after thTfrS hta^ ^^ shnvel " 

 I havetrws of large size, Shwd ' ££»**. *****>: 

 and west walls, and "also ^J532d, £l fTl 8 ? Uth 

 |h» season lus b*n unusuallTS ^? at ° f which 

 the first eatharin^. »„-„ ~L ™ * ."?* a "undant. Ail 



jnd as 8.„ooin and even as possible 



a-han,-,! the tnut t,,.,„,.. 

 exquisite fiavonp. 

 Nov. 10, 



Garden Memoranda. 



Woodlands Nursery, Isleworth.— It is now pretty 

 well known, by means of advertisement, and otherww, 

 that ,Mr. Dobson, formerly gardener to Mr. Beck, )m 

 commenced nurseryman and florist on his own aecorait 

 He has bought a piece of ground, close to the hfe- 

 worth railway station, on which he has put up son* of 

 the glass-houses from Worton Cottage ; and as Mr. B«ek 

 at one time amused himself in making experiments in 

 heating, a short history of the means by which one or 

 two of these houses were wanned, may not be unm- 

 structive. The Orchid house at Worton Cottage *■ 

 furnished with two wooden tanks, with a path between 

 them. They were originally contrived as beds in whiA 

 Roses in pots were plunged, and brought forward in ge«r 

 bottom-heat. Upon some 3 by 2| inch Oak posts, 21 * 

 above the ground line, with bearers framed into te 

 same, 3 by 2.V inches, placed edgewise, was fixed a m 

 formed of 1 % inch best yellow deal, entirely freeWB 

 sap, dead knots, and shakes. For the bottom th e MB* 

 were placed lengthwise, ploughed and feather-tong*^ 

 and bolted together with | inch bolts and nuts ;J» 

 and ends the same, 9 inches deep, put together*" 

 back nails, and white-lead in all joints. Down J he ,™3 

 and centre of the tank, to within 6 inches ot tnem 

 farthest from the boiler, ran a U inch board on e^ 



'V 



affords 



table p^foetiy ripe, 

 L «* the season 



-hen*! my W^b^l? 

 another proof as to the l e S 



ExTOMOLoercAL, Nov. 3. — J. 0. Westwood, Esq., 



President, in the chair. Amongst the donations were the 



beautiful case of Van Diemen's Land insects, exhibited 



by Mr. ;F. Cox, in the Australian department in the 



Crystal Palace ; also Mr. Golding's interesting specimen 



of honey-comb, in which an artificial queen had been 



reared from a worker-larva in one of his bar-hives 



The President exhibited a living larva of the fine 



Hamaticherus heros, sent by Sir Thomas Pasley from 



1 embroke-dock, where it is found occasionally in the 



heart of Italian Oak timber, and pointed out the peculiar 



construction of the^anterior part of the body of this and 



other Longicorn larvae, which had led to the first seg- 

 ment after the head being regarded by some writers as 



part of the latter, m consequence of the position of the 



nrst spiracle in the second segment of the thorax 

 contrary to the ordinary structure of larva. He also' 

 l exhibited a drawing of the structural details of Leptinus 

 testaceus, a small blind beetle, found in ants' nests, of 

 which very few specimens have occurred in this country. 

 Mr. VV. W. Saunders exhibited some small beetles 

 (Anobium pamceum), which had destroyed a quantity of 

 small maccaroni ornaments, likewise some Kidney Beans 

 which had been destroyed by a small species of acarus 

 the plants, after having laid on the manure heap for two 

 or three days having been further found to be covered 

 with a fine web, evidently the produce of the mites in 

 quesuon Mr. S. Stevens exhibited a specimen of 

 i>.rccoa discolor, a genus of Coleoptera, and a species of 

 Grac.lia. .a, both new to the British fauna, taken by Mr 

 Weaver, m t , Black Forest, Perthshire ; also spec?™*™ 

 of Helops palhda from Tenby. Mr. F. Smith exhibited 



iittSXVX n 7 a , ° f Cyni P S lo »gipennis, found 



h ithin the galls on Oak leaves, commonly called " Oak 

 spangles " ami Mr. Douglas specimens of ^ new spede* 

 ot 1 uieute, the larva of which infest dried Figs, likew se 

 d a uIc°a U m ?* her rT le P id 0Ptera, reared from" sln um 

 J™ and °ther plants. Mr. Edwin Shepherd 

 exhib.ted a fine series of Noctua (Aporonhil^ J2L,r 

 and a pale variety of Colias edusa, ( «ffi^K3 

 of Deal; and Mr. Wilkinson specimens of T^i- 

 hchenella, the females of which had prodnced flvt \ffZl 



drawings of some bpantif.il \^-J 11 *' tde > a,8 ° 3 a nd 4 inch pots in the best posi 



etii, 



to the same height. On these rested htf-in* JJJ 

 laid crossway 8 , and beneath them circulated £ uj^ 

 deep of hot- water through a boiler, the flow PP . 

 which was introduced at one side of the <™*> . 

 end of the tank, about 2 inchesfrom f^ J jfsel£r 

 whilst the retnrn pipe was fixed in *£. j^ the 

 and on the other side of the division. Tms hea 



mt _ WS5 



wanted for 



deepened 7 



iron bolts. 



series of removable shelves, rising 



of the roof to the wall. These tanks wer ' ^ Te W 



the 13th of October, 1846, and now tha ^S lan ds, they 



moved and replaced by Mr. Dobson, at woo near)y * 



are found, after six years' tear and wear, « o ^^ 



sound as ever thev were. Considering ;**#" 



the purposes of propagation, w fi . t 



inches, by removable »des, W w ' % 



From the edge of >jf ffjfcfc 



not only 



<to3 b1. 



_ joffio** 



but that they have been found to be P e "^^ One* 

 for the general purposes of amateur S aI ? d f or be»ti* 



Stephenson's copper boilers has been ein 5 itlooto no* * 



this tank for these three years past, ana ^ 



if it would last as long again ; so mucli ro ^ & 



T" -egard to plants, having been suj f ^ n e* 



excellent ^collection of Pelargon.^ ^M 



Tieek 



s 



On 



smaUp^ 



an account. 



^as by Mr. M'Gillivray : also 

 Savigny, of whose scientific l„> 



m 



sible co 



oditw* 



i 



Ian* 



part 



gave 



0k 



j « 4hird boo 56 ' ** y,Ji 



metropolitan exhibitions ; and a tnir o ^ n e>fl» p 

 Ions and 9 feet wide, has been »«« 



next hous 

 which are 



, 24 feet by V£, conu*»- - » 

 intended to be shown next sea* 



•r 



