1 



) a xi 



k u y l l l v: . 



, ■ n 



""vnlSll and NOBLE'S detailed Advertisement 



fA- u this Paper on the first Saturday in tv,r\ 



hich they invite the attention of all interested in 



tNAlfEXrAL i' VNTS. Their I>e*criptive Cata- 



the '* Cultivation of Am eric in 



"SSL 



•o irbi© 



*** *ith the treatise on 

 |*«* r * 7n still be bad by enclosing six stamp) 

 M - *! In reauirin* the service* of a Lands 

 J .^. c such by applying to the Advertisers. 



fesRSTJ MY ATT ani> SONS have a Stock of 



\l v OTORIA or RABY CASTLE CDKRaXT. andean 

 rood strong Plants at 255. per 100 ; extr.i strong, 2 years 



' * ^ots 



^f?\TT°M I/INN US 10?. per dozen. 



jSyiTrS VICTORIA ... .„ 10* 





dozen. Also, a good Stock of 2 years planted 



HY 



PLY- 



Sifcai. LS ROYAL ALBERT 



Smaller 1 year planted Roots, at 50*. per 100. 



^innr Farm, Deptfo rd, Nov. 2* . „__ 



7^ ^l U'iAS STOCK OF FORE- ITRJ S, SHRUB 

 i Bb V 0^ SALE AT RKNDLE'S NURSERY, 



ySlITH -ESTABLISHED 17SJ. 



nriLLLAM E. RENDLE and CO., Nurserymen 

 f amd Florists to her Most Gracious Majesty tl 

 O^harea LARGE SURPLUS STOCK o/ TREES 

 t5t\ch«[TRS more than they require for their usual 



prices 



of this Paper. 



far Autumnal Catalogue of A 

 fntt Trees is just published^ and 



pm 



W!LL 



endle and Co., Nurserymen, Plymouth. 



Bs5 and BROWN beg to refer to their AdvertuM- 

 ' meat of CHOICE GERANIUMS, in th* 2d papre oi each 

 +ttftft of Gardeners* Chronicle, of Sept. 27th and Oct. 11th. 

 fSolanti are exceedingly fine and vigorous. With immediate 

 mSZgt tcey will make good specimen plants for exhibition 

 ^tstsson, vita abundant blooms, and will be found v<i> 

 Thev alao, in the same Advertisements, beg to refer to 

 select list of NEW PLANTS. Also NEW CHRYSAN- 

 fggMUMS, AZALEA IND1CA, <fcc, ot which they have a 



^oies assortment, strong and vigorous, and offered at low 



\2 rt>leanid Stove Plants, for winter snd early spring flower, 

 flQf. 12 beautiful Greenhouse Plants, for do., 15s. 

 Catalogues on application. Goods free to Londun, or any part 1 

 tftte Ipswich line to Norwich, and extra plants, gratis, for 

 stfers or 40s. and upwards. Remittances from unknown cor- 



Sttd and 'Hortic ultural Establishment, Sudbury, Su ffolk. 



"* iTcOMPLBrR AKBOKETU M. 



GL0DDIGES and SONS beg to state that they 

 • are now supplying the above, comprising upwards of 

 1200 •pedes of TREES and SHRUBS, correctly named, for 

 HJl, cash on delivery ; and as their collection of hardy plants 

 *M have to be dippersed this season, in consequence of the 

 Und being let for building, they most respectfully .*u.**e»t that 

 til per is contemplating the formation of a CuMPLRTE 

 ARBORETUM should make early application, as the stock of 

 Ware tpecfrs is verv li mited.— Hackney. Nov. 22. 



" ^PlNUS AUSTRIACA," 



THE BLACK AUSTRIAN PINE. 



LUCOMBE, PIXCE, and Co., have now on sale a 

 lar^e stock of very fine, healtny, strong plants of this 

 truly desirable i'ine.ffom 9 inches to 2 feet hub, which, having 

 bs*B- frequently transplanted, are very well rooted, and con- 

 lequently quite safe to remove to any distance, and are of a 

 superior quality (jjreat attention having been paid to their 

 cultivation); price from 20j , 40s., to 50s per 1000. They have 

 also some of larger sizes, from 3 to 6 feet high, equally safe to 

 move, owing to proper attention having been paid to their roots, 

 at proportionately higher prices. 



This noble and most serviceable Pine thrives in bleak and 

 exposed situations (even in poor soils), growing rapidly, and 

 producing dense shelter, in places where oth r trees will not 

 rrorr. It also succeeds admirably close to the sea, resisting 

 there the- spray and roughest winds. 



Jixeter N ur«ery, near Exeter, Nov. 22. 



require*! lor these operations being a small I y ior 

 screwing off and on the nuts. 



We have had this scythe, fixed as above described, 

 tried in our own garden ; but it was found that th 

 upper joint could not be made fast enough to keej» 

 he blade steady without the assistance of a ' iss 

 hook, and the latter, in addition to other inconve- 

 niences, would not permit the heel to be sharpen* 

 sufficiently well to render it capable of cuttin 

 short Grass with advantage. This circumstance 

 induced Mr. Boyd to substi te a cogged joint, 

 i. e. having a ratchet and key or tooth, so as \ 

 prevent the joint moving outwards : and now the 

 invention answers perfectly, and is a very important 

 improvement on the common scythe, inasmuch as J 

 it can be set on the spot in a minute or two. and to 

 the greatest nicety, by the workman who is *o 

 it. When the time and trouble requir 1 to set 

 a new scythe, or the rendering an old one capable of 

 being used by a second mower, are taken into ac- 

 count, the value of Mr. Boyd's contrivance will be 

 apparent ; and we strongly recommend it for trial 

 by the mowers of lawns. For hay it may be found 

 too weak in the neck ; but for short Grass i: is suffi- 

 ciently strong, and perfectly efficient. 



In the early part of the sprii we gave a shor 

 account of some curious experim >, oi M. VillEi 

 on the direct absorption of nitrogen by growing 

 plants ; these researches (which s< eined to indicate 

 that, to some extent at least, plants are able t 

 absorb the nitrogen of the air in its separate and 

 uncombined state, and therefore that they tre not 

 entirely dependent on ammonia and nitric acid for 

 the supply of that important element) led to the 

 publication of a second series of experiments b 

 RIM. Cloez and Gkatiolkt (d. 117). Th 



tist the rtRButK ait 





» \ 



* are 



far 



rom 



w, mas Mien 



>rv. mil': ha 



<afe to deduce, from :m>M 



not 



of this sen 



wh plants are pfcieed under forced and unnatural 



n«. any 1 laws respa owth 



of plants. It is si wn that uuder the pecul r 

 cii nut am of the exi p] « eally 



their leave . iich j >* - 



wai ward he roots ; I it is at the same ► also 



•wn, that this downward cum ail is not a 



absorb air through 



t 



heaiiiiy function of the plant. , i in entirely 



»m the unnatural conditio: - i A it is }\, i 



The main question remains jus! is it was 



any of thee* experiments were published : for, even 



ranting that the < n-'int abmvpfr aM * mission 



f n ;en were proved it v et remain to be 



mwn in what manner this > connor d with the 



rowth of the plant ; for if it i* only the cm* that 



plants absorb, and su [W ly give F, the san. 



niti en, and do : t periuan< assimi 



late any of if, the im) itance oi ee oi : mbined 



nitrogen will not be j iuved ; and u« I have to 



fall back again upon the old theory, that I can 



only ass ii. .ate nitrogen win it is in a Mate of 



conihklaftMiu 



- 



1 klateaamberof tb«- lk HotaaisbkeZ ' th 



a notice by Som \ the < that 



l>ireator of the Botanical Garden at Vienna kaaial 





TTolet (p. 147). 

 entlemen, without giving any nriiute details of e 

 mode in which their experiments were conduct 1, 

 stated that their results were in accordance with 

 those of M. VrnLE, and that they had arrived at thai 

 conclusion, that plants in growing, as it were, 

 respire a certain quantity of nitrogen ; that is 

 to say, that they constantly exhale a small quan- 

 tity of that gas, and that they languish and e 

 if they are placed under circumstances in which 

 they are unable to absorb a fresh supply of it. to 



replace that which is thus continually being given 



off. We did not at the time think the arguments of p, C nt time is too much in keeping with eh 



these authors conclusive or satisfactory, but as the 



subject is one of very great practical importance, we 



looked forward with a good deal of interest to the 



publication of further experiments and observations, 



on the absorption of nitrogen by plants. Recently 



MM. A. and W. Knop have to some extent con- 



m 



occasion of the puhli< .tiea of the annual Seed 

 Oatalogie to append a leaf containing * l»t ef *«ch 



s as have be > recdtel i *m th< i Uetwfoal 



< rdens under incorrect nam- and tl as 



made up 1 i mind to adopt the plan i 



future. So m; y difficulties at t ipon h 



a practice, an<J so large a staff •■ entiftc l^i rs 

 and prof. with ail th< ompabiu^enti of a 



irst-rate library and herbarinM, foi the accurate 

 letermination of every object under ltivatioc 

 that we do not think 'it probable that 11 be 



very generally adopted. It is still, however, a 

 step in the right din though one which i no 



be fully « ied out, in our own country at 

 least, notwith audi ev<»ry wish to do m I 

 he moro influential clft' i of our body j 

 have far more correct ru ris than t! v posnees 8 



A 



. 



lilt (BKvXftmvsi 9 CIvroutcir 



SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 22, 1851. 



SUING WEEK. 



Ifes day, Not. 24— Geographical 8}t.m. 



I Londoa Floricultural • 1 r.wp. 



Trim*. -J Civil Engineers ., 8 pm. 



i»«iD4T. - 2»< Bf«<Mf»l and Chiwrffical S^t.u. 



(Zoological 9 r.*f. 



W«r>-«*« n ** _l_ <»c r"Micro8Ctjpicr*l 8 p.m. 



WlESWDAT. - 26[ Societyo J Aftt 8 P.M. 



( Royal Soe. of Literature 4 p-m. 



TavaiDAt — «r) Numismatic 7 r.ar. 



' **l Antiquarian ..«*.. o p.m. 



(Royal 8*p.m. 



SiTTTiDAT — og f Botanical ...*<.. 5 ? ,MV 



firmed the observations of Cloez and Gratiolet, 

 or at least confirmed their experiments, for it do. 

 not by any means follow that the conclusions drawn 



from them are correct. 



In these new experiment*, there is one point of 



interest entirely opposed to the results of Cloez and 

 Gratiolet, and which appears to throw a uood deal 

 of light upon some parts of the subject. It will be 

 remembered that these experiments are somewhat 

 complicated, inasmuch as the plants which are the 

 subjects of experiment are growing under water, 



therefore, in circumstances considerably 

 from those of ordinary land 



present the imj rl mce of the less showy parte 

 ofnatu 1 science. * Onfortui tely, the taste of the 



pi ent time is too much in keeping with ch 

 uperficial views, but we still have hopes that betts 

 thuiL re before us, and that the success vh ich Jus 

 attended the formation of the mu am at Kevv, 

 wiihin a space of tiaw entirely witheut example in 

 the history of snch institutions, mil thaseodlead 

 to me "gweral results which may make 

 garden n only the fh I Ii? of ihekind 



brvond all comparison within the uniferse, which 

 ui oubtedly it is, hot also a school of Botany 

 equally without parallel. 







and, 

 different 



ordinary 

 Gratiolet found that 



plants, 

 when a cut 



iomh 



8 P.M. 



,Cp r *TBT Shott.— Wednetday, Novembap 26 : Newcastle on- Tyne Chry 



^hk appearance of Boyd's Self Adjusting Scythe, 



* ^presented in our advertising columns, must have 



attracted the attention of our readers. We have 



of 



— ~^, ..— - j its 



^g capable of being set, without the assistance of 



• blacksmith, to any angle that may suit the 

 J^pirements -of the workman who is to use it. The 



Jjwed from B 

 7* contrivanceat 



one 

 in 



p !t is therefore to the means of fixing the two 

 her, that we have to direct attention. This 

 ^asists of an iron band, attached lengthwise for 

 . or 5 inches to the under side of the handle, 

 Jaediately at the end of which is a joint, kept 



'--Aei by a ictaw aftd nut>, that moves bori* 



?°ntally inwards or outwards, and from this 

 Pint a square iron arm, about 3 inches long, 

 c *e8 the heel of the scythe, which is fur- 

 ?*** with an eye through which a flanged screw 

 * Pa^ed into the circular flattened end of the 

 J* 1 arm just alluded to. By these means the 

 2JJ e ls ^tached firmlv to the handle, and the cut- 

 ?5 edge can either be set high or low, as may be 

 rlj^ed. while the tipper joint permits the blade to 

 |* ^ed in or out of the square, as suits the kind of 

 w «ft to which it is applied ; call the implements 



Cloez.- and Gratiolet found that wnen a 

 piece of Potamogeton stem was exposed under 

 water to the influence of light, pas was given 

 off from only one of the cut surfaces, namely, 

 that which was nearest to the root of the 

 plant'; this result is not confirmed by the experi- 

 ments of MM. Knop ; they found that the evolution 

 of gas, at either the upper or lower cut surface of 

 the piece of stem, did not depend on its felation to 

 the root, but, on the contrary, depended wholly on 

 the known laws of hydrostatic pressure, the gas 

 always being given off from that surface which was 

 uppermost, and which was, therefore, least tfected 

 by the weight of the water in which it was phrnqed. 

 In fact, the general result of their experiments 

 appears to show, that under such circumstances, 

 when plants are plunged under water, whether 

 entire or cut in pieces, the evolution of gas is not 

 so much regulated by the peculiar construction and 

 direction of the cells and intercellular passages of 

 the stem, as by the different degrees of resistance 

 to its evolution', presented by the various degrees of 

 pressure to which the surface of the plant is sub- 

 jected. Hence, also, they are led to conclude, that 

 the evolution of gas from such plants, when they 

 are cut or wounded under water, does not prove 

 that a similar evolution of gas is constantly taking 

 place when the plant is in a sound and healthy state, 

 but only results from the diminished pressure to 

 which the gas in that part of the plant is subjected ; 

 it escapes from its weakest part— that part in which 



it is least perfectly confined. 



These observations of MM. Knop, which seem 



BRITISH SON<; BIUDS. 



(Cage Birds. No :3 ) 



js . i/v_«if we be rightly instruc V* as the 

 •ntlemen of the long robe cfi otff observat ns about 

 the starling, magpie, parrot, a h r envs omnr, are 

 unanswerable ; inasmuch as nn person will corme forward 

 to prove that these ciWtnrei- r can nndirmmd what 

 thev say.* How then can they « r**«>n " *b*t wh«* 

 they do not understand ? The i<iea is absurd. L*l m 

 look- upon this point as settled. There -till nrnam* for 

 to consider the claims of the HocttMp-bird, m* the 



« Talkii canary ;" of which, anon. 



Wp Ii*™ been asked, if w% wtreav ho h*ei of a rd 



mtv nod the c lis 



we hat* : and 



dmse*Hed^ 



containing the brain ? Most a \r*4ft 

 we most readily pi*M (what i. « o»fcht to be al 

 that can be r^uiiei of us) th* it »**«*«*» 

 contrivance of Nature so to fe**i»h as tmich brain, art 

 no more, than can answer^ wants, iwqutnsmente, and 

 perfect happiness of e*** one ot her < fl*M tendy. 

 Ever since we first is^ft Natsral lltetorj an stody, «* 



Heser bountiful pronslieis 



i 



have dwelt upon - 



with the fondest wjoymeni. Ihe reward attending such 



pursuit* is ^appreciable. But to return. 



The mocking bird, though we have lately so J run him 

 down/' Is a magnificent" improvement ^ on the parrot 

 tribe. His brain gives evidence that his powers are 



^reat He is hie* * ^'^^ V»v X«iur** to eniov himself. 



exact size of his head 

 thing onhf, — mimicry 



To this end was he born; well has he fulfilled liismis&ion. 

 Hear how faithfully he is described by las bio-rapber 

 Wilson,-*! authority to whom all must bew, who love 

 truth. "The instinct of tins bird," says V -on, * ia 

 peculiar to himself. He whistles for the dog 4 ^sar 

 starts up, and runs to meet his master. He squeaks out 

 like a hurt chicken ; the hen hurries about with hanging 

 wings and bristlin g feathers/ cluck ing ^Joprot t her 



" iod «a we* *« m lb * r th * 



to have been carefully conducted, therefore fully | * ifrpfctei 



circ UmS t»nc. that ».>tne year, rtnee a parrot to- tile \V««- 

 ...inaer.road w%» taught to utter three eon^uf. ( u )t><W* 



occasion. Polly repeated her l- to ■«>«"'■ ; "f 



rrm.-er (ft fi»hmon«rer) haritiR *man<ie4 it. M. f-n ■ a .j>*tt cf 

 » le . of an iurendms pirrcha.er. the IftKtr -na-e «••«. ' ! ." 

 ,u 1,. . ,i." ' ii\, to Bath : •' *ft-.ted IP» •.. ^Vbether tt>« 



^4 In phrenolo ? ical parlance,-" The Or R an of l«atiOT. 



' 



