47—1851.] 



iJdinu .prepared by raixin 



•THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



13 



either a bushel of sheep 

 or soot" in a large tub of water, which must 



(T 



n 



Such are le of the niore^interesting points I if a 

 treatise the peroral of which in i: xte i idea form w* 



refculf 

 it viiil 



Utirred up and then allowed to settle ; he then heartily recommend. We unders : nd t Mr. I.'s 

 iilutes it again with soft water before using it, | plants are now in splendid 



three times a week, 

 thinning, Mr. I. says : 



but not oftener. 



to* 



J dilutes 

 «tfch is two or 



%So soon as the side shoots are three or four joints 

 /look them over and reduce them to the number 

 Sired. Such kinds as Annie Salter, Queen of 

 £Vg« Defiance, L'Ange Gardien, and all with similar 

 te habits, I allow from 12 to 18 shoots ; if very fine 

 are required, thin them out to 12 ; if a larger 

 are desirable, they will carry 18, but which of 

 will be smaller ; these plants look very beautiful 



tten properly sticked out : such kinds as the Duke, 

 i^gred Yellow, Queen of the Gipsies, Formosum, 

 ^ Nonpareil, from 10 to 12 blooms. 



*It should here be observed, with regard to those 

 u» kinds, the cuttings of which were directed to be 

 a! in by the third week in May, are also to be potted 

 Satopped each time in advance of the early sorts, as 

 frihoots require longer to mature themselves. In 

 Ifring out the shoots, leave them equally distributed, 

 $ as to form a handsome uniform plant; if suckers 

 gpetr from the bottom, stop them just above the soil, 

 gtbev may be useful alter a time, in case a few of the 

 tUtom leaves go off. The Queen of Yellows is liable, 

 £er sropping, to produce two or three very strong 

 from the top, and grow quite away from the 

 these strong shoots must be removed as 



fcots 



jper ones ; 



as they appear 



if 



not, 



a Dahlia. 



bloom, and vi 1 worth inspec- 

 tion. They average from 18 inches to 2 feet in beigln 

 and have 12 blooms to a plant, as large and perfect as 



Some idea may be formed of their size 

 when it is stated that one can barely span the blooms 

 over, and they are beautifully up in the centre. 



Fly- Fishing in 'Salt and Fresh Water (Van Voorst), 

 contains good directions for making artificial flies, an 

 useful practical advice to fishermen who visit Ireland, 

 especially as regards se: ; fly-fishing, and the preparation 

 of winter flies. The author assures his re lers that he 



has fished * on 365 days in the year, exceptin 

 on Sundays ! n 



g, of course, 



Layard's Popular Account of Discoveries at Nineveh 

 (8vo, Murray), is another of Mr. Murray's valuable 

 contributions to " Reading for the R 1." The w »rk is 

 very skilfully condensed by the author, and will be 

 most acceptable to those who have found his larger wori 

 inaccessible. It is illustrated with capital woodcuts 

 and plans of excavations. 



a mora cm}. in Mi i^ii i 01*6 evu aI il rr, **ud 



be well for tl.o «.x«tMitir« to iff m ra (ft) < haqfi 



in their eottfttil ion, in etas •> t ; ra*b«»r m 



be prow c<l b\ (he ol rb, ' wo Wa 



hava an r\ .« borate rt pr tHaff. bat from the Jar* o»r 



ere our duties at the axial u n coacJttde<i. we ;- 



mble t e the retulti In d« * • \ he 



wore prominent of tbe successful e ibttore, we ftr.d the t»»me» 

 ot Ta>lor, scrubv, Linltn**, J*nu*. Ssuderaoa. K.lMr, Ban del, 

 Merry, Croxlord. 0. Smiifa, lUtooa, Shield, I .er, 



iat a, Williams, Chandler, Salter, &c. J. L. 



Fooks : G 67. Received with thanks, and will have earlv atten- 

 tion. .7. /;.— C J J . Too late for this week. J £. 



Catalog iE Received from G. Rogers, Uttoxcttr, .£T.rd- 

 shire. J. S. 



CoMMDwicATioas : W E II. We thank you for the otfar, ard 

 will report on the subject in a daj or two. J. £,— J 1 W 



Next week. J. E. 

 FaosT : A. It was so severe about London on Saturday nigfct 



thMt much damage has been experienced in come plaota* 



17^ are reported J. E. 

 TrLirs: T. If the soil ha« much settled, ad: sufficient to 



make the bed tven witii the side boards, provide*! always 



that by so doing you do not bury your bulbs too deep. J. A. 



FLORICULTURE. 





Miscellaneous. 



Stackmy Ice.— lee may best 1 plain English ice, 



or snow well beaten down into a mass, aft* r the Roman 

 fashion, which antw its for all c< non * purj se* every 



bit as veil. This is the mode of itacking id or mow 



which lias been found to nucceed most thoroughly ^nt 

 Chat worth ;in the first plaet, lettheowncrof the dairy - 



they will spoil the plants 

 «te. I recommend to grow several plants of Vesta, 

 Riot, Nonpareil, and The Bride, where convenient, 



ley being four of the finest ever raised, are distinct 

 colours, and of good habit." 



One of the chief features of Mr. Ivory's system of cul- 

 hre is the treatment of the plants after they are housed, 

 en the weather begins to set in wet or frosty. He says : 

 *At this time, in most gardens there are empty 

 Cucumber and Melon pits, or Vineries ; now in those 

 fits where a moderate bottom-heat (from 65 ^ to 70°) 

 can be secured, is just the place for them, to be plunged 

 to half the depth of the pots — which heat is to he main- 

 tained until the buds begin to expand, or until the first 

 week in November. The effects of the pots being full 

 of firm sound roots, the bottom-heat, and dry air, will 

 loon be perceptible. Before plunging the plants let the 

 mrface of the soil become quite dry, so that if bad weather 

 sets in, the foliage will not be choked with damp, nor 

 will mildew attack them, which is sure to be the case 

 then surrounded by stagnant moist air. In watering 

 ie plants after plunging, be careful not to wet the 

 nrface of the soil in which they are plunged \ I have 

 proved the importance of attending to this. Give plenty 

 t air day and night, only exclude from frost and rain 

 tetli the foliage and buds, the last named in particular ; 

 for if^ wetted now, they are apt to be one-sided. In 

 plunging, give plenty of room, and if in pits have the 

 Sghts off as much as possible. At all times endeavour to 

 secure a circulation of air ; if this is not done, the foliage 

 cannot prepare food for the bud, the footstalk becomes 

 weak and lank, and the leaf turns yellow. Where 

 bottom-heat cannot be secured, set the plants out 

 thinly in houses, and by all means keep the air 

 fry and moving, watering the roots at all times 

 with water at from 65 9 to 70°, which will in some 

 measure answer the purpose. Without bottom-heat I 

 have never been able to produce blooms anything like 

 & point of size and form, as with it. Those kinds 

 which come semi-double in a usual way, will come per- 

 fectly double under this treatment ; indeed, in all kinds 

 it forces the centre out, so as to form a perfect flower, 

 approaching in size and form a first-rate Dahlia. When 

 ~e plants are plunged, lift them up now and then, as, if 

 jkyroot through the bottom, those roots in the pots will 

 J^ome inactive and die. As the centre of the blooms 

 kgia to come up, withdraw them from the heat gradually, 

 toi stick them according to taste. Many kinds are 

 ktter left as they grow, unless intended for exhibition, 

 'hen they must be secured to prevent bruising ; but 

 plants grown in this way, in a few weeks (the shoots 

 temg of equal strength, able to support themselves, 

 ptothed with foliage to the bottom, and 18 or 20 inches 

 j& height), are very different to manage, and move from 

 *** to place, to the naked lank things too often seen, 

 tfjtt any stage of growth, mildew attack them, which is 

 B^eially on \\ ie U11 j er = s ide of the leaf, fill a common 

 J* box with flower of sulphur, turn the plant up- 

 ^ e <lown, then dredire it, and let it remain on ; it will 

 £°|e a safe and sure stop to its ravages^ which, if 

 refected and allowed to spread, will certainly spoil the 

 v"*? 6 - When the blooms are fully expanded (which 

 e y will be after the middle] of November), keep the 

 ^^ rather drier than usual, watering them in the 

 r^ m S; by this treatment the blooms will remain 

 P*ffect for five or six weeks. I have had some kinds 

 Refresh up to the beginning of January." 

 Having treated of die management of the plants in 

 € H^e concludes with the following tnwfttttfi inparro: 

 in' a* in lhe cu ttings from the middle of May to the 

 f^ of June, h U ve all potted off by the middle of 

 j*v> have them all placed in the blooming pots by the 



10 */ e€k in Au g usfc > and al1 stopped within the first 

 i %» of August ; let all the plants be plunged into 

 7\ t0 &i heat (where convenient) and protected from wet 

 ^» cold, by the middle of October, and if all goes on 

 e > they will be in bloom by the middle of November ; 

 2«at the whole time occupied, from commencing with 

 ih! cuttm gs to the time of their being in full bloom, is 

 mx * 20 weeks." 



Breaking Tulips.— Owing to the remarks made in th j farm select, not the ah st mud sb. est »pot as ho 

 G4i iic/eot November the 9th, I am indue 1 to make a i n < Ali \,\\ would do without 1 nairuction tht 



few observations on the raising and breaking of the 

 Tulip. I confess that the rectifying of Tulips is an 

 interesting and " splendid mystery." But I think their 

 variegation is really and strictly the consequence of 

 poverty, as manuring or rauk growing m«»nstratcs 

 beyond all doubt that such an injudicious process ren- 

 ders flowers once light and fine in strain, heavy and 

 badly run. I as well as others have often been both 

 deceived and grieved in my purchases, by only adding a 

 name to my collection and not a variety. The only 

 charitable construction I could put upon it was that the 

 breeder had been broken by different individuals, at 

 different periods, and at different places unknown to 

 each other, each giving it a name, the consequence Wing 

 that one variety being broken at different places and 



periods, received many names. Fifteen years qfo, or 

 thereabouts, I commenced raising seedling Tulips on the 

 following plan, one I would strongly recommend to 

 all who think of immortalising themselves by adding 

 something really good to what we already possess 

 in the Tulip. It is as follows : Early in the spring 

 I sow my seeds in shallow boxes or pans of 

 sandy earth. As soon as the young plants appear to 

 change in the foliage,! take them all carefully out of tin- 

 box, planting each little bulb exactly 6 inches apart, in 

 a bed already prepared for them. 1 lere they are marked 

 and entered in my memorandum book, in the following 

 manner : — 1830. 



No. 5000, from Polyphemus 



5001 

 50< 



5003 

 5004 



5005 

 5006 



• • * 



Triumph Royal 



Surpass Ca'afalque 



1S31. 



Pearl BrilUint ... 



Madame Ve>tris ... 



Strong's KiDg 



Juliet 



• • 



# • • 



• •■ 



• • • 



• t • 



- . • 



• - ■ 



50 roots. 

 100 do. 

 609 do. 



TO do. 

 225 do. 



lio do. 



311 do. 



By this I find 

 seedlings to my 



I have in two years added 1415 new 

 stock. My object in using such high 

 numbers, is toprevent jumbling the numbers placed at 

 seedlings with those of my general collection. In the 

 place where I first plant, exactly 6 inches apart, I never 

 remove them from it, until they bloom and exhibit qua- 

 lities worth taking notice of. By this method I prevent 

 any possible mixture by annually re-planting. But the 

 greatest point gained, is the facilitating their breaking, 

 by remaining so long in the same place, as the breeder 

 colour appears by excess of poverty to be more readily 

 extracted, leaving what we call a rectified flower. As a 

 proof of this, I have broken several, or rather, I have 

 had several beautiful things broken, when first they 

 showed bloom, that was on the fourth or fifth year from 

 seed. There is one fact which I have to make known, 



openest and sunniest, because driest, I Olfr lhe 

 can find — the suunicr the better. At Cbats^-rtli the 

 first trials > re made in shady places, and proved far 

 less satisfactory, because a dry place 1 requil 1, and 

 the dryness which the sun occasions more than com* 

 penaatea for the temperature of its beam*, The plat* 

 form having been judiciously selected, dig all r< it a 



sufficient trench, which is to contain wat< r tliat will, 

 more or less, inevitably drain from the eomph ted stack ; 



let the bank of the trench I - lower on the outer ie, 

 and, if necessary, a siphon tul maybe put in to drain 

 off any excess. The object of the ( uch is, firstly, to 



prevent any of the drainage wat from spreading over 



the platform; therefore to S. p the platform dr : and 

 secondly, to preserve this drainag wat r, which is \« ry 

 cold, and can he used for making butter. Then lay over 

 the whole platform a bed s aw 9 six or nine inches 



thick. Straw isasufneicnt andconvenii nt non OOodu< >r, 



and ice wrapped in straw is tolerably v llprgte< dfrom 



external influence. Upon the straw bed make your 

 stack, building up with sides perfectly upright. The 

 sides are to be thus perpendicular, in order that what- 

 ever units may at once tlowinto thetrenchand not 6oak 

 intoand spoil the ice which remains otherwise umcei ted. 

 If the stack happens to be long, ] lituns of straw 

 should be inserted at convenient distance-, for the 

 protection of one part while another portion is in 

 use. The stack being erected in this manner, coat 

 round the whole outside of it, and thatch it with astraw 

 defence of 1H inches thick. If you build the stack of 

 snow, build it in the same manner, buttakecareto batUn 

 it down. A stack of ice or snow, so Bade and so 

 defended, will remain good through the hot* i summer, 

 and will obviate the necessity for any ice-house, 

 llemember that all this will be done in mid-winter, when 

 your labourers have comparatively nothing to do ; when 

 your horses are eating their head- off ; and your cart- 

 tires are rusting from idleness. Dickm$ 9 i Housitold 



Words. 



^Vii triaRegia in the United State**— On the 21st of 

 Ma h last I phaHted, in small seed-pans, four out of the 

 12 seeds you sent to me. Three of these germinated as 

 follows :— the 1st on the 10th of April, the Jnd on the 

 14th of April, and the 3rd on the 22nd of May. On the 

 24th of May one of the plants was transferred to the 

 house constructed for it, and placed in a U k, of an 

 octagon form, about 24 feet in diameter. The largest 

 leaf was then 4 . inches in diameter. Fire-heal was 



applied till the 21st of June, and then wholly dispensed 

 • ?i ,mi , ?*i»i- ~ r««. A n .*o Tim osiiar hpafc- with the 



hitherto, as far as I knew, unknown to all Tulip raisers. 

 It has been so clearly demonstrated to me, that I cannot 

 allow the Agricultural world to be ignorant of it ; it is, 

 that in preparing one of my seedling beds along the side 

 of a line of Apple-trees, say at 6 yards from tree to tree, 

 opposite and close to the roots of these trees, the number 

 of flowers broken the first time bloomii was so striking, 

 when none, or next to none, were found in the interme- 

 diate spaces, that I could not overlook it, and therefore 

 I at once concluded, with others of my friends, to whom 

 I pointed it out, that poverty was undoubtedly the grand 

 secret in Tulip breaking. William Willhon, Fhwcrgate, 



[Thanks. 





Yours is just the kind of informa- 



secret 

 Whitby. 



tion we want.] 



St^ke Newinqton Cbkysanthemum ExgiBiTiow.— If Jpk 

 the merits ot a gorgeous, and for its season of b ooming, 

 unriTalled flower, were prominently and ^ ^^"f^Jf flower 

 blished with the public by the enemy o'" ^//^N,^^^! 

 must be theChDsantbemum; and tooee "few »*»* * e 

 brou.ht this pre-eminence about, it i iftt ba ^mitt.d by all 

 are the founders of the Stcke Newinqton *™«?;"*°" 

 trinmpbs arrived at the very sammit of perpetual *™ ^ 

 the production. Ust Thursday, submitted for tb ^ aU h h .^^ 



of animnunse aseemUtge, in ^^ r \^^l^^Xtl^ 

 kno«n, not nnlv from the- immediate locality, but the ™£™ff- 

 ing counties of Bwex, Kent. Surrey, Siipbw. BuckiLghamahira. 

 *5. The manor rooms, in which the exhibit on aa » h« A 

 presented a spectacle of the greatest interest-one * hic & m ™ 1 

 be long fixed in the minds of Flora's votaries thit day ■s*em- 

 8 the fifth annual meeting even surpassed tbe 



even 

 cut blooms, com- 



i 



bled. This, 



magnificent display in tbe eame locality las : J 



now vividly in our iecollection : Tiants, cut bio mw ^ _ _ ^ 



pany, and general arrangements. «^ h r J£* w ^ lesfi favourable than Bolar beat 



tor mastery of excellence, and a perfect v^aoie was ta« l 



with till within a few day>. The aolar 1 

 house kept very close, fM sufficient to raise the temper- 

 ature of the water to 85°, whilst the atmc here waa 

 about 10° higher. The temperature of the house and 

 water, however, was materially below the* points at 

 times, there being occasionally as great a difference as 

 15°. Notwithstanding these great variations, and the 

 low temperature at intervals, the plant flourished in the 

 highest degree, and on the 21st of August produced a 

 flower 15 J inches in diameter. Another flower suc- 

 ceeded it in a week, which was pronounced by the Com- 

 mittee of the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society to be 

 17 inches in diameter ; the petals being 7 inches, and 

 the disc or crown of the flower 3 inches. For the past 

 three weeks the plant has contributed two flowers 

 week, the ninth flower blooming this evioj T™ 



leaves have reached a diameter of 6 J feet. The salver 

 edge made its appearance with the 24th leaf, am every 

 sne >ssive leaf has been thus formed. Thi Mft leaf 

 attained at maturity a diameter of 5 feet 8J inches. It 

 was the 27th leaf that measured 6 feet 6 inch . Since 

 the plant has begun to bloom, the leaves are not so large ; 

 still thev have reached 6 feet 3 inches in diameter. 

 That we "have succeeded in producing larger leaves and 

 flowers than ^ou have in England, I ascribe to the 

 more favourable character of our climate. It is eer- 

 tainlv more natural to the plant that the temperature of 

 the air should be higher than that of the water. I hese 

 conditions, yon are aware, are reversed in England— an 

 effect produced by artificial h*t, which is of ' 



1 ' I have in ir.v kitchen 



e 



