48 



1851.] 



THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE 



PERUVIAN GUANO. 



CAUTION TO AGRICULTURISTS. 

 Ic being notorious that extensive adulterations of this 



\f iSUKE a 1 *© 8til1 carried on, 



ANTONY GIBBS AND SONS. AS THE 

 ONLY IMPORTERS OP PERUVIAN GUANO, 

 Consider it to be their duty to the Peruvian Government and 

 to the Public again to recommend Farmers and all others who 

 bay to be carefully on their guard. 



the character of the parties from whom they purchase will 

 of course be the best security, and in addition to particular 

 attention to that point, ANTONY GIBBS and SONS think it 

 we ll to remind buyers that— 



2%e lowest wholesale price at which sound Peruvian 

 Oaano has been sold by them during the last two years is 

 97. 5s. per ton, less 2 J per cent. 



Any resales made by dealers at a lower price must therefore 

 either leave a loss to them, or the article must be adulterated. 



MANURES. — The following Manures are manu- 

 factured at Mr. Lawes'b Factory, Deptford Creek : 

 Turnip Manure, per ton £7 



Superphosphate of Lime 7 



Suiphuric Acid and Coprolites 5 



Office, 69, King Wiiliam.street, City, Loudon. 

 N.B. Peruvian Guano, guaranteed to contain 16 per cent, of 

 Amnion' a. 91. 10s. per ton; and for 5 tons or more, 91. 5s. per 

 ton, in dock. Sulphate of ammonia, «fec. 



rpHE LONDON MANURE COMPANY beg to 



X offer PERUVIAN GUANO, warranted perfectly genuine ; 

 Superphosphate of Lime, Wheat Manure, Concentrated Urate, 

 Irish Peat Charcoal, Gypsum, Nitrate of Soda, and every arti- 

 ficial Manure, on the best terms. Also a constant supply of 

 Salt for Agricultural Purposes, at a low rate. English and 

 Foreign Linaeed Cake, Rape Cake, <fcc. 



Edward Purser, Secretary, Bridge-street, BlackfriarB. 



7<;i 





 

 



FARMERS AND GARDENERS are invited to try 

 theNEW and VALUABLE MANURE PEAT CHARCOAL 

 impregnated by pressure with the fertilising matter of the 

 London Sewage, the Ammonia, Phosphates, and Faeces beini: 

 absorbed, and the water left bright and palatable. Sold at the 

 Charcoal and Sewage Works, Stanley Bridge, Fulham, Middle- 

 sex, at 60s. per ten, 4$. per cwt., and 2s. Gd. per half cwt. 



FOSSIL BONES AND PSEUDO-COPROLITES 



(FROM THE SUFFOLK CRAG). 



EDWARD PACKARD and CO., of Ipswich, having 

 erected very powerful Machinery for the purpose of reduc- 

 ing these Phosphatic Nodules to a fine Powder, and bein£ in 

 the immediate locality of where they are found, are no^v pre- 

 pared to supply them on the most economical terms, in any 

 quantity, either Ground, Whole, or Dissolved in Acid* They 

 form the cheapest source of Phosphate of Lime in the market, 

 and are peculiarly eligible for manufacturing Superphosphate 

 of Lime in conjunction with Bone, 



Prices and every information connected with their use for- 

 warded on application to Edward Packard and Co., Artificial 

 Manure Manufacturers, Ipswich, Suifolk. 



EOYAL SOCIETY for the PROxMOTION and 

 IMPROVEMENT of the GROWTH of FLAX in IRE- 

 LAND.— The ANNUAL MEETING of the Society will take 

 place on Friday, the 22th inst., at 12 o'clock, in the Society's 

 Rooms, Commercial Buildings, Belfast, to receive the Annual 

 Report of the Committee, to elect Office-bearers for the ensuing 

 year, and to transact such other business as may be brought 

 forward. By order, James Mac Adam, Secretary. 



Belfast, Nov. 29, 1851. 



QTEPHENSON and Co., 61, Graeechurch-street, 



*J London, and 17, New Park-street, Southwark, Inventors 

 And Manufacturers of the Improved CONICAL and DOUBLE 

 CYLINDRICAL BOILERS, respectfully solicit the attention of 

 scientific Horticulturists to their much Improved merhod of 

 applying the Tank System to Pineries, Propagating Houses, 

 dec, by which atmospheric heat as well as bottom heat is 

 secured to any required degree, without the aid of pipes or flues. 

 S. and Co. have also to state that at the request or numerous 

 friends they are now making their Boilers of Iron, as well as 

 Copper, by which the cost is reduced. These Boilers, which 

 are now so well known, scarcely require description ; but to 

 those who have not seen them in operation, prospectuses will 

 be forwarded, as well as references of the highest authority ; or 

 they may be seen at most of the Nobility's seats and principal 

 Nurseries throughout the Kingdom. 



& and Co. beg to inform the Trade that at their Manufactory, 

 17, New Park-srreet, every article required for the construction 

 Df Horticultural Buildings, as well as for heating them, may 

 fee obtained upon the most advantageous terms. 



Conservatories, <fcc, of Iron or Wood, erected on the most 

 ornamental designs. Balconies, Palisading, Field and Garden 

 fences, Wire-work, <fcc. 



- 



TO HORTICULTURAL & FLORICULTURE SOCIETIES, 



DENJAMIN EDGINGTON, Manufacturer to the 



-*-* Horticultural Society, Chiswick, s<ca the Royal Botanic 

 Society, Regent's Park, solicits at>mtion to his stock of 

 Marquees and Tents of every variety, and suitable for all 

 climates. Rick Cloths, with R*fes, «fcc, complete. Marquees 

 J"*d Tcnta on hire. Netti^r and Bunting for Fruit Trees. 

 Orders, per post, duly aU^naed to. 



Address Benjamin^gington, 2, Duke«street, Southwark. — 

 A. Warehouse, 'iOJ^iccadilly. 



H __ILICrCFIEESE, AND BUTTER. 



FA iff BAKER, Optician, 90, Hatton Garden, 

 ^^Condon, advises any one who keeps Cows to send two 

 pMagt atamps, and obtain adescription of bis LACTOMETER, 

 nth its uses, and the results of eMperiments with it upon dif- 

 ferent Milks. Lactometers, complete, in a mahogany box, 

 I0j. 6cf. ; Do., with cheaper fittings, 7$. Gd. and 5s.; Hydro- 

 meters for testing sulphuric acid, 55., 7s ., and 10*. No con. 

 'urner of acid should be without one, as it is often sold bighlv 

 stated. Saccharometers for Brewing, with tables, 5s., 7$ , and 

 f D s. Pediment Barometers, from 11. each. Whe«l Barome- 

 ters, from It. Is. each. Packed carefully for the country, there 

 " ft ing nothing to fear of them getting out of order, as they are 

 Warranted to be DroDerlv made and good instruments. 



DORTLAND CEMENT, as manufactured by J. B- 



;*- WHITE and SONS, possesses all the properties of the 

 "Qst Roman Cement, but has the advantage over that material 

 <« wholly resisting frost. When used a3 a stucco, it does not 

 ^etate or turn green in damp situations, and requires no 

 pouring, Employed as an hydraulic mortar for brickwork, 

 * car| *iesfour to five measures of sand to one of cement, and is 

 Proved by trial to become harder and stronger in these propor- 



ons than Roman Cement with but one measure of sand. 



ois superior connecting power, combined with its eminently 

 ^^Hc properties, point it out as the fittest material for 



uilding sea and embankment walls, the lining of reservoirs, 

 •JJJf rm » and baths, and for all those purposes where strength 



na a perfect resistance to water are required. 

 y«anufacturers-J. B. White and Sons, Millbank-street, 

 *b*I* i? stt r , ; ll > South Wharf-road, Paddington ; and Earl- 



r^UANO.— For SALE, by Private Contract, 1 



VJ tons Guam*, per Cleopatra, from Ea-Us* Rocks, South 

 S as, in lots to suit the convenience of purchasers -le 



and an ah sis to be seen at the Brokers. 



Ch A*. Sutheklawd and Co.. 24, Min eing-lan*. Lon don. 



ROYAL AGRICULTURAL BOOIBTT OF ENSLWD 



H^HE GENERAL M ETING will be held, at 'the 



J- Society's house, Hanover-square, on Satceday, the 13 h 

 December, 1851, at 11 o'clock, la the forenoon. 



By order of the Council, 



T m James Hudson, Secretary, 



London, Nov em^r?9 1851.' 



r PHE BIRMINGHAM CATTLE and POULTm 



A- SHOW.— The THIRD GREAT ANNUAL EXHIBITION 

 of FAT CATTLE and the various kinds of DOMESTIC 

 POULTRY, will le held in the BINGLEY EXHIBITION 

 HALL, BIRMINGHAM, on the 9th, 10th, 11th, and U h of 

 Decenber next. Admusi >n— To the PRIVATE VIEW, oa 

 Tuesday, December 9th, .'*. 6ci. ; on Wednesday, Thursday, 

 and Friday, Is. 



pATTLE SHOW, 1851.— THE PRIZE CATTLi 



Vy SHOW of the SMITHFIELD CLUB and Exhibit i .,f 



Implements, Seed*, Roots. &c, commences TUESDAY MORN- 



ING, and closeB FRIDAY EVENING, Dec. 9:h, 10th, 11th, 



and 12tb, BAZAAR, King-street, Portman-square. The space 



appropriated to the Show is nearly double that of former years, 



aud the arrangements are marked by the usual attention to 

 i_hc comfort of visitors. 



S~MIT1IFIELD SHOW. — NLWIMiluVS 

 PATENTED AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS will be 

 exhibited. Improvements have recently bun made in the 

 Top-dresser and Cultivator, and the prices reduced. Applica- 

 tions for Catalogues, die, to be made only to Mr. Gabbill, 

 Surrey Chambers, 24, Arundel-street, Strand. 



SMITHFIKLI) CAi rLE SHOW. 



WSK IRVING, Walton Nursery, Liverpool, be.. 

 • to acquaint his friends and the public, that he mil 

 attend at the ensuing Smithfield Cattle Show, to exhibit Roots 

 of his Improved Swede and other Turnips, and to take orders 

 for the seed of them and all other approved kinds o agri- 

 cultural seeds. W. S. will also exhibit specimens of the?e 

 three new and highly interesting har<!y trees, Araucarii 

 imbieata, Cedrus Deodara, and Cryptomeria japonic*, «i 

 which he holds an extensive stock, of various ages and sizes, 

 all grown from seed in the open ground and transplanted into 

 beds or pots in the Nursery. 



manager of extensive and populous estates :x lhe 

 Highlands and Islands of Im mem I gyle, and 

 lvos.s and as the superintendent of more than half of 

 the kelp manufacture which formerly flourished on 

 the w em coasts of the Highlands, and the horeg 

 of the Hebrides. If at any time they were idle/ 1 he 

 adds, " it v ecause they had not sufficient employ- 

 ment, being merely en tged in taking care of their 

 li le stock of sheep and cattle, and cultivating their 

 limited crops." This is the picture of th« condi- 

 lon, when settled on the let barren p ions of 

 their mountain homes, the green alluvial tracts 

 which margin the glens and valleys of the interior, 

 as the cultivators of small patches of land, their 

 social condition Intermediate between the hunter, 

 pastoral, and agricultural state. From these homes 

 they were dislodged by the high prices of the revolu- 

 tionary war, which gave a greater \alue to their hold 

 ings, as appendages to large ieep farms, than aa se 

 rate occupations, with theirim ient Iture, under a 



Some emanated to 



cereal 



the United States and Brit ii Am* ca, * hete they 



became, for the most part, "pur- parens landowners, 

 and were enabled to establish their iamilu ver 



numerous, in the same independent circumstances. 

 The greater portion flocked to the 



barren pro 



montories of the western c st, to follow a n \ed 

 agricultural, fishing, and manufacturing 1 — tl 

 manufacture being the prepaiation of kelp, from 

 the sea- weed, which rendered the most barren and 

 rocky coast m< valuable than the richest land. 



On those sterile and »ee~beat< n proi >ntoj a the 



necessar 





Oie Agricultural <Ba?cttt* 



SA TURD A F, NO V EMBER 29, 1851. 



MEETINGS FOK~THE TWO~FOLLOWINO WEEKS. 

 Wbdnksdai, Dec- 3— Agricultural Society of Knglnud. 

 Thursday, — 4 -Agricultural Imp. Sor. of Ireland. 

 Thuhsdat, — 11— Agricultural I up. 8oc. of Ireland. 



Farmbu' Club.— December 1: Botley. 



Some of our readers may remember seeing refer- 

 ence some weeks ago to a sample of Australian 

 Guano, received from a correspondent in Van 

 Diemen's Land. It was described as being a fibrous 

 half rotten mass of feathers and earthy matter, 

 profusely intermingled with brown-coloured crystals. 



We have been favoured by Mr. Way with the 

 following analysis of it, made at the request of the 

 Earl of Ducie, President of the lioyal Agricultural 

 Society of England, which we insert here for the 

 information of those who may be within reach of 

 the article. 



Moisture 



Animal matter and salts of ammonia 



Sand, <fec. 



Phosphates of lime and magnesia 



Sulphate of lime 



Sulphates and chlorides of potash and soda 



, e the staple food. There 



as in similar situations on the W. and W. of 



Ireland, ther is no alternative bet* ■ the Potato 



culture and nasturMe. While the keln tradt 



• • 9 



. - . 



• . . 



- - - 



Per Cent. 

 31.55 



19.74 



3 11 

 31.35 



3 45 



10.79 



100.00 



The small crystals dispersed through the guano 

 are ammonio-phosphate of magnesia. 



Nitrogen 



(Mean of two determinations.) 

 Equal to ammonia 5.56 



• »• 



4.58 



• • • 



Mr. Way states 



" The sample is of better qua- 

 lity than one that I before examined from the same 

 parts of the world. It is, however, considerably 

 inferior to the old Ichaboe variety ; and as that kind 

 was sold at 11. per ton, I do not think the present 

 sample is worth more than 41. 10s. or 5l. at the 



outside." 



The Irish are not the only people to whom 



emigration will afford relief from the pressure of 



population on their existing means of subsistence. 



There is another branch of the Celtic race who are 



in the same predicament, arising principally from 



the failure of the Potato. Like the peasantry of 



Ireland, they labour under the unfounded imputation 



of idleness. The idleness of both is the creature of 



unfavourable circumstances ; for, remove those cir- „ , „ „ _ 



cumstances, and place them in situations where plication of evils entailed upon them by the blight 



there is scope for their exertions, and no people can which has fallen upon thertr commerce and their 



work harder than the Celt of Ireland, or the Celt agriculture. They have struggled in silence, relying 



chiefly on their own resources, and receivn compa- 

 ratively little of that aid from the public treasury, 

 and from eleemosynary contributions which has been 

 lavished so profusely on the more clamorous Celt of 

 Ireland, not on the inhabitants of the sterile portions 

 alone, of those which, like the Western Highlands of 

 Scotland, can grow nothing but the Potato— but on 

 the population of its most fertile di ids. where the 

 Potato ought not to be the exclusive food of the 



" says Mr. Miller, in 



pasturage. 



flourished, and the Po :o yielded f« 1. the condition 

 of the highland population appeared to be improved 

 by their removal to the fishing villager of the 

 coast. But the kelp trade departed, leaving 1 nd 

 it all the evils attendant on a comme ial 

 revolution. It received its first check from 

 the lost of the monopoly of the home market, 

 by the removal of those impediments which 

 the war had thrown in the way of commercial 

 intercourse. Its death-blow was given by the 

 advance of science, and by improved chemical pro- 

 cesses, which superseded both home-made kelp and 

 foreign barilla, by the extraction of soda from com- 

 mon salt. This improvement has conferred incal- 

 culable advantages on the community, through the 

 manufactures of glass and soap, by the supply of 

 cheaj ia, which is one of its products, and through 

 the bleaching trade, bj the supply of cheap hlorine, 

 which is another. It has given also a great stimulus 

 to the manufacture of sulphuric acid, which is 

 necessary for the attainment of these results, and 

 by the reduction in the price of sulphuric acid, con- 

 sequent on improvements in the mode of \ nig it, 

 to which that stimulus gave birth ; it has indirectly 

 benefited the community through various other 

 manufactures ; but it has ruined one branch of the 

 industry of the Highlands : and the return of p- ce, 

 by removing impediments to the prosecution of the 

 herring fisheries by foreign nations, has injured the 

 other. 



The population to which th kelp trade and the 

 fisheries afforded the principal means of istence 

 was now thrown back on its agriculture ; and had 

 the Potato continued sound, the agriculture of the 

 Highlands might have benefited by the cessation of 

 demand for kelp, and for herrings for export ion. 

 Both might have been advantageously applied as 

 manure, upon soils whose natural sterility demands 

 -ome extraneous aid. But the cup of Highland suf- 

 fering has been filled to the brim, by the failure of 

 the only food which regions so bleak and barren 

 are capable of producing in sufficient quantities for 

 the wants of a population now rendered redundant. 

 Manfully have the people of the Atlantic coast of 



against " 



of Scotland. 



The indolence of the Irish sprung in a great 

 measure from the Potato, and the facility which it 

 afforded for obtaining a subsistence with little exer- 

 tion. It is to them "what a fine climate is to the 

 inhabitants of tropical and sub-tropical countries. 

 It is what Buckwheat is to the Breton peasant 

 " the symbol of agricultural misery, and the most 

 detestable culture ; and, with the Chestnut, the 

 triumph of improvidence and idleness." 



Of the Scottish Highlander, the author of " Flax : 

 its culture and preparation in Scotland, Ireland, 

 and Flanders" speaks in the highest terms as an 

 acute, moral, virtuous, and exemplary people, excel- 

 lent payers of rent, and possessing patience, activity. 



and perseverance. He speaks thus of 



industry*- and perseverance. 



them; he says, "from long experience as 



the 



people. " The same stroke, 

 the Witness newspaper, "which did little more than 

 slightly infringe on the comforts of the people of the 

 Lowlands, utterly prostrated those of the Highlands ; 

 and ever since, the sufferings of famine have become 

 chronic along the bleak shores and rugged islands of 

 at least the north-western portion of our country. 

 * * * It has dissipated the last remains ot 



