49 



185 



THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE 



PERUVIAN GUANO. 

 AUTION TO AGRICULTURISTS. 



* It beiiij? notorious that extensive adulterations of this 

 aTa\TRE are still carried on, 

 ^ -ANTONY GIBBS AND SONS, AS THE 



ONLY IMPORTERS OF PERUVIAN GUANO, 

 niider it to be their duty to the Peruvian Government and 

 ♦ the Public again to recommend Farmers and ail others who 

 tat to be carefully on their guard, 

 the character of the parties from whom they purchase will 

 . pmir *e be the best security, and in addition to particular 

 Attention to that point, ANTONY GIBBS and SONS think it 

 we ll to remind buyers that— # 



fhc lowest wholesale price at which sound Peruvian 

 Guano has been sold by them during tlie last two years is 

 91 5s. per ton, less 2} per cent. 



Any resale* made by dealers at a lower price must therefore 



either leave a loss to them, or the article mu«t be adulterated. 



T^lfrTTONDON MANURE COMPANY beg to 

 offer PERUVIAN GUANO, warranted perfectly genuine ; 

 Superphosphate of Lime, Wheat Manure, Concentrated Urate, 

 Irish Peat Charcoal, Gypsum, Nitrate of Soda, and every arti- 

 ficial Manure, on the best terms. Also a constant supply of 

 Salt for Agricultural Purposes, at a low raie. English and 

 orei*rn Linseed Cake, Rape Cake, dec. 

 Edwabd Purser, Secretary, Bridge-street, Blackfriars. 



ANURES. — The following Manures are manu- 

 factured at Mr. Lawes's Factory, Deptford Creek : 



Turnip Manure, per ton ... £7 



Superphosphate of Lime 7 



Sulphuric Acid and Coprolites 5 



Office, 69, King Willi am- street, City, London. 



M 



C 1 NGLISH TIMBER cut to any length and scantling 



-Li at from U. id. to 3f. per foot "for Oak or Ash, U. and 

 unwards for Elm ; Oak Sash Sills from 2Jd. per foot ; Foreign 

 Timber, Dantzic, at 55*. per load ; Yellow Deals from SJ. per 

 foot ; Floor Boards, j in. and 1 in., yellow batten, at 12*. M. 

 and 15*. All other descriptions equally low,— Apply to Mr. 

 Mat, 90, Leadenhall-srreet, London. 



TO KOKTICULTUkAL & KLOKICULTURAL SOCIETIES 



OENJAMIN EDG1NGTON, Manufacturer to the 



*-* Horticultural Society, Chlswick, and the Royal Botanic 

 Society, Regent's Park, solicits attention to hu stock ot 

 Marquees and Tents of every variety, and suitable for all 

 climates. Rick Cloths, with Poles, «fcc, complete. Marquees 

 and Tents on hire. Netting and Bunting for Froit Trees. 

 Orders, per post, duly attended to. 



Address Benjamin Edging ton, 2, Duke-street, Southwark 

 A Warehouse, 208 , Piccadill y. 



S M 1 1 H F I BL I) CATTLE SHOW^ 



WSKIRVIXG, /Walton Nursery, Liverpool, begi 

 * to acquaint his friends and the public, that he will 

 attend ai the ensuing Smithtield Cattle Show, to exhibit Roots 

 of his Improved Swede and other Turnips, and to take orders 

 for the seed of them and all other approved kinds of agri- 

 cultural seeds. W. S. will also exhibit specimens of these 

 three new and highly interesting hardy trees, Araucaria 

 imbricata, Cedrus Deodara, and Cryptomeria japonioa, of 

 which he holds an extensive stock, of various ages and sixes, 

 all grown from seed in the open ground and transplanted into 

 beds or pots i n the N ursery. 



CATTLE SHOW, 1861*— THE PRIZE CATTLE 

 SHOW of the SMITIIFIELD CLUB and Exhibition of 

 Implements, Seeds, Hoots. &c. commences TUBS DAY MORN- 



Office, 69, King William-street, City, London. }S?£ ««i "L.a. Sni v «vpvi va iw oth i^iT iiVk 



N.B. Peruvian Guano, guaranteed to' contain 16 per cent, of 1?^ " d i?I^ ^ "^ 



more impracticable and usivt than th<- quicksani 

 he ' Two-inch Pipe 1 at last laid the water-course at 

 a depth where every drop that goes must fare iU 

 treasure b hind it, in the soil or subsoil, and depart 

 With clean hands, drawing after it into tributary 

 action every concealed and capillary channel, crevice, 

 crack or cleavage that existed under that hardened 

 kneaded cake which lay next beneath the soil, 

 hroughout the sections of earth that now hung 

 tapped and undermined betwixt drain and drain. 

 Down went the i water-table ' like a loosed-ou pond 

 or tank : crack went the under-soil, forsaken by its 

 pent-up winter-damp, and left for the first time to 

 he inevitable and awakening influences of ascending 

 and descending moisture. Gravitation in the winter, 

 capillary attraction in he summer, now commenced 

 their alternate and enlivening action, and the field 

 began to brkathr : for, what is breathing bu 

 inhalation and exhalation Y and when the pipe was 

 thus added to the bellows, who could forbid the 

 alternatingsction of Mature's lunmi that must <-nsue. 

 with Rain and Frost at one end of the Tear and 



Ammonia, 9Z. 105. per ton ; and for 5 tons or more, 91. 5s. per 

 ton, in doc k. Sulphate of ammonia, <fec. 



FARMERS AND GARDENERS are invited to try 



i; theNEW and VALUABLE MANURE PEAT CHARCOAL 

 impregnated by pressure "with the fertilising matter of the 

 Lowdon Sewage, the Ammonia, Phosphates, and Faeces belnp 

 absorbed, and the water left bright and palatable. Sold at the 

 Charcoal and Sewage Works, Stanley Bridge, Fulham, Middle- 

 sex, at 60s. per ten, 4s. per cwt., and 2s, 6cf. per half cwt. 



FOSSIL BONES AND PSEUDO-COPROLITES 



(FROM THE SUFFOLK CRAG). 



EDWARD PACKARD and CO., of Ipswich, having 

 erected very powerful Machinery for the purpose of reduc- 

 ing these Phosphatic Nodules to a fine Powder, and being in 

 the immediate locality of where they are found, are now pre- 

 pared to supply them on the moat economical terms, in any 

 quantity, either Ground, Whole, or Dissolved in Acid. They 

 form the cheapest source of Phosphate of Lime in the market, 

 and are peculiarly eligible for manufacturing Superphosphate 

 Df Lime in conjunction with Bone. 



Prices and every information connected with their use for- 

 warded on application to Edward Packard and Co., Artificial 

 Manure Ma nufacturers, Ipswich, Suffolk. 



S - TEPHENSON and Co., 61, Gracechurch-street, 

 London, and 17, New Park-street, Southwark, Inventors 

 and Manufacturers of the Improved CONICAL and DOUBLE 

 CYLINDRICAL BOILERS, respectfully solicit the attention of 

 scientific Horticulturists to their much Improved method of 

 Applying the Tank System to Pineries, Propagating Houses, 

 &c, by which atmospheric heat as well as bottom heat is 

 secured to any required degree, without the aid of pipes or flues. 

 S. and Co. have also to state that at the request of numerous 

 friends they are now making their Boilers of Iron, as well as 

 Copper, by which the cost is reduced. TheBe Boilers, which 

 are now so well known, scarcely require description ; but to 

 those who have not seen them iu operation, prospectuses will 

 be forwarded, as well as references of the highest authority ; or 

 they may be seen at most of the Nobility's seats and principal 

 Nurseries throughout the Kingdom. 



S. and Co. beg to inform the Trade that at their Manufactory, 

 17, New Park-street, every article required for the construction 

 of Horticultural Buildings, as well as for beating them, may 

 be obtained upon the most advantageous terms. 

 • Conservatories, <bc, of Iron or Wood, erected on the most 

 •ornamental designs. Balconies, Palisading, Field and Garden 

 Fences, Wire-work, <fcc. _ 



OYAL AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, 



CIRENCESTER. 



Patron.— His Royal Highness Pbince Albebt. 



President of Council.— Earl Bathurst* 



Vice-President.— Earl Ducie. 

 Principal.— Rev. J. S. Haygarth, M.A. 



Pbofessois, Ac. 

 Chemistry.— J. A. C. Voelcker, Ph. D., F.C.S. 

 Geology, Zoology and Botany. — James Buckman, F.G.S., F.L.S. 

 Veterinary Medicine and Surgery.— G. T. Brown, M.R.C.V.S. 

 Surveying, Civil Engineering, & Mathematics.-W. Sowerby,C.E. 



Manager of Farm.— R. Valentine. 



Assistant to Chemical Professor.— A. Williams, M.R.C.S. 



THE NEXT SESSION will begin early in Feb- 



iuait. Students are admitted either as Boarders, or at Out- 

 Students. The annual fees for boarders vary from 45 to SO 

 guineas, according to age and other circumstances. The fee 

 tor out-students is 401. per annum. The College course of 

 lectures and practical instruction is complete in one twelve- 

 month—though for younger students a longer time is recom- 

 mended. There is a department for general as well as for 

 agricultural education. Prospectuses and information can be 

 had on application to the Principal. 



THE BIRMINGHAM CATTLE and POULTRY 



JL SHOW.— The THIRD GREAT ANNUAL EXHIBITION 

 of FAT CATTLE and the various kinds of DOMESTIC 

 POULTRY, will he held in the BINGLEY EXHIBITION 

 HALL, BIRMINGHAM, on the 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th of 

 December. Admission— To the Private View on TUESDAY 

 NEXT, December 9th, 25. €<i. ; on Wednesday, Thursday, and ' 

 Friday, Is. 



CATTLE SHOW. — A choice assortment of 

 MALVERN DOS CARTS Leicester, and Sporting Carti, 

 will be on view at Messrs. Thrcpp's during the Cattle Show ; 

 also a new Whitechapel Cart, and some very light one-horse 



Sporting Phaetons. 

 2€9, Oxford-street, near Baker-street, London. 



.-. CATTLE SHOW. 



COGAN'S GLASS CHURN. 

 CHURN is the cleanest, easiest, and the best ; its arrange- 

 ment is simple, its appearance elegant, and in all respects 

 superior to every other. Dairymen and others supplied with 

 'Mass Milk Pans, Glass Cream Pots, Glass Milk Pails, 

 Syphons, Lactometers, and every other kind of Dairy Glass; 

 Hartley's Rough Plate and every kind of Hothouse and Horti- 

 cultural Glaf.s. Besides the GLASS PEN so attractive at the 

 Exhibition, Messrs. Cooan and Co. have produced several new 

 articles in Glass for useful and ornamental purposes. Cata- 

 logues can be had in the Implement Gallery, at Baker-S'reet 

 Bazaar, during the Show of Prize Cattle ; and at their Gla»e 

 Warehouse, 48, Leicester-square, London. Visitors to London 

 <wing the Holidays are invited to Fee this establishment; 

 bkewise tbtir stal s in the Langham Bazaar. Regent-street ; 



and 12th, BAZAAR, King-street, Portman-square. The space 

 appropriated to the Show is nearly double thatot former years, 

 and the arrangements are marked by the usual attention to 

 the comfort of visitors^ 



ROYAL AGRICULTURAL soClttl'Y Ur *.M<*laMu. 



npHE GENERAL MEETING will be held, at the 



JL Society 'ft house, Hanover-square, on Satcedat, the 18th 

 December, 1851, at 11 o'clock, in ihe forenoon. 



By order of the Council, 



James Hudsow, Secretary. 

 London, December 6, 1851. 



JBie agricultural ©alette. 



SATURDA Y, DE CEMBER 6, 1851. 



MEETINGS FOB THE TWO FOLLOWING WEEKS. 



_ . r» - o) Sraithfleld Club. 



Tobsdat, Dec. »{ Birmingham Cattle Show. 



Wbdiisdat, — 10-Africaltural Societrof Eniland. 

 Thvmbdat, — 11 — Agricultural Imp. Soc. of Ireland. 

 Wbdnbidat, — 17— Agricultural Society of England. 



Heat and Sunshine at the other, to put the valves 

 in motion ? 



But Man, hard-minded conventionalist, still clings 

 to the old rule, though the principle it swept away 



that gave it force or reason. 4 Subsoil 1 is still * sub- 

 soil' with him, and ' the nasty stuff Ms still * the 

 nasty stuff.' If the battle of the draining-tile is 

 nearly over, the battle of the subsoil is yet to begin. 

 Perhaps of all the prejudices that now infect the 

 clay soil agriculture of this country, the prejudice 



the most inveterate and 



farm, 

 of success, 



has 



is 



common. 



against the subsoil 



The occupier of an undraiaid 

 experienced in his own conn ions 

 confesses to it, and heads the charge: ho 

 seen some (undrainc <1) field where the subsc 



was 



exposed, or he has storked away some hedgerow 

 where the hard bare 'till* was left (with no soil 



bore 



TUUMDAI, 



13-Affriculturallmp.Soc.of Ireland. 



Amongst the various obligations which the Clay- 

 soil farmer is under to the Draining-tile, there is 

 none more important, none perhaps less appreciated 

 than the new relation in which it places him with 

 regard to the subsoil. Before the modern system 

 of drainage was much known or practised, shallow 

 cultivation was the general rule, certainly the general 

 practice, upon the clays. To bring up fresh soil, or 

 plough below c the staple,' as it was called, was re- 

 garded as little less than a qualification for Bedlam. 

 There were few neighbourhoods in which a quotable 

 instance did not exist of some rash man, and some 

 unhappy field, whose respective characters had suf- 

 fered permanent deterioration by too bold a launch 

 of the share-point into the unknown strata that lay 

 beneath the ordinary ' pan,' that had been trodden 

 rubbed and polished by hard iron, probably since the 

 days when the wooden implement of the Saxon fol- 

 lowed, with comparative harmlessness, the cloven 



hoofs of the Ox-team. 



Nor was the wide-spread opinion and still wider 



underneath it) and he tells you that they 

 nothing for several years— so he for one has no faith 

 in the subsoil ! In vain you point out to him that 

 the ground you drained and double-dug last year 

 for 'the new plantation,' is throwing up fat 

 roystering weeds and thi>> es, that would hide a 

 flock of sheep ; he is not fond of weeds and thistles, 

 and rejects the unsavoury illustration ; he has 

 never double-din: any ground himself — would think 

 it madness to bring up ' that nasty stuff' to the top, 

 1 burying the good soil' in that dreadful way ; he 

 has never tried it, so he is sure it would not do, 

 [the old argument against the deep drain come to 

 life again !] — and he never means to try it, for the 



same good reason. 

 So thought Jkthro ToUL who tells his followers 



never to plough below 'the staple;' and well he 

 might say so, on his Berkshire clay, nearly a century 

 before the drain-tile had been heard of. And the 

 consequence was that his Wheat was mildewed 

 year after year, and his pystem, though pregnant 

 with after-truth, miscarried. He never could get 

 quit of this besetting enemy, the mildew ; perhaps 

 had every other impediment and vexation been 

 practice which prevailed, as to the shallow plough- j overcome, or spared him (and people can hardly 

 in* of clays, without defensible grounds. To prepare i conceive in these days the martyrdom which the 

 a seed-bed upon a field of undrained clay without i spirit of improvement brought upon him m those), 

 running the chance of being thrown out for the | he would only have been driven to a more serious 



by some unlucky dash of wet, it I conflict with this intractable but meant**/ foe. 

 was necessary to be pretty cautious to preserve a It is at this point that the plan adopted for the last 

 hicrh ridce and an open furrow, and above all to six years with such success by Mr. Smith, and 



8 -*--■- - ■ - noticed on a recent occasion, parts company with 



Tull altogether, and begins an independent and 



The field having been 



whole winter, 



keep the thin layer of cultivated soil lying upon its 

 hard foundation, in that self-drying form and con- 

 dition not inaptly represented by the round-backed 

 convexity of a Macadamised road. 



To attempt to open any dealings or even acquaint- 

 ance with the subsoil, under such circumstances, 

 was simply quixotic. There it remained compacted 

 in its hard bed in a state of permanent and annually 

 increasing induration and barrenness, if indeed its 

 qualities in this respect had any capability of addition 

 left— penetrated by no shower, exposed to no frost, 



admitting nothing and transmitting nothing, a verit- 

 able mortuttm caput if ever any portion of creation a 



No wonder, if on some acci- " 



entirely original 



ploughed and prepared for Wheat m the ordinary 

 way (for we will suppose the experiment at its 

 commencement) the grain is sown in triple drill- 

 lines a foot apart, with intervals three feet wide, 

 —just as though a three-row drill gauged to a foot 

 wide between the seeders had passed up and down 

 the field, missing an interval of three feet at each 

 ■ return: thus sowing two feet (the width occupied, 

 it will be remembered, by three rows a foot apart) 



The sowing is done early; 



deserved the name. 



dental or audacious upturning, the c 



ty stuff' took 





This PATENT 



years to civilise into decent or profitable texture. 

 It had been ill-used for centuries, and it resented it 

 for years: that was all: the debt of evil, accumu- 

 lated through a score of generations, lay upon it : 

 woe to the man who woke up the long account upon 

 his year-to-vear-held soil, and the impervious un- 

 drained ■ pan ' that lay below,— for it to thaw upon J 

 at leisure. It was 'safer to hide from such a 

 formidable creditor, or to keep him hidden from 

 the daylight, and men's eyes : and hidden he was, 

 accordingly, like a public enemy. 



The Draining-tile came at last. Two, three, 



four feet deep into the furrow went the spade, the 



shovel, and the pickaxe ; and slowly fighting its way 



- ----- « to the lower depths, through ignorance and pre- 



*ud at the Eluogerford Hall, Strand, where competent persons ™. Ine .. ' ^ P "C ,l« Wm than the rock, 



**t engaged to explain and gire information. judice stitter than the clay, harder man tne rocK, 



and leaving three unsown _ 



if possible during the second week m September; 

 and as soon as the plant appears above ground, the 

 douhle diqoing of these three-foot intervals com- 

 mences. In point of fact they are to constitute 

 next year's fallow. 



And here we must take occasion to correct what 

 appears to us an unfortunate error of description 

 in the account given of his system by Mr Smith, m 

 the last number of the Royal Agricultural Journal. 

 New systems have generally enough to battle 

 aeainst, without the seif-hifliction of extra sources 

 of misunderstanding, by the use of erroneous or 

 ambiguous expression. " " heat year after vear 

 upon the same field is a phrase of startling 

 incidence upon the ear agricultural J ^ ^«~ 

 to the inner sense, when informed that one-half 





of the field is really fallow In fact it would be 

 quite as legitimate a description to call it Fallow 



