

THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE 



/ 



81 



uat 

 at if 



empty. The work was continued four hours, cutting in 

 all 9760 square yards, or a little over two statute 

 acres. As on former days, a great number of persons 

 were attending, binding up, &c, in fact, a quantity that 

 could have reaped more ground in the same time, and 

 immensely cleaner and better. Its great fault is delivering 

 the grain from the platform— on which it falls after 

 being cut ; this falls on the former cut ground in great 

 disorder, strewing it over with loose heads. A trial was 

 made to bind up some of the heaps into sheaves orderly, 

 straightening the grain tops and butts, as after reapers, 

 but this was found quite impracticable : a man could 

 have reaped and tied a sheaf much sooner and better 



Suopoa* both doors are shut and the stable hat become 

 *tf- *i t would do) immediately the small outside doors, 

 r other, are opened to the fresh-air tube, a diffused 

 ° ne nt will move off the vapours from the whole area of the 

 ctlI Tr up tn e close tube above, and when they are all dispelled 

 § u the pure atmospheric air will gradually and imperceptibly 

 ?ffuse itself through the stable. In this position the fresh air 

 Sis not pass over the horse in a current, as it would do, if 

 wlUnffht from the back of the stable ; and as the pure air m l 



d will reach his nostrils, if admitted at all, it is clear tha 

 *" tg tn ere at firet, it will be of most service. Bat it can only 



ter by the perforations, and no current will be perceptible 

 JJhile the ventilation is going on. Finally, then, in confirma- 

 !Joo of this system, I have, since 1845, had the repeated assu- 

 rances of those who bring horses to the race meetings here, 

 hat the Stand Stables are cured of foulness and undue heat, 

 Tr is capable of being adapted to all cases, and at the Grand 

 Stand Stables the openings in the walls are directly in front of 

 the horie, but protected outside with a grating, and inside 

 ■rich a slot, to open and shut at pleasure. The tubes are all of 

 vood lite sd many boxes, the full width of the stall, but only 

 the ride n ext tDe wali ( a § P ace being left), and the bottom of the 



box or tube, is perforated. If the current be violent when the . alter tne grain Had been bound up. An average square only to be known to be extenaivelv annliod 

 -lAt is ODefl, the wind blows against the back of the tube, and ' „j wtktf ° ntkc .„„ A i *u~ i i j u . a •. . ^ - auowu to ue exit nsive i> applied. 



reflected back through the perforations in the ether two 1 ^ waS measured, the loose heads collected upon it, 

 Sdes, avoiding all draft upon the horse. The same mode of j tlie gram and straw separated and weighed. Of grain 

 nrovision is made in the model, with the air admitted in a there was three-quarters of an ounce, bein<r at the rate 



than he could have settled the heaps as they left the 

 machine. A very important experiment was made in 



horses, harness, walls, and door wero Teiy wet, at all 

 time* the floor was black with damp— ■©*, the smell it 



. scarcely perceptible, and all are quite drv In another 

 stable that had holes in the roof and walls, the hor*e 

 next the window was so inconvenienced for wan: of 

 fresh air that ho pushed his head through the glass Uiat 

 some might be admitted ; since one of my ventilators 

 was put in, the holes have been closed, c # verv thing is 

 dry, and the small is pleasant I feel thus induced to 



I give publicity to my experience, because there is a great 

 outcry throughout the United Kingdom about the inju- 

 rious effects of ill or no ventilation, and a knowledge of 

 efficient means for remedying the evil is so limited. 1 



different position from the Stand stables. — The Chairman, Sir 

 jl, W. Ridley, Bart., said, " The paper just read contained, no ' 

 doubt, many correct and valuable remarks. At the same time, 

 however desirable it might be to have a stable well ventilated, i 

 111 the manner described by Mr. Green, much of the mischief 

 which arose from the neglect of a system of perfect ventilation 

 might be avoided, if the farmer would onJy see the litter removed 

 every morning, and the stable thoroughly cleansed — a pre- 

 caution which was too apt to be neglected. The presence of so 

 much ammonia was most hurtful. A gentleman told him that 

 be once had a groom who attached great importance to keeping 

 the stable exceedingly hot ; and he not only excluded the outer 

 air, but kept in the foul litter, laying down layer upon layer 

 of straw. So great an amount of ammonia was, therefore, 

 generated that the lungs of the horses were affected, and 

 they died in consequence ; and, in the end, the groom himself 

 died from an infection of the lungs. Every person must 

 be aware, who went into a foul stable, how powerful were the 

 fames of ammonia, making the eyes smart. A veterinary 

 «urgeon, consulted by a friend of his, whose horses had got a 

 •* hacking cough," recommended him to give them Grass. The 

 coutfb, however, remained. Another application was therefore 

 made for advice ; but, this time, his friend saw the other 



am not the diseoverer of tin principle, but 1 believe 



..-,». - -. - . . , first who has applied it. The invention is not patented, 



the held by some gentlemen, to ascertain the loss sus- j I have allowed it to become public property it is the 

 tamed by loose heads, gleanings, &c, left on the ground opinion of those who have used the ^ t ntilator that it has 

 after the gram had been bound up. An average square only to be known to be extensively applied. If those 



who suffer from bad ventilation and want a remedy, or 

 if workers of zinc feel disposed to introduce Md puth 

 the ventilator in their localities, I * ill feel it a f*>urc< 

 gratification to be called upon to furnish them by le- r 

 with full explanations as to its construction, with ach.ee 

 as to its applicability to special buildings, and to inform 

 them of the necessary apparatus to test the ventilator 

 and convince the most sceptical. The larger the building 

 the more suitable the ventilator; v«-t rooms about \4 

 feet square hare derived equal ad van tages." Bedford 

 Mercury, August 20. 



of 226J lbs. per acre 

 ditto 



partner of the firm. u Oh," said he, when the facts were stated, 

 "it's* Gr^ss cough \ n " Why," was the reply, your partner 

 recommended Grass as a cure ; and now you say it is a Grass 

 oou^h! Which doctor am I to follow ?" The matter ended in 



following neither, but in giving the horses more air— which had 

 the desired effect; and the rircues of pure air having been dis- 

 covered, the stable was permanently ventilated by means 

 of admitting the fresh air and carrying off the foul. •— Mr. 

 G. H, Ramsay 6aid, it must be very gratifying to the mem- 

 bers of the club, that the architect of one of the largest 

 proprietor* ia the country, (the Duke of Northumberland,) 

 should have come forward to read a paper on the important 

 subject of stable ventilation, and assisted them in preserving : 

 the health and prolonging the lives of their horse?. They 

 were deeply indebted to Mr. Green for the valuable facts 

 which he had laid before them ; but in one respect, perhaps, 

 his plans were open to question. He proposed to build his stables 

 with lofts ; and the hay, so kept, would be deteriorated 

 as food, lie (Mr. R.) doubted very much if th re should 

 be any racks at all — whether it was not better to feed horses 

 with cut hay, Clover, and chaff— giving them, occasionally 

 cruahed food—lofts and racks being thus needless. 



of straw, l£ oz., or 378 lbs. per 

 a quantity the value of which would have reaped, 

 bound, and carried it to the stack-yard. After wit- 

 nessing these trials, the facts are incontrovertible, that 

 this implement is not, at present, calculated to meet 

 circumstances. AH circumstances must suit it ; the 

 ground must be perfectly level, without ridgt or furrow ; 

 the grain must be a moderately light crop, and all 

 standing. Even taking these matters into consideration, 

 the crop can be much cheaper and better reaped by the 

 scythe or sickle. On this head there were not two 

 opinions in the field that day, nor have I heard any 

 other since ; the implement was acknowledged on all 

 hands to be a decided failure. I am not prepared to 

 say that it may not be much improved ; in this country 

 I should think it will. But there are serious difficulties 

 in the way, in making a machine to do the work cor- 

 rectly and cheaply, in various localities, under different 

 circumstances, and with different crops. My own im- 

 pression is, it will be a long time ere it can come in 

 competition with the scythe or the sharping sickle. On 

 this head I may mention, that a very important experi- 

 ment was made in this neighbourhood a few days ago, 

 by the members of the Penrith Agricultural Society, to 

 test the merits of the scythe and sickle in reaping 

 r grain. An English mower and an Irish reaper con- 

 tested for a prize, and our countryman won easily. From 

 this we may infer that there are still hopes for Ireland. 

 Thomas Shilling, Lowtfier Castle, Sept. 22, 1851 ; in the 



Dublin Gazette. 



On the Duke of Hamilton's 



METEOROLOGICAL KEPORT.-NoTimia-DiciMita. 



(Continued from j>. 76*.) 

 t t t 



Date. | Time. 



t 



27 



7.50 a.m. 



11.30 p.m. 



8 

 U 



m. 

 p.m. 



Max. 



- 



'29 M 







29! ;.5o a.m 



San. 80 



G j-.n. 



29.98 



Mln. 



29.72 



■ • • 



29.88 



■ 



80.03 



Dec. 1 



8 



a.m. 



• • » 



5.30 p.m. 



10 p.m. 



8 a.m. 





• 



30.00 



-. . 



30.06 



• • • 



30.00 

 80.03 



- • 



30.11 



Wind and Weather. 



N. Gentle, bright. 

 Sunny day 5 white 



barometer rialng ataadilv. 

 N. Gentle, hard. 



White frost, heavy bank *n 



aaatern horizon ; bright 



and tunny ; barometer 



ruing ateadily. 



a u , calm. cl#ar and ft 

 F.M., eaeterly. Eveni 

 KNE. Gentle, 



Bright beautiful warm day ; 

 barometer ateady. 



11 a.m. 30.15 



• • • 



Miscellaneous. 



Draining in Lancashire. 

 estates, drains from 60 to 70 miles ,in length have been 

 of late annually completed, with pipe tiles, from 3 to 5 

 feet, and on a great number of the drains where the 

 6ubsoii is clay, turves have been placed over the tiles. 

 The width at the bottom is governed by the size of the 

 tile, which ought exactly to correspond, and fit firmly 

 and truly. The cost of labour in draining on these 

 estates is" as follows : 33 inches deep is 6d. per rod of 

 seven yards ; 36* inches, l{d, ; 42 inches, 9\d.\ 4 feet, 

 11 £rf. ; and 5 feet, Is. 6d., exclusive of carting the turf 

 and tiles. Turves of the above description are used 



2 



10.30 p.m. 

 3.40 a.m. 



10.30 p.m. 



3015 



• . . 



• • • 



30.16 



30.18 



- - - 





Night, dtaaely overcast. 

 *SB. Gentle; overcast 



rainy. 

 Cold, comfortleti, dull day. 

 Night bright. 



N. Gnule; bright; bfcri 



froat. 

 Itright day ; barometer 



steady from noon. 

 Night froaty. 

 N. Almoat calm ; fine ati: 



day, thawing ; baromett 



ataady. 



Night, barometer rlten. 



Tiie American Reaping- Machine at the Exhibition of 

 tltc Bast Cumberland Agricultural Society, at Carlisle. — 

 1 stall briefly detail what I saw. The field had a mo- 

 derate declivity ; the crop, Wheat, an average of the 

 neighbourhood, what we would consider light, but all 



standing up ; the ground unfavourable, being in narrow ] alone without tiles in many parts of the country where 

 ridges, with moderately deep furrows ; the plot selected the clay is firm, and answer well ; having been dried, 

 was nearly square, a portion on each side, with the end j and consequently, reduced in size, they swell from 

 ridges, having been reaped and cleared off ; the machine j moisture, after being trodden into the drain, and are 

 conimenced at one side, and reaped full round, was exceedingly secure, so much so, that after being in the 

 drawn by two strong horses, which were on their mettle ! drain a short time, they are not removed without 



and distressed ; up the hill, in the centre of the ridge, 

 it cut well ; across the hill and ridges badly, and down 

 the hill far worse ; in fact, in the latter case, it dragged 

 off the heads leaving a great portion of the straw cut at 



and as a gentleman, a looker-on, 



difficulty. These turves are much preferred to the 

 Grass sod dug from the surface, having been taken up 

 after 50 years, and found perfect : their cost is 2*. 6d. 

 to 3s. per thousand. It is very desirable to place a tile 

 or two at the outlet of these turf drains, which not 



razor.' 9 

 women 



at various lengths , .~ - D , , _ 



observed, * It was like a man half-shaved with a bad only admits of more ready inspection, but preserves it 



'i reckoned 22 persons attending it, men and from being trodden in by cattle. The cost of cutting 



s a U appeared to be very busy collecting and and finishing this turf drain is, according to depth, say 



buidintr'up the grain in bundles, not sheaves, the heads for 30 inches, from 3d. to Ad. ; for 8 feet, 5d. to 6d. 

 and roots being somewhat equal ; this is its greatest ! per 7 yards. The advantages of pipe tiles consist not 

 fault, delivering the grain after being cut, strewing the i only in economy of construction, but in efficiency of 

 heads all over the ground ; the persons attending could purpose. The water, by being confined to a narrow 

 have cut the grain, at least as quickly, immensely better, space, clears out any sediment that would collect in a 

 and without one-fourth the loss. After it had cut onco wider drain. Within a moderate distance of manu- 



round the field, it was obvious to the most casual ob- 

 server, that it was from home 



factories, a very cheap drain is sometimes made with 



thrown in promiscuously : 



decided failure ; all present agreed in this, 

 day, the 20th, we had another fair trial, under other 

 circumstances, and in another part of the country. The 

 Earl of Lonsdale, for his own information, and that of 



out of its element — a waste cinders or " clinkers, 



On the next ! they are used principally in pasture or meadow land, the 



drain being cut 2 feet deep, and filled to the sod. Notes 

 on Lancashire Arjriculture. 



New Mode of Ventilating Public Buildings, Stables, 

 ike. — Mr. Charles Watson has addressed a letter on this 





X Continuation of the prerioua afonn, which h*<\ come tern 

 the weatwarri, and croised England (or potaiHp Scotland,, to the 

 eaatward. By laying * atorm-card on a map of the British 

 Ialea, it will appear that an the centre of thia atorm laj to tha 

 northward, the wind in the rear quadranta of thia cicl<»re f 

 coming from a colder latitude, cauaed a anccetaion of white 

 froata. I aey posbibly Sco&antl, aa thia muat have been a cyclone 

 of considerable area, and the centre of it muat have lain a long 

 way off to the northward. 



The month of November has been unusually bright 

 and fine, and white frosts have prevailed during it to an 

 extent not commonly experienced. I believe I have 

 already stated that fogs and black frosts tire generally 

 consequent on a storm passing over the south of 

 England to the German Ocean, eastward, and coming 

 from the south ; whereas, white frosts appear to be 

 caused by storms passing over Scotland to tbe north- 

 ward. It will, perhaps, be a matter of interest to some 

 of my readers to observe how far this hypothesis is 

 susceptible of proof. 



* " Three white froata, and then rain," ia a common faying 

 in aome parte of England : the continuation of whit* froate haa 

 been explained above (*) ; and the rain, which, after a white 

 froat ia alrooat alwaya accompanied by a fail of the barome'er 

 ia the condenaation of the dampneaa of the front quadranta of 

 an approaching; cyclone, travelling from the equator toward* 

 the l'olef, i.e., from a warmer to a colder latitude. The preaent 

 •-torm came from the aoutbward, paaaing over France and tbe 

 German Ocean ; il thia hypotheaia be correct, tbe d*preeaion of 

 the barometer should have been greater in London on the 80th, 



than in Dorchester. 



Dorcheater, Dec. 4. F. P. B. If. 



( To be continued) . 



his tenants and neighbours, hired, and had it brought 



down to Westmoreland, where it appeared before a large 



party of the nobility, gentry, farmers, &c.,on the farm of . _ ... 



Mr. Beanstead, near Lowther, and commenced work about | ventilated school-room, and as my health wasinjun- 



11 o'clock. This field was laid out favourably, in broad, 



subject to the Halifax Guardian, in which he says :■ 

 " About six years ago I was appointed to a large ill- 



well-formed ridges, with very shallow furrows, and was 

 much more favourable in that respect than the one at 

 Carlisle, except being rather hilly, steep, and a much 

 better crop, which, I could easily perceive, was against 

 it. It cuts moderately light grain better than heavy ; 

 here it was a good, standing crop, such as a reaper 

 *ouli choose for a first-rate day's work ; it was drawn j 

 by two very strong horses, but it would have required 

 four, They were much distressed, and during the four 

 hours it worked, were twice changed. As on the 

 former day, jt cut cleanly'up the hill, but very badly 

 across the ridges, particularly at the foot, where the 

 K*aiu was strong ; and they did not attempt to cut down 

 the hlope at all ; it would have been abortive. After 

 two rounds of bad wor.k, they gave up cutting across also, 



*ud cou.fi ued the operation to cutting up hill, going down 



ously affected I devised a mode of ventilation that has 

 proved effective — withdrawing the vitiated and supplying 

 any quantity of pure air without perceptible sensation 

 to persons in the room, and they are not exposed to 

 currents of air. Every crevice in the room that admits 

 air may be closed without affecting the operation of the 

 ventilator. The apparatus is made of zinc and iron, is 

 simple, self-acting, and durable, and regulates the supply 

 of air according to the season of the year and the 

 number of persons in a room. It has been also suc- 

 cessfully applied to other schools and to public buildings, 

 rivate dwellings, stables, large weaving sheds, an in- 

 rmary, an editor's study, and a chapel that seats above 

 1000 persons. In one of the stables were nightly lodged 

 nine horses, and generally four of them suffered from 

 disease, now they enjoy good health ; on opening the 

 door in tbe morning the stench was intolerable, and the 



Notices to Correspondent*. 



Bittie Yeabt : Anon. Tbe bittemeat of yemat may be rem<m I 

 by atraining it throagh bran, or by dipping a re«l-hot char- 

 coal in it. But the moat effectual and eaaily.arailabie 

 remedy ia, to put the yeaat in a large pan and c»ver it with 

 frefh tpring water, changing it every three or four hour*. 

 This lastia ihe plan we ad.pt, and it never faila. Tbe brrn 

 aeema to impair the strength, and the coal sometimei ataii a 

 it, but tbe water purifies it both in colour and taate ; thus 

 maintaining ita character as the beat beauiiner aa well as 



purifier. 6?. S. 



Booxa: A Subscriber. Information in detail on the very dp. 

 ferent subjecte named ia only to be obtained in our Agricul- 

 tural Cyclopedias— and we rtcommend Blackle'i, in coarse of 

 publication. 



Cattle Inaumancx Comfawiis: LC F. next week. 



CtfTajBrTiopa to the Gazette: Subscriber* Both of yore 



hare been received— with thanks. 



CEEAMCBEEii: Friday. It is made by adding the cream at 

 one meal's milk to the milk immediately taken from the 

 cow. This, after being mads and preaaed gently two et 

 three times, and carefully turned for a day or two, is fit 



for use. 

 DxAimwG Matexials : y. A well burned lj-inch pipe is as goodi 



and economical a material »• nny. 

 Faelt Spriug Food : Anon- If you cannot sow till March, 



you muat no- till April ; when, if white Mustard be sown, it 



will Rtre >oua crop early in June. 

 FiDDer: M We do not know in what work you can fee a Hst 



of the various plants that hare been tried as green and dty 



food for cattle, with the vutious results. Fullarton/s M Cyclo- 



p»r 



