THE GARDENERS 5 CHRONICLE. 



It is the be*t practice to sow on sods laid Grass down- 

 Sa^ recommended in this Paper, or. else in small 

 Dots placed in a frame, as a more regular crop is therei.j 

 Lured. Sow about the beginning of January. When 

 no 1 or 2 inches, plant a row on the west side ol tne 

 fi£»t ridge half-way down, the next on the fourth ridge 

 which will be 6 feet between the rows J so proceed till 

 all is finished. If sown where they are to remain, sow 

 about half-way down the ridges, allowing the same 

 distances. In the beginning of March fork down the 

 rid-es, which will earth the Peas ; then strew some 

 soot along the rows (which I consider one of the best 

 manures that can be applied to Peas), and stick them. 

 Plant one row of Lettuces up the centres ; about the 

 beginning of Jane draw two drills, at 3 .feet apart, and 

 plant a row of Cauliflowers in each drill, at 30 inches 

 apart. As soon as the Peas are all gathered clear away 

 the sticks, and fork the ground, earthing up the Cauli- 

 flower. Beans should be grown adjoining the above. 

 The best practice is to sow thickly in a frame, or else 

 close under a wall, and to cover with a handglass ; or in 

 lieu of that, arch the bed over, and cover at night with 

 a mat and straw. Sow about the middle of December. 

 When up 2 or 3 inches, fork down the ridges ; then 

 draw two drills, at 1 foot apart, plant one row in each 

 drill, at 3 inches apart ; plant with a dibber, retaining 

 the Bean to the roots, if possible ; go 3 feet, then plant 

 two rows more in the same way (measuring from inner 

 row to inner row), and so proceed till all is finished. 

 Plant a row of Lettuces, at 2 feet apart, up each middle. 

 In June, plant Cauliflowers between the Lettuces, pro- 

 vided they are not off. When the Beans are all 

 gathered, clear away the stalks, and fork the ground, 

 earthing up the Cauliflowers ; then plant a row of 

 Lettuces between. The Cauliflowers for the above 

 plantation should be sown about the middle of April. 



/. Steel, CUtheroe* 



Sieging Bm.s. — Allow me to add my little anec- 

 dote to Mr. Kidd's testimony of singing hens, and 

 somewhat, too, in contradistinction to the old saw, 

 * A singing lien," &c. I may say I have met with 

 a very yvort))y "dame who sang often and loud. In 

 the year 1843 J had a favourite cock canary, and, pos- 



I 



the Society announced as received since the last meeting, 

 were various publications from the Royal Society, the 

 American Association for the Advancement of Science, 

 the Smithsonian Institute of America, the Lyceum of 



institutions have maintained 1 





Potion* 



Natural History of New York, the Boston Natural j at these gatherings, from which success t 

 History Society, Messrs. Guerin Meneville and j and it is to the results derivable from th 

 MtumiU fro and a large box of beautiful British t on which the whole science bin™* . .... 



sessing a good breeding cage, I thought I would get 

 him a mate, and obtained a green hen, which from 

 the habit of singing, after her fashion, was gladly 

 disposed of as being good for nothing. However, having 

 a predilection to oppose or rather fathom old notions, ! of the tributary streams of the Amazon River. 



Macquart, &c, and a large box of beautiful British 

 Lepidoptera from Mr. H. Doubleday. A new part 

 of the Transactions was announced as ready for delivery. 

 Mr. S. Stevens exhibited a specimen of Argynnis 

 Lathonia, taken near Hastings,by Mr.Cooke,of Brighton ; 

 also specimens of Diphthera Orion, and Adela cuprella 

 (two very rare moths), the latter taken on Sallows, in 

 April. Mr. A. White read a note from Mr. George, 

 of Kensington, relative to the supposed luminosity of the 

 well known Staphylinus, commonly called the devil's 

 coach-horse (Goeriusolens.) Having observed a number 

 of moveable shining points in a lane near Kensington, at 

 night, Mr. George swept up the whole into a hand- 

 kerchief, which, on being examined, was found to 

 contain a specimen of the insect in question. Mr. 

 Stephens suggested that the Goerius, when captured, 

 was in the act of devouring a Scolopendra electrica, 

 the writhing motions of which would present the 

 appearance noticed. Mr. F. Smith also said, that on 

 one occasion he had observed the allied Staphylinus 

 maxillosus, luminous from having devoured decaying 

 crabs which emitted light during their decomposition. 

 Mr. Curtis stated that the ordinary food of Goerius 

 olens was earwigs, and that it was consequently a friend 

 to the gardener, and Mr. Westwood stated that he had 

 seen it attack a common worm three times its own 



Mr. A. White also exhibited several species of 

 spiders and Tipulidse from the arctic regions, brought 

 home by Messrs. Ede and Ommaney ; several Bpecies 

 of spiders had been confounded under the name of 

 Lycosa saccata, including one of those exhibited, which 

 he proposed to call L. Baffini. He also noticed the 

 powers which the eggs of the Tipulidse must possess of 

 repelling the frost in the arctic regions, where they 

 must lay so long in the frozen ground previous to 

 hatching in the short summer ; and Mr. Curtis stated 

 that Capt. Ross had repeatedly frozen caterpillars, and 

 that they as often revived again on being thawed. A 

 letter was read from Mr. Bates, giving some account of 

 his travels in Brazil, and stating his intention of re- 

 maining there several years longer and of ascending one 



A 



truth, universal prosperity seems paraX2*' ^ * 

 Flora reigns. Exhibitions are the kev^ n T ?^*** 

 greatness; it is to the practical demenSti"? ** 

 at these gatherings, from which m*»J ^\ ** 



ese 



ment emanates 



science hinges; m**r i!?"** 

 from exhibitions ^ *^ Im P"* 



colour novelty, habit and general disS 3ffe 

 turn shares the critical observations of the eon- * 

 miparisons are instituted year bv vp«. *!• -^"^j 

 •e rife for the future, hints abound foJ^^ '^ 



owe |> 



eappenj 

 m ore popalat 



TV 



; whereas Plutus, a new variety fi(mw* k! 

 his it is that searching enan^!l\J? m b , Qt 



length. 



letter was also read from Mr. Newman of Stroud, on 

 the habits of the species of the genus Bombus, in reply 

 to Mr. Smith. An abstract of Mr. Le Conte's memoir 



I thought I would give her the same chance as I should 



have done a mute and higher priced bird. I accordingly 



put them up the beginning of February ; and, not to 



be too tedious, I had the pleasure by the end of the 



season of an increase of 25 young ; the produce of 



five nests, without an addled or uufecundated egg, or 



the least casualty after hatching. By this time (end of exhibited in the Great Exhibition of the Industry of all 



August) I did not wish for more ; however she built j Nations during the past summer. 



again and laid four eggs, which I did not allow 



com pan 



are rife ior wm iuture, Hints abound for sundry " "^"^ 



ments where weakness is apnarent-in truth ""^ 



energies are strengthened in the cause we'ln!^ 



advocate What will not the Chrysanthemum * 



the exhibitions we nave just recorded * 



a simple statistical enumeration of the 



varieties, a duty vve owe our readers, but in this much 



caution is needed ; for instance, Golden Clust *2 



Yellow is shown to have been produced in no ]«TC 



42 blooms " ™i^™»»° pi.,*»« « . . u u _° ie ss waa 



thrice ; in this u ia mm searenrog enquiry must be m*U 

 reliable information alone used, otberwiseinjurvmav arise 

 to anew sort, not in general cultivation ; old sorts whi* 

 make no way had better be at once discarded • they are 

 either deficient in quality, op they sre inconstant : and 

 however fine a variety may be when caught, * there is 

 nothing like constancy" in the constitatiWof a flower 

 for exhibition. On the other hand, if the ma»ic word 

 new be given, argument should run, «0n *W variety 

 is it an improvement V These and sundry other teste 

 prove, however, of little real value, unless applied by 

 comparison at public exhibitions. The following is a 

 classified statistical list compiled from our reports of the 

 three Chrysanthemum Exhibitions at pages 759 and 

 775 :— 



Times 



shown* Namei Cla*s. 



46 

 42 

 35 

 83 



32 

 30 

 29 

 24 



18 

 15 

 15 

 13 



13 



Defiance 

 Golden Clustered 



Quetn of England 



Pilot 



Annie Salter 



The Duke 



B' auty 



Vesta 

 King 

 Phidias 

 Fortnofcum 



GoHa'h 

 The Warden 



Dup'.m de i\Eure 

 iffsiai 



w 



12 



Y 



11 



L 



10 



D 



10 



Y 



10 



L 



10 



L 



9 



W 



8 



L 



7 



L 



6 



L 



6 



w 



G 



D 



5 



D 



5 



D 



5 



W, white. 



L, Hjrbt 



Times 



shown. K&sae. Clan. 



Sydenham D 



Campestroni D 



Madame Ohauviere L 

 Christine L 



Madame Poggi B 

 Cloth of Gold Y 



Madame Camerson D 

 Nonpareil L 



Pio Nono D 



Minerva L 



Orlando D 



Princess Marie L 

 Temple of Splpiroa Y 

 Quern of Yellows Y 

 Hecuba P 



Y, yellow. D, dark. 



on the Pselaphidse of North America was read by 

 Mr. Douglas, and Mr. Westwood read the commence- 

 ment of a report upon the insects and insect products 



or 



eggs, wuicn l <na not 

 her to incubate, and took the male away, thinking 

 that would prevent her laying more, and therefore any 

 casualties to such a matron by exhaustion. In that I 

 was mistaken, as, although I took nest-box, &c, away, 

 she laid two more eggs in the bottom of the cage, makiii 

 in^ all 31 eggs in one season, and bringing the first 

 25 birds up. I remarked they generally left the nest 

 at from 8 to 10 days old, and fed themselves at 12 or 

 13. One of the first nests I have still in my possession, 

 eight years old next March. She was full of her song 

 during the breeding, but not when sitting, and so tame 

 that she allowed me to be very inquisitive as to her 

 progress. I attribute a great part of the success to 



Royal Horticultural of Ireland, Nov. 26. — The 

 Duke of Leiivster, President, in the chair. At this, the 

 annual general meeting, the secretary read a report 

 from the Council, from which we extract the following : 

 * Your Council have the satisfaction of informing your 

 Society that scarcely in any previous year lias there 

 been more encouraging and gratifying results, as it 

 relates to its general working, than has been presented 

 in its several operations throughout the season. The 

 several exhibitions that have taken place have re- 

 dounded much to the credit of your exhibitors, and 

 speak not less for the spirit of the employer than they 

 have done for the perseverance and skill* of the culti- 

 vator. ^ As to attendance (notwithstanding the all- 

 absorbing attraction arising from the great London Ex- 

 hibition), your several shows have, on the whole, been 

 well and liberally patronised, as will appear by reference 

 to the balance-sheet. With respect to expenditure, 

 besides the current expenses of the year now closing, a 

 considerable amount of arrears, chiefly arising from 

 Instance the Wrfli r>f th* '*JZ^ a iFY u ~ZSTVT the 8 eneral depression that has unfortunately recently 



the ISit : 10 ^thldtoJZ 1 ^ Wa e n 5 V e A ^ ttached ' m ° re or less > to almost every interest in Great 



w4 a °^ ^^^^J^ **W* *** especially in Ireland, your Council are 



Here we have 30 sorts, which have been shown ia tk 

 aggregate no less than 520 times, including pot plants ; 

 the classes have been represented thus: Class 1, 

 white, 3 varieties, shown 90 times; 2, light, 11 ditto, 

 shown 201 times ; 3, yellow, 5 ditto, shown 05 times; 

 4, dark, 1 1 ditto, shown 134 times. Total, 30 sorte 



shown 520 times. 



In addition to the above we find that about 40 sor* 

 have been produced, varying from one to four tun* 

 each ; but we think enough has been given m the lore- 

 going whereon to form an estimate of the relative viuw 

 of the sorts shown. J. E. 



NEWCiSTLE-EFON.UNK Chhmahtiuww *""£& 



p £ __ r,.^ . . ... ,o _ .. awaim-u fO SIT. ^OCK?iCJ 



good management. Walter Stone, Commercial Academy, 

 He •-•» 



arnmersmHh. 

 Glass Walk. 



-In reading your account of the pro- 

 posed glass walls, I am inclined to think that it would 

 be a more useful, as well as on the whole a cheaper 

 xnode, to dispose the sashes on a slope, instead of perpen- 

 dicularly thus A : like the ridge of a house. Take for 



for Mnriame Ohauviere. Queen of isngi— ■•-. <s,, „„ pmm. 



R <*e et B! i. Anoie Salter, T. mple of Solomon, Qw™;*"* 



The 1-t prize lor 18 pot* whs iniM oMr. *«**j»» 



V ueen of Ei.gl«n.l. Ei«»e d« Tenatfj 



Lucidum,GeiicraiMarc«ii f aurprUr,C..lP-t<»e»k nt >"'V\ e s ,lg 

 Fleurde Mhhm, J. nny, Madame Poggi, &c U w V>*\ 1 < 

 Mr. De.n«,witta annfeSalwr, NonpareH. temple of Sri «MJ, 

 Queen. Uue«o of the fiipries, Mineira, Solar, Luciaum, * 

 qui*. li.urde Marie, Mi.ierva, and Gipsj ^, l ' i \^ m , 



tocKl,y, « th Qucep of England, ^rquU Patalim, ^ ^ 



" me Te'e/ofl. Jan. ; 3d, » 



Ueanj, with QaMP f 



vaj ad, to Mr- St " ck ^ 



with fctoi'e de Versatile*, Madame Chauviere, aud Qa"^ 



#* w ** *r 



Queen. Jenny, Henrietta, Mad 



La .Md* d'Or, Fleur de Marie, ana h»*™ " l "-»" "n.W tf 



Mr Holme*. Thm poti j l*t, to Mr. »f°*; *f S» 9 



dQuceaof BsglaB^; 3d, 

 w ^ r< ^ v , _ Mr. Dean?, m\t 

 the G palp*, Anni* Sal'er,'and Minerva; %&*%> 



a glass coping over. If you compare this with 

 walls set on the slant, so as to meet in a ridge, and to 

 extend 3 feet on each side, there is hardly any differ- 

 ence in the glass required from that in the upright walls ; 

 and consider the convenience of having such a place to 

 Shw Way - hal ! llard y P la ^ ® the winter, or early 

 SKS^nfei ***•**» T - On examining 



^ *SanSw ^ ^ WallS » 1 C ° uld See at °»™ 



eir application would not end in the growing of 



th 



that 



fruit trees alone. 



and 40 feet ion 



An erection of the Bort mad 



9* 



e wider, 



^ T Heated with hot water nines wmiM 



wou d'h^!' ^ t0U !' f^Vrt Pits could do. Noting 



S!™ * I V?i J" y . than t0 she,ve [t for Po^ 5 and as I 

 m£\ ^ Honieult ^l Society is about to te.t the 



Els 1 - f mV f nh ? n '. 1 *™t that the patentees wHl 

 take to* hnu, and n^e it ad apted for forc f ng ^ ^.^ 



instead of by yearly tenancy* IT T™ ,?f lieW hy lease ' 

 &st to try &^£<g&S^ M T^V^ 

 Wd iron, as I stat ed in your £2!' G ^u 



^ and bya effect wunde/s, not o TZ 2 SS^u^\ 



Wor d. but it »,;ii 1 i ! 1 ', >v tlie "Ottieultura 



othe r ; ur ll W i b ?^ e, ^ em ^>^for a t!l ousand 



Like gutta 

 I benefits, at 



I have just mentioned. 



^ Pwposes not at present thought of 

 percha, there will be no" end to its aSsam 



least to aU nortl 



iern Europe. James CatkiU, Cambevweit 



v -Qt\ttit&. 



f'STOMOLOSrCAt, 



*.»-8, President, in the chair. Amongst tlw'do^atia 



Dee. 1. 



J. O. Westwood, Esq., 



nsto 



"™»"^ L " "s weuit, to De g'n active and energetic 

 operations for the approacliing year. In no correspond- 

 ing period have the subscriptions to its funds been more 

 regularly and punctually paid. The arrears of sub- 

 scriptions for the present year do not in all exceed 12/." 

 The High Sheriff, Alderman Kinahan, moved the 

 adoption of the Report, and Dr. Plant seconded the 

 motion, which passed unanimously. Mr. Niven then 

 read the rules of the Society, to which a new one wa 

 added, that practical gardeners should be admitted 

 members on payment of a subscription. A resolution 

 appointing the Council and officers for the eneuinff year 

 was next passed. DnU In A dvocate, Dec 3. i 



F LORICULfuR E . 



Chrysanthemum Exhibitions. — With these haa 

 closed the floral year of 1851. It is not our inten- 

 tion here to review the entire doings throughout this 

 particularly lengthy season— one, we may sav of 

 unexampled prosperity ; for Floriculture lias not' only 

 tully maintained its position, but evidence lias been 

 ^iven of a vigorous determination to march with 

 the onward movement. The Great Exhibition of 

 all Nations had, no doubt, its influence in making the 

 now almost past year one to be ever held memorable • 

 oncukure has been no laggard, and although we may 

 not boast our Exhibition of all Nations, we maypromlly 

 refer to our exhibitions of all flowers ; gor-oK Eavs 



have been made in localities hither* 5 antl-fllraff 3d 



Kiiplfttiri ; 3d, to Mr. HoJnies. 



to Mr. Deans, with Annie Salttr 



with g oil© de Versailles. Best light : Mr. . De *£ S ' Po ggi. 

 Ucidum. B*at dark : Mr. Deans, wub »*™ m Be8t a 



with Annie Salter. 



cut blooms: 1st, to Mr. Stocksley, with La^ ^^ 



ius the 9'h, Fieur de Marie, Maquis, ri . ^ ueen 

 Chauviere, Kirn? of the Crimson*, W l£m<m, AnDie 

 of Knji and, Madame Pog-i, Temple ot ViLr de Jlari«r, 

 <jltf r, General Marcearj, Lucidum, Marque 



Best jellow : Mr. Deans, 



HualoA 



Fleur 



- I 



and L^ Reine d'Ur, &c. ; 2d, to Mr. ^^^"jitii*. Mar. 



Salomon, Tius the 9th, 

 quia, Queen, Minerva, 



Annie Salter. P'^^fTngUnd, 

 Queen of Olprfe*. ^f ^iatows^ 



Lucidum, Elvira, Jenny, Ktoile de V^^ au ' a 6oiar, * c « 

 Nonpa.eil, Madame Po^gi, Fl««r de »* rie> Mf , StocUsUy. 



l.t, to Mr. Dean*; 2*. "JL&i* Anm ? 



r. Stephenson, wnh^W, and 

 - • Nancy ^ t0Di 



B«at 18 cut blooms 



Be*t 12 cut bh'oms : 1st, to M 



alter, Pnncesp Royal, Madame Fogtth ,. __, , v _ 



Temph- of Solomon, &c. ; 2d, W cut Woom*, , w ^^ Bie $tf# 



with "Nancy de Sermet, Princess ^ ttr L a ^ S ° I i ^. W°*» 



Kigolette, Lucidum, Gluck, Queen of $ l I 



La-iy 



™- *%$* 



LaUourd, Etoile Palaise, and FJeurde Mane. *, me j|i 

 in pots: m, to Mr. Stucksley, "itb Circe, J»aa 

 and d'Or. 



life 



ted tfei« 



week, fot 



Books. Our notices of periodical* are |ou 



want of spsce. J. ML 

 Scarlet GEaaNioMs next week. J- E- _ p^Jg.,B& ■ 

 Misc.: J Eand Co., Dublin. Attended to. S. «• 



smith. Immediately. J. E. 



Miscellaneous. 



4 



ail 



Ornamental Trees of Panama.— The mo . ^ima, 



the ornamental plants is the Couroupit*" ^ s 



Seem., combining a most delicious trag vilh - 



vplcndid flower. In the Morro, a forest near ^^d 



f Hio Jest.s, are four of these trees, wuicn » • JB the 



by tl»e inhabitants as the only ones t»m _ ^ lt b0 »gt ; 



lariy termed Palos de Paraiso («> *•> m their 



Granadillos, deriving the former name ir» 



beauty 



