THE GARDENERS 



CHRONICLE. 



810 



^eaTwaterer's 



4UBRICAM PLANTS, GONIFE&S, HOSE*, <fc c ., for 

 U *uio* Autumn, is ju*t published, and may be had on 

 ** ration enclosing two postage stamps, tv> Mr. Hosea 

 ^S?». fcn *«n jTiU Su*gerv, Woking, Suwy. 



xXNDlSJtf and NOBLE'S detailed Advertisement 



will appear in this Paper on the first Saturday in every 



,T 7h to wnich they invite the attention of all interested iu 



«*RDT ORSAlKNTAL PLANTS. Their Descriptive Cata- 



e with the Treatise on the "Cultivation of American 



vEntB " can still be had, by enclosing sii stamps for postage. 



fentlemen requiring the services of a Landscape Gardener, 



a procure such by applying to the Adrertistrs. 



BagsBOt, Surrey, Dec. 27. __ 



B^" EST LANCASHIRE GOOSEBERRIES, named, 

 at 155. per 100. 

 Alto APPLES, PEARS, CURRANTS, RHUBARB, <bo., 

 . «11 the best varieties, and at equally moderate prices. 

 Carefully packed, to carry any distance, or for exportation. 

 H .Biglaud and Co., Manchester. 



Descriptive Catalogue of i bodies emit heat of greater intensity than * e same 



body, its temperature rises, till the quantity which 

 it receives exactly balances its expenditure, 

 which point it again becomes sta onary : and if 

 the power^ of radiation be exerted under circum- 

 stances which prevent a return, the temperature of 

 the body declines." 



" Any portion of the surface of the globe which is 



receive! more radiant 



house, fiO uioj 

 of it to receive 





w 



tt 



ere requ: 

 mob roof dei 



l \ht 



I 



G~~EORGE BAKER'S DESCRIPTIVE CAT A- 

 L09UE OP AMERICAN PLANTS, CONIFRR.E, 

 ROSB3, ORNAMENTAL SHRUBS, FRUIT AND FOREST 

 TREES, <fcc., may be had on application, by encJosing two 

 postage stam ps.— Windlesham Nursery, Bagshot , Surrey. 



nTTiTCHELL'S MATCHLESS WINTER 



jSx. PARSLEY.— J. M. having saved a much larger quantity 

 of Seed this seanon than last, can offer it to the public at a 

 much reduced price. Wholesale, to seedsmen, Is. Bd. per lb. ; 

 Any quantity under 10 lbs. will be charged 25. per lb. Can be 

 jent to any part of the World, on receipt of a Post-office order, 

 made payable to John Mitchell, Ponder's-end, Enfield, 



Mid'Uesex. 



S~UPERB NAMED AND MIXED ASSORT- 

 MENTS OP ANEVJONES, RANUNCULI, GLADIOLI, 

 TULIPS, IRIS, CROCUS, LIL1UM, IMPORTED DUTCH 

 HYACINTHS, <fec, with a large Collection of other Roots. — 

 For BAS^ and BROWN'S Priced Advertisement of the above, 

 see Gardeyxers* Chronicle of Nov. 8th and 22d, or Catalogues 

 tent free on application. 

 Seed and Horticultural Establishment, Sudbury, Suffolk. 



' RHUBARB. " 



IRSSSWSft ALBERT 1 *;,W' 



* * m — m. - ~ 



luiiy iurnea towards me Bun receivee more radiant 

 heat than it projects, and hecomes heated ; but when, 

 by the revolution of the axis, this portion is turned 

 from the source of heat, the radiation into space 

 still continues, and being uncompensated, the tem- 

 perature declines." 



" But this unequal effect will only be perceived 

 when the atmosphere ii unclouded, and a fr« 

 passage is open into space ; for even a light mist 

 will arrest the radiant matter in its course, and 

 return as much to the radiating body m it tmit*. 

 The intervention of more substantial obstacles will 



balance 



of temperature will not be disturbed in any subetance 



vt 



_ — — „, ■ — , — ,w» fining t Ht dat 



mm H ii only birr ad then U* m mm ■ m wm 



be afforded. Nor is he plan appliaaUe at all to 

 houi* of any cousidaraUe dha^iSoM. J t ' ufcat 

 still returns for some ingenious peraen to show how 

 glass houses may be covered every night ek^mfv and 

 without trotM^ by a HTsabk reef. And 

 add with perfect confidence, that tins is a want van 

 muchgreater than any other horticultural t 

 now remaining, except ventilation We 

 to build, and glafe, and warm, mm! w« h**t l# to 

 learn as to mere cultiva: n ; but of Mm right way to 

 prevent nocturnal radiation, and hov. to nature 

 )«tuai ventilation, we are 



may 



on 



we were a cent ury fig 



▼ nearly as 



rlvF.uv one must have observed tfce little white 

 downv lines running across the inner surface of the 

 arpels of Apples. We are not, he 

 that any notice ox them has ever 



• • • 



HYATT'S VICTORIA ... 

 William Mitchell, Enfield Highway, Middlesex. 



AMERICAN APPLE TREES. 



J GREGORY has for sale about 1000 Choice 

 • APPLE TREES, imported from America in the autumn 

 Of 1350, including the following : — Northern Spy, Spitzenburgh, 

 Jersey Blue, Rhode Inland Greening, &c> 9 all grafted on Seed- 

 ling Stocks of three years' growth, and are in a thriving con- 

 dition, having advanced from 2 to 4 feet since planted in this 

 country. Price 12s. per doz. 



Post-office orders made payable to Jeremiah Gregory, 

 Yardly Gobion, near Stoney gtratford, Bucks. 



MANNINGTON'S PEARMAIN. 



JAMES CAMERON, Nurseryman and Florist, 

 returns his best thanks to his friends and the public in 

 general for their liberal support, and begs to say he has now 

 for sale a sufficient quantity of the above valuable APPLE, 

 and is thus enabled to offer them at so reduced a price as to 

 ensure their extensive cultivation. It is a middle sized variety, 

 and different from any in cultivation, and remarkable for fits 

 rich sugary and aromatic flavour. It is in if s height of" flavour 

 from January till the end of May, and a very good bearer. 

 Strong maiden plants 2*. lid. each. Remittances from unknown 

 correspondents previous to the trees being sent, by PosUomce 

 orders, made payable to James Cameron, Nurseryman, Uck- 



field, Sussex. »*•.'«■ j 



J. C. has also an extensive stock of Spruce, Laroh, Fir, and 



Forest Trees of all descriptions ; Fruit Trees, Evergreens, and 

 Roses of firs t-rate quality. 



which is not placed in the clear aspect of the sky. 



A portion oi a grass-piat unaer tne proiecuon oi a 

 tree or hedge, will generally be found, on a clear 

 night, to be eight or ten degrees warmer than sur- 

 rounding unsheltered parU, and it is well known to 

 gardeners that less dew and frost are to be found in 

 such situations than in thoae which are wholly 

 exposed." 



"Anything which obstructs the free aspect of the 

 sky arrests in proportion the progress of this refrige- 

 ration, and the slightest covering of cloth or matting 

 annihilates it altogether." 



nor had we oursel 



r, a 



ten }'- sbe<L 



any n ion <rf th*ir bmm ul 

 structure tiH our attention -vtu called i ihem I 

 Mr. ! *onby Lyoks. A question, however *rtMt 

 to their reel nature. Ex 



r a 



■ ■ - ■ — — 



Elxt Qxtozusxtt' Cfc? omiclt* 



SATURDAY, DECEMBER 27, 1851. 



MEETINGS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. 



Wm>*bS0at, Dec. 31 -Microscopical.... 



THnnaiJAT, Jan, 1 -Zoological 



S'bidai, — 2— Botanical • 



8 

 3 r 



8 



Our correspondents think us right in the inter- 

 pretation we ventured to give last week of the 

 Burning of Vine Leaves in winter ; they only com- 

 plain of the antidote not having been offered at the 

 same time. But is it not obvious ? If Vine leaves 

 are burnt by excessive condensation of water on the 

 glass of a greenhouse, and if that condensation zs 

 caused by a very low external temperature, it seems 

 evident that the practical mode of counteracting the 

 evil is to prevent the external temperature from be- 

 coming dangerously low, or rather to prevent any 

 excessive difference between the temperature inside 

 and outside of the house. This, of course may be 

 done by lowering the internal heat, as well as by 



raising the external. , 



The ingenious philosopher who first pointed out 

 the probability of plants being scorched in hot- 

 houses by the action of external cold upon a glass 

 roof (for we claim no part in the discovery), has 

 some excellent remarks upon the principle on which 

 the evil is to be met. " Lower your temperature," 

 he says, M or cover your houses at night with mats 

 or canvas." The philosophy of this very important 

 subject is still so generally forgotten or misunder- 

 stood, that we cannot do better than submit a few of 

 the more strikii passages in Professor Daniell s 



memoir which elucidate it. 



* The power of emitting heat in straight lines in 

 every direction, independently of contact, may be 



^, , J F -- A~ «H mnitar • Kilt 



r _ _ w .it gardeners the advantag 



of warding off the effects of frost from tender vege- 

 tables, by loose straw or other litter, but the system 

 of matting does not appear to be carried to that 

 extent which its simplicity and efficacy would sug- 

 gest. Neither does the manner of fixing the screen 

 exhibit a proper acqu; nance with 

 the principle upon which it is re- 

 sorted to ; it is generally bound 

 tight round the tree which it is re- 

 quired to protect, or nailed in close 

 contact with its foliage. Now it 

 should be borne in miiul, that the 

 radiation is only transferred from the 

 tree to the mat, and the cold of the 

 latter will be conducted to the 

 former in every point where it 

 touches. Contact should therefore 

 be prevented by hoops or other 

 means properly applied, and the 

 stratum oi air which is rnctoeed 

 will, by its low conducting power, 

 effectually secure the plant. 



From these details, the gr^at merit 

 of which is their clearness, it is quite 

 evident that the mode of preventing 

 an excessive difference between ex- 

 ternal and internal tempeiature,and 

 therefore the burning of leaves con- 

 sequent upon such difference, is to 

 cover Vineries at night loosely with 

 mats or some kind of sen n. And 

 we entertain no doubt whatever that 

 four-fifths of the injury sustained by 

 plants in glass houses would be 

 obviated if this precaution could 

 be taken. In fact, we have only 

 to look to the robust health 

 of Camellias and similar plants 

 crrown in cold pits covered in very bad weat 

 ?* „;„v,* w ;tK mats in order to assure oursel 



\*y fiieeiMe 



exactly >me par&t c mould .in<i a m i cr o sc op ic 



examina m heir compmoi threads is at first a 

 favour of this view ; b the history of their growth, 

 their very frequent \ reeenoe in eo poCttHl 

 tion, unaccompanied I the rftffhteel *TtHpt' , ni f 



decav, a peculiar feel when l«>m k d with toe point 



of a lancet on the field of the ! no* pi, th vaftt 



of fro >n, and tb tfani \ I the soft tissue 



be >nd the carpels i which tin y are imme- 

 diate conne< hen tested with hemieel agents, 



all \m .» rather a hvpert phy W im- 



posed by the An reot the 1 1 KubetaTtce of the car 



pub- 



ed under the name of Apfltfrlofom.and of which 



* Erinmm melaMomafi in a pood example, 

 close e xaoi i n at i on has con ft rme< \ \ wi as to this 



rent 



an k ha 



Hyptrtropfc* <rt CkiluUir 6dtocarpf liar Tim* *« A^W • 



the fact. 



i "* 



prodeeHin. The 



Many excellent gardeners constantly white elongated or sometimes radiatini 

 many exueii«uu g ^ t , ^ ^^ M n«irlpraWv elevated, are al wa 



ri, which 



adopt this practice, even. with their houses. 



heat with ruptures in the indurated walls of the carpels, 



mpensate for the j so^that ty}^*fiQ t !SS?iS^ rtfi^m 



and more tender cells. 



son 







ikf packed 



fatal mistake 





will assist in correcting that fatal- mistake. j *™" u . , Mij-Brwi ^tnak., *ome of which sw«U 



The objection to external covenng. are 1st, thou J^™ "JStt} t0 ^aMo spo^ Time 

 expense ; and, 2d the double attend^ them. If, ~^to S/SJlf Ht* »iJ nodnle. or 



ashion of the asperiti 

 hairs in Phsenogams of which th 



proper 



-differing in degree 



r<„ • i.: ixi. : 



in 



-«. B »« « C6lcc .- different kinds of matter. 

 Co-existing with it, in the lame degrees, may be 

 regarded the power of absorbing heat so emitted 

 from other bodies." 



"If a body be so situated that it may receive 

 just as much radiant heat as itself projects, its tem- 

 perature remains the same; "' iU ~ «"«<«««» 



expense of an external covering m the other it 

 would be found that the balance would torn to- 

 mistakeably in favour of the latter. The trouble of 



covering a house &J&«g*g -^ | HSteljj %*^ 



* J - • ' exactly thos« of the genus i«* 



forfcee - : many 

 Xc !e sting, 



as figured by Kutzwo, is an example. By ooj 

 of those curious analogies, vluch are so^requenj 



cies. 



light Tery pardonafcljr o« otwidewd 

 If a thin slice through the car -Is, 



if the surrounding j manded space. 



those 

 have mechanical ingenuity. Long »go, Sir Joseph 

 Paxton used moveable thatched roofs, runnm* in A 

 sort of groove or rail, capable of being pushed over 

 a house every night, and pushed off again at 



one end every morning; and this device ■ ten i ui«£ « <»- - ^^the soaer tissue an 

 nothing to be desired in P™,ple. Jhit ^ it ^de- ^ u ^ {^^ ^ rt «f pr~»dy th 



el which 



be firs 



with the seri and the ^ nt ™« ? 



steeped in iodine, and then mstilphmic acid the 



. . * i n •• Vip^ttji* of a dark 



