THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE 



tolntelli^eiice and from the small extent of his hold- 

 ^g is well adapted; but instruction was required, 

 !md Belgian farming is about as much known in Ireland 

 !« farming in the moon is known in England ; and 

 another very crreat deficiency exists in the want of 

 agricultural capital — it does not exist to the extent of 

 a pound an acre. I would not make a pull on the Trea- 

 sury to supply this capital, but it ; would be a politic 

 administration of the public funds ; but surely the 

 intelligence of the Legislature might be taxed to frame 

 law that would give security to borrowed capital so 

 emploved. And years ago, the want of agricultural 

 education ought to have been supplied by similar means 

 to those now adopted at the eleventh hour, and even by 

 wider ones, by parochial model farms of six or eight 

 acres each. But the Government had its theoretical 

 achemes, and the people theirs, and between the two 

 stools practical measures found the ground. «/. M. 

 Gwdiffj Granardy Nov. 8. 



Home Correspondence. 



Barley after Wheat. — I have never yet seen any 

 notice in your Paper of the exceedingly prejudicial effects 

 of growing Barley on land which is afterwards intended 

 for Wheat ; it may be that I am mistaken in my suppo- 

 sition ; but I think not. Some years ago I attempted 

 to grow Wheat on the same land, year after year, and 

 for six or seven years succeeded tolerably well ; but 

 after Jtliat time, partly owing to the arguments of the 

 thin seed school, and partly to an unfavourable winter, 

 there were bo few plants left in the spring, that it was 

 judged advisable to drill in Barley to make up the 

 crop ; this was done, and Barley and Wheat, taken 

 together, produced an excellent crop (48 bushels to the 

 acre) ; the field w$s again sowed with Wheat, which up 

 to the time of flowering looked exceedingly well and 

 gave promise of another abundant crop ; but after that 

 time three-fourths of 'the Wheat died at the root, without 

 ripening any grain, and the crop was a failure. This was 

 apuzzle to me, and was so discouraging that I gave up the 

 experiment ; but in reading the Agricultural Society's 

 Journal, some months afterwards, I found, in an essay 

 on the Agriculture of the East Riding of Yorkshire, 

 that the farmers of that district had, in a great measure, 

 given up the growth of Barley in consequence of the 

 after crops of Wheat going off by night ripening*, and 

 the explanation of this night ripening proved that it was 

 identical with what I had observed in my own field ; 

 if such effects are general, it becomes a question 

 whether it is desirable to grow Barley so frequently 

 at the expense of the after crop of Wheat ; and it 

 may be as well for Barley growers to ascertain this 

 generally, which I think may be easily done in the fol- 

 lowing manner : — Let two plots of land in the same 

 field, manured in the same manner, be sowed, one with 

 Wheat and the other with Barley, and when the crop is 

 reaped plough up the land and sow both plots again 

 with Wheat — if, as I suppose, that on which the Barley 

 grew the previous season, the Wheat perishes by night 

 ripening, whilst no such effect is observed where the 



Wheat Was trvtwvn tli « vp»t» hftfnrft. it Whil show 



before, it wHl 







was grown tne year 

 what an exhausting crop Barley is on Wheat land, 

 and it may make some farmers pause before they 

 determine to sow Barley, at least in every four 

 years' rotation. I found, in my Wheat growing ex- 

 periments, that soluble silicate of soda was a l vy 

 valuable manure, and I attributed the bad effects 

 of the Barley to its abstracting so much larger a por- 

 tion of this from the soil than was required by the 

 Wheat. Query — Am I right in this supposition? if 

 not, what is the cause of this ? or is such an effect 

 generally observed ? if it is, what is the remedy ? The 

 Clover sickness seems to puzzle all the knowing ones. 

 Boes not night ripening also ! I have again commenced 

 growing Wheat on the same land, year after year. Last 

 year I had 40 bushels to the acre ; this year I have 50, 

 and hope, with a tolerable season, to have 60 next year. 

 Give me a Wheat hort enough in the straw, and I will 

 engage to grow 80 ; this looks very like an idle boast, 

 but 1 really do not see any difficulty in it, if I could get 

 the straw to stand upright. Do any of your corre- 

 spondents possess a Wheat of good quality, which is 

 shorter in the straw than "Piper's Thickset T* 

 where is it to be obtained ? Cl'theroe. 



Cream Cheeses.— In your * Notices to Correspondents" 

 in your last Paper (that of the 6th Dec), you say that smh \[ 

 it is made by adding the cream cf one meal's milk "to 

 the milk immediately taken from the cow— this, after 



being made 



fully turned 



Barnsley linen, by soaking it in salt and water— made 

 strong enough to float an g— place this in a 1 owl, and 

 pour the cream into it ; tie it up loosely, and hanf t up 

 in a tree in your garden. Next day "break down tlie 

 cream with a wooden spoon, and then hang it up again. 

 Repeat this process for two or three days, and by that 

 time the whey will have separated from the cream, 

 which will be about the consistency of butter ; collect 

 this carefully into a muslin cloth, place it on a board 

 with another board upon it (that is, supposing you have 

 no cheese mould), and put a 4lb. weight upon it ; turn 

 it daily for two or three days, and then take it out of 

 the cloth and lay it upon the board without weight, 

 daily turning it until it is ripe, which will be in about 

 10 days in cool weather; if you don't want a rich 

 cheese use one quart of milk to one quart of ereaw, 

 and put in a little salt (a pinch), and keep the 

 mixture in a warm kitchen, stirring it daily for 

 two or three days ; it will then ha% ihickeoed 

 considerably, and may be hung up in the linen cloth 

 and treated as before described. A lady friend, to 

 whom I have submitted this receipt, lis me 1 am 

 wrong in not using milk. She says, ■ tl. addition of a 

 little milk (say one pint to one quart of cream) makes 

 the cheese more velvety and handsomer than when 

 made all of cream." (Try I th.) A much readier nay of 

 making a cream cheese than this has c 



fully practised in this neighbourhood. Take \ our cream 

 (a quart), tie it in your salted linen cloth, giving it as 

 much room inside as the size of your cloth will rdlow, 



and then bury it in moist river or sea 8S 2 which baa been 

 thoroughly washed ; if this is done o mi^ht the capillary 

 attraction of the sand will have earned off the whole of 

 the whey by next morning, and you will have a cream 

 cheese, almost impromptu- If v our cretin is not \<ry 

 good, or if you use half milk, the precaution must be 

 taken of mixing the milk and cream some days pre- 

 viously, stirring it and keeping it in a warm room to 

 give it consistency, otherwise it will almost all 

 through the cloth. CJttht roe. 



Tu ipy Butter. — 1 may as well make andean breast 

 of it, and give all the receipts 1 am in possession oi 

 which are likely to i n t ( i ur dairy rea r* When 



angling in Wharfdale V or tli \<ari ago, 1 was 

 driven by a heavy shower of rain to shelter in a small 

 farm-house, when the farm* r\s wil was just starting to 

 market with her basket of butter. As the rain detained 



her as well as me, I got into conversation with lit r ut 

 her dairy. She observed, " llowev* rmany Turnir ur 

 cows get, we have never Tnrnipy butter." " V il, that 

 is a secret worth knowing. How do yon manage!" 

 " I mix half a pint of scalding ho1 water with each gallon 

 of milk when I syle (strain) it, before sett in- N away in 

 the bowls, and this simple plan entirely removes all the 

 taste of the Turnips." This i.s very easily tried, and 

 those of your readers who are troubled with butter of 

 this kind, may make the experiment with little trouble. 



Ctithcroe. 



G amCm —\t grieves m to etlie violent way in which 



some people are attack in < e< mc-laws. Now listen, 

 Mr. Cuthill. I am a proprietor (1 wish 1 was), of .m 

 3000 acre principally surrounding my house, wherein 1 

 reside /or at least 10 months out of the 12, doing as 

 much good as I can to my neighbours, by pending meet 

 of my income on the spot. One f the greatest pleasures 

 I have through the year is to get some of my friends 

 around me, and turn out on a fine day, and *oot my 10 

 or 20 brace of partridges, or a few pheasants, or hares, 

 as it may be, and thoroughly do v enjoy oui ■**. 

 Now why should you take from v this enjoyment I My 

 tenants have no cause to complain, nor do they ; for in 



let tin 2 



ban ma tenpenny pettle of the*. / f bw «» to 

 be abolished because rascals break then, then t claim to 

 walk m: v rgardei Mr. C ., and 1 r self a* 1 &* 



and hate any law abolished whereby I may be punished! 



BIRMINGHAM SHOW OF POI'LTRY. 



It is almost impossible on vie win 



of 



of 



enterprise 



w 





c -bis exit <m 



1851, to believe it is the oft) ng of the smalt 



1 848, and the result speaks > ohimas fnr 

 and capabilities of the people of niimh^h 



If the efforts of the committee and 

 confined to the mere exhibition I \ »ultrv, and tfto 

 •ratifies m of the pi^ht- a se lng public, little would havw 

 been attained beyond tiie mere addition of one more ip m- 

 tade to the mi that are the hurhiofers of ChristsHL 



But the; had higher objects in * ; they aaw in 

 poultry a valuable liary to tjieagric. ** ; they 



found it a neglected, and almost deapiwd y ef 

 directed their best ergies and endeavot 

 from w hat t hey considered a poefenn below Ms merits. To 

 do this, they prepared* longlift lifts smlmnlM sisij 

 known breed, and t any should !>* 1*4*4, th 

 empowered the ju % to aw* extra medals or 

 prizes to i« 1 dtstlnc: \ 



They also issued it etion* that "HA 

 beauty of plumage, and pui v of race, 



i i 



XI 



v 



t 



hav 



mg jr. 



< l»ane 

 possessors of 



s ft 





M 



n 



I 



Htl 



to 



I 





ferred above icre 



from a rule which l-.aa Been too 



societies, and has d .< .nrtBB* 



valuable and proi 



These are not the only merit* of 1) irr 



they have n- i nothing that eOttM irilfilS 



to make th « xhihition the irst of its daas Tl 



liberal treatr nt of the deal 1 *-*tra afcv 



tin care taken of tin MNh Sfb < <\lll ,f •, sn4 ihi 



regularity with which the; are sent osT when the show 

 isclosei entitle them to toe thanks of all interested in 



the subject 



It would be unfair to conclude here, * ^ T ' lf C 



the meed of nnirupandsflfm to M«s*r*. W 



John L'>wn, anl SharUl. to whose endeavour* th town 



• I: mtsfhani and th* lovefj of poattrj ^t« Mini) 

 indebted for this display. 



If any were ■ ptieal as to the goc. resnlt of Us 



xhihition, th< *adua! progress and hnprotement 

 the mote Tifiefm h te ed s would prove that when audi 



Societies as tins are dirsolc4 U»t, SiCCHB WBSt I "3 the 



result. I - introdurtissl is rendered ne cc ss sr y becanee 



towns art following 



i 



■4P 



IN nzauce, 8twl>iiry f and m 



example of Birnii tan ; th note of preps rsiton lm« 



sjonnded ; and while they cannot i op« to equal * lb 

 Mi ( ountf " they may, bj j r 



and eondn. ler thiir" model, s nssu the sv 



mt of th< r desires. 



A t this stew, worthy of t h year m whfah It waa held, 

 there were 10.W entries fc»r competftinn, cM^riaing 

 #440 birds, exelusi^ ]rtgeons or 



f ihv first in or »n th ■ 



This was not so wel ewit« 

 were ot so rood, and all I s 



carried off 1 Mr Peek, o ^%W- 

 It would i n pity this breed shenl : 



the sine of the! 



ards sal 



list came the Spanish. 

 m 1** i ear : the birds 

 prii »sJ 



P 



fan 



• :*- 





et the 



their 



f mv farms, 1 look upon it a* a commercial trans- , «»i dt tne n. -. 

 ! and if T prefer taking any part of the ycarh «< the *>irds sent for 

 ? gLeellnn^thustoVy^mypl^ and all were K ood. It 



re von to step in and say «No, yon s 1 11 take 



and pressed two or three times, and care- 

 for a day or two. is fit for use." With all 



action 



value in 



right hare you to step in ami say 

 it all in money I" My neighbours don't eet lam, for, 

 since the hare killing act, a shilling will find thtm a 

 license to kill and dcM i oy Mm; «> the remedy is m 



their own hands. Rabbits 1 consider vermin, though 

 they are good enough to eat (when did you ^*^.^» 

 that you know her nssyship to 1 as good, Mr ( utfall ?), 

 and I take care to k p them down, ^mgedgair- « sn 

 convinced, as Mr. Wilkins says, do far more p«d than 

 i f so> harm. As for your saying that the land will rise in price 



when the Game-laws are ab ^hed, it is jnst stofl. 

 The extent of land where =me is highly presc rv i is very 



what, then, should make all tl land nse m 

 price « "Oppressed farmer!'' I'llundertaketo any that 

 if the votes of all the farmers in England wer taken as 

 to the abolition of the Game-b , there would be a 

 decidedly large majority in their favour. How many 



uty of the birds, the v of tl r 



uliar fitness for a residence in tb< 



scant v outlets of a town, rent* them in many nwpecm 

 desirable. There were 53 entries in this da* 



A far more ss rv display awaited the adn 



Of the gr« v nod f -Tk led Workings; f ;itnesanKHintsd 

 to 107; tl ■ adnata] reciat ' Uiis» ulhird 



of the pilliineeoas trit>e cannot be b- 



in by the in. rsnsn of this cbss and th ijntJity 



pet^ »n. M^ "^ !«■«, 



good. It is hard to 1 * * *>orl 



, and nnt to think while w dng her good 

 qualities (and the century and a half she has 



, her ground against all new eomsrs), tfcet m realises ut 

 heneif tlst luahle prop< rties the Vlrar oi ^ *k< 



I | i n h^r wed liM j r< ■, rti»eh wm 



« not for its tine glossy surface, »mt f ^S**'*" — 

 ' would wear well The Hon. and Rev ^ U !^ 

 re g? sed a flr Hza . id extra 4h f<*r 



itml merit : and Mr. Gen** U**, * mmmjmn. 



wi 







unu 



was wjnally successful 



The class in which thoee who sre mm 



tl in wh 



'"V IT I' 



ii the 



r fancy f 

 gr^at' 



due" deference to von" Mr. Editor, this is anything but a I farmers" are fond of shooting, themselves f 



good receipt. How is anybody who never made a ! many mo re delight to show their sportsmen fnenftsome 



cream cheese to make one by it ! Do you mean that 

 all the cream from one meal of milk, and all the milk 

 from the next, are to be added together! If so, 

 it w r ould be a very so-so affair ; and what do 

 you mean by being made t The lady who nev made 

 one, will be apt to say, " If I knew how to make it, 

 there would be no occasion to ask ; and here is a learned 

 editor assuming we are all as wise n$ himself." That T 

 may not be guilty of the fault of which I am complain- 

 ing, I add a receipt or two for making cream chei s, for 

 the excellence of which I will vouch. Gentle reader ! 

 Do you wish to make a cream cheese for your own 

 eating \ If so, observe what Dean Swift says : 



" Put no water at all, 



For it maketh things small/' 



ma I say put no milk at all, but take a quart of good 

 cream, and having prepared a piece of good stout 



The fact is, Mr. Cuthill, you 



where srsme is 



game 



si 



many 



game on their farms I 



choose to look at thoee estates only 



preserved for battue shooting which i ? p assionat ely 



fond of shooting as I am, consider a tame, uDspntmu- 



like, gluttonous amusement. ^J^ ' * 



cases, and serve to bring all advr* 4 *» &*+* 



into disrepute. But don't, for dwT **ke, ^g» "^ *J 

 principal deasui h* a county bnngs ; that eulsj 

 Lre itself ; or, rather, freest rade wdl «J^^ h « 

 these inordinate game preservers find that their rents 

 must fall yet a Httle low, , they w, m* their game a^d 

 if they are really fond of sport, will take itfflijj' 

 way. You speak as if all me m to J* «^ <£ 



Those animals were not creatad for nothing 



W by ! 



One might as well saj 



extirpate market gardeners. 



« But thev are articles of luxury ; " so are StrawberijS : 

 there is more nourishment even m the despised rabbit 



rather than utility, and . ,->,., 



interest was em , both from the cpa y of thel m, 

 their valu^, and the number of entries* wa^ wtom 



aiina; the eompcti tors here BsWnheMj >* 



The amateur may see such an **'•'"*•***! 

 he will ne « it surpassed ; for nothing could exceed 



the bemity nf many ef ths« birds. The» 

 uniting to faulttass ^tnmetry and e*mr *e w^Jt of 

 10 lbs., and a cock, the property of Mr *^f* 

 Gray f weighed 1 1 $ lb*. Tb< p • were iwbtlrm^mr^ 

 inril but thsfc* vilWe defects and der»aMMs m the 

 ■ line of bea ,- rendered any appeal to *e ^ »I 

 necemary, even to e them hope bx he side of th* 



more favoured com petitors. 



The first prise wd extra silfer medal for mMd 



merit wereawarded.to Mr. G.J. Andrew h**sr; 



were richly meritel by a pen < f birds ml h have 



m r yet \*m eouiWed. Mr « l f^\ of \^JS 



milar miccess ; Ids birds w. re 1 t ^ l ^ ti 2j 



heavier ban his nvak, but. tie wb . tto ««€• 

 leaned to the first lot The d^nnce wa* }»***** 

 an. tm fairly be donbtedwhetliert^ ^Pj^J 

 before ainpe^d ; next in rank came Mr. ht«A ol 

 Weymentln These three gen ttenui <**^^™ 



this class. Mr. Herbert, of Powick, Woree rshirf, 





