

THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE 



820 



0*mbe 



in ae* 



eral clas 



} 



great 



vigorous speech delivered on that occasion was from Mr. 

 Peter Mathews : 



seeds remain and 



win 



\ me stamp of pigs are exhibited every year "lam an advocate for improvement, gentlemen (*a.d Mr. 



the san _ . . * . L _, m ±u n ± •**«**«««■* ; a r^air. I Mathews with much energy), but moit inveterate against de- 

 ception. The theorists held out that wonderful result! would 

 tijw from free trade, and it had led the farmers, the public, and 

 he believed the legislature, astray. The state of things com- 

 menced about 10 years ago, when farmers could not trarel \m a 

 railway carriage, without being taunted about want of skill; 

 but time had proved that there was more difficulty in perform- 

 ing farming than in writing about ir. At a meeting, held a 

 few years ago, at the White Hart Inn a gentleman got up and 

 said there was five times more corn grown on Whitfield Farm, 

 than on any farm round Cirencester. That was too great an 



J. TV UUIVA AMfV.AW.* WV. ■ 



Last summer, a gentleman from 



by b the same exuiDimr, » — — a— 



*° KSworth breed appears to be great a favourite 

 • Z neighbourhood of Birmingham, and I am quite at 

 '"loss to know why they claim preference over any other 

 i ~Za There certainly was a few fa ir pigs shown of 

 fw breed, but the generality of them are long and 

 ^rse iWed, with bad bams, with long noses, and as 

 Som cheek as a greyhound. They do not m my 

 •Jnn nossess that propensity to fatten that many 

 E oreeofexhibit. I would rather be the eater than 



the feeder of them. 



Kentucky was with me, wanting to purchase pigs, when 

 f showed some very good ones. He admired them 

 much but did not buy, on the ground of their carcase 

 beV too heavy for their small legs J He wanted them 

 wronger and longer in the leg, as he had to send them a 

 70 days' journey to market. When he calls again, m 

 the spring, I shall be able to inform him where he can 

 get suited°to a hair's bread t h. K. 



£>ott'etit& 



Carrick.— Mr. Kennedy, of Myremill, made the fol- 

 lowing remarks on the Feeding of Stock, at the late 

 annual meeting of this Society :— 



I hold true the old saving, " the more cattle the more corn ; 

 that is I think a very sure evidence of a farm being In 

 rood or'der Is, when it supports a large herd of cattle upoo it. 

 You have thus a strong argument for supplementing your 

 ireen crops hy giving whatever substance you can find 

 cheapest, taking into account its feeding properties. I admit, 

 howler' that tnere is room for difference of opinion as to 

 these substances. Turnips, like the Grasses, are the best test 

 of quality of the land on which they are grown. I mean roots 

 •row n on land of the best quality will lay on as much bee* or 

 mutton, without either cake or corn, as roots grown on land of 

 inferior quality will do with a moderate quantity of either or 

 these auxiliaries. It is, of course, impossible to lay down a 

 rule to be followed, applicable to every farm as every one mil 

 be guided by circumstances, according to the quality ot his 

 land and the facility of procuring manure in the locality in 

 which he resides. It may be laid down as a general rule tnat, 

 when cattle are put up to fatten, the temperature of the byre 

 must be kept as even as noseible. Their improvement will 

 depend very much on the temperature at which tho animals 

 are kept. If the place is cold, they will consume more tood 

 without a corresponding degree of improvement- fur a large 

 proportion of their food will then be consumed, to keep up the 

 heat of the body. I have found my cattle thrive better on a 

 moderate quantity of roots than when they have been supplied 

 with m many as they could consume, provided, however, that 

 they also got bulk of other food. A bullock of 7 cwt. mil 

 require to get from 60 to 70 lbs. of roots per day; a larger 



uige&u* c yi videos lix jjci ui» vs. vu» «.*•—.—- „ r _ _ , 



out it they cannot ruminate, and rumination is necessary to 

 ensure their thriving and keeping in health. I have given my 

 cif.le for some years past a cooked food, composed ot Linseed 

 or oilcake-meal, Bean-meal, bruised Barley, Oats, or bran, 

 being guided by their respective prices, viewed in connection 

 with their feeding properties, and laying it down latterly as a 

 rule n;ver, if possible, to exceed 5?. or 6*. a month for extra 

 food for each animal. These ingredients, made up with 

 chopped Oat-straw or hay, given as a midday tetd, being 

 in a succulent and easily digested form, the animals eat 

 greedily, thrive on it, and the Turnips are economised, J y 

 this means you convert a great deal of the fodder of the 

 farm to a more valuable use than when given in a dry state I 

 have likewise touud Ryegrass hay a very good supplement to 

 Turnips. Cattle, given roots grown on good land, and vi&at 

 Kye-grasshay they will eat, will generally thrive as well a. 

 those fed on straw, whh cake or corn, as auxiliary to Turnips. 

 I think it better to give a small quantity of extra food to cattle 

 for a length of time, in preference to giving them none tor the 

 tirst three or tour months, and a large quantity the last two, 

 because when a large quantity is given, a good deal of it passes 

 throusrh the animal without its being assimilatt d. In proot ot 

 this opinion, it is generally found that cattle long fed on a 

 moderate allowance of extra food, kill better than when , given 

 a large quantity for a short time. Cattle should not be fed 

 oftener than thVee times per day ; when fed oftener they do not 

 thrive so well, being kept more on their feet, and having lest 

 time for ljing to ruminate their feed. I am satisfied that the 

 extra expence of washing and cutting the Turnips for cattle will 

 pay, ana tnat a more perfect preparation of their tood, rendenng 

 it more soluble, will amply repay any one who tries it. How is 

 it that dairy cows, afier calving in tne spring of the year and 

 While in the house, yield more milk if their tood is given then, 

 in a prepared or more soluble state, than when dry ? Why, 

 just be/ause the organs act more easily on the feed„,g mg e- 

 dients contained in that food, whatever t is. I think It quite 

 clear that th same results will follow with '"•*»»;«»«>«•: Dr ; 

 Ander-on stated, in my hearing, that he thought it could be 

 proved cattle convert it&o flesh the greatest amount of n ,trogen 

 when it was in the most digestible condition, or when it was in 

 a state to be taken up by the organs with the , greato.tr.md.t,. 

 In tms opinion I entirely agree, having found my cattle thrive 

 better on prepared food at a less expense than when they got 

 Bean-meal, or cake in a concentrated form. Th.. opinion 

 however, I am aware, is very much laughed I at b, men, r ot the 

 feeder. In some parts of the country. I hold ? d '8'>»ct OP "ion 

 that oilcake and Beans are the two articles which contain the 

 most valuable feeding properties. Dr. Anderson has aUo 

 stated this to be proved b, scientific analysis and mj o«» 

 excellence enables me to concur with him. A ton ot ueans 

 conti ns 99 ?b». of nitrogen, and 32 lbs of oil or '**.,»£«. 

 A ton of oilcake contains 103 be. of n itrogen and 224 ^ lbs of 

 oil these being the most valuable ingredients. Rape-cake 

 cont'd" nearly the same amount of feeding properties as oil- 

 cake and I have used it extensively for some years past, as its 

 mice i* about half that of oilcake, and it he ps to cheapen tie 

 & lulo however, only be given in smal. i Quant -^a. n 

 iiVltter in taste, and cattle will not eat it bj -iUM wuh re. sn 

 I hold that those farmers who give extra food to their stock 



have been better paid than those *. h \W° Z^irlwSrimoBt 

 considered that the Turnip crop in thU_country wa^aUno.t 



entirely 



over the iniaia price, m«v* V*'" 4 " 1 r"~~ ""., Afl%rrn 'food couM 

 sorry to say, was true ; but those who gave no extra food com ^ 



insult to be put up with, and I then contradicted the genii 

 man," continued Mr. Mathews, ''and said I had as much corn 

 as Lord Ducie, and could farm as well as his Scotch 

 steward. This was high treason, but time has gone on, 

 and two years ago the 9th of last July, I had the plea- 

 sure of telling Lord Ducie before 4000 people that I would 

 defy him to show a balance-sheet, and he admitttd be 

 could not do it. What has Mr. Morton done? Why, 

 after writing works to instruct ihe farmer, Kiven up farming 

 in despair! First of all it was called "The Experimental 

 Farm,'* next "The Example Farm," but now, 1 think, 

 we must call it M The Trotitless Farm ! w ( Loud Cheers ) Then 

 there is that fine fellow, the Rev. Mr. Huxrable, who has found 

 out the secret, that pigs can be fatted with bacon. Next, Mr. 

 Hewitt Davis ; and then there is the London shopkeeper, Mr. 

 Mechi, who comes all the way from Leadenhall-street, to teach 

 us farming. Weil, I went to inspect him — (cheers and 

 laughter) — and a very slovenly gentleman I found him. He 

 has lost more by farming than is the fee simpie of his estate. 

 He has not a bad flock of sheep, but I never saw any half to 

 badly managed. Then there i« a gentleman who lives in 

 Scotland, a Mr. Caird (I do not know how to pronounce his 

 name), the biggest humbug of the lot. But the greater the 

 humoug the more notice he is taken of; for Sir J times Graham 

 spv.ke of Mr. Caird'* pamphlet in the Float* of Comment. We 

 are sold for very little ; we are the middle class of agriculture 

 ([ am not speaking of towns), but the labourer Laofct up to 

 us for support and assistance, and we know that with it him 

 we can do nothing, and the land is not wor h a farthing. Then 

 have not we as much right to look to the aristocracy as the 

 poor have to look to us ! Did not our landlords foi rnerly say, 

 that we must sink or swim together ? Yes, but 1 am sorry t 

 say, that they have now sailed «ff, and taken away the boat 

 I defy contradiction. Un.ier present circumstances we cannot 

 go on. If rents got up to wheat at 7#. a buth< 1, how can we do 

 now, when it is at At. Gd . f The rent of the country is 

 60 000 0001., and Mr. Villie.-t-[A voice : What ! Lord A liers fj 

 —no,' the Hon. C. Villiers, in the House of Commuo, 

 said that the consumption had gained 90,000,000, but I will 

 put it at 60.000,000, by the cheapness of food. I will ask If 

 ihey have got it, have we not lost it ! 1 believe it it worse than 

 madness for the landlords of this country to look on to coolly 

 and see us ruined. You may depend upon it, if they remain 

 quiet much longer, their time will come next. Taxes must be 

 lowered— the salaries of all public offiotrt must be reduoed 

 according to the price of provision*. (Hear.) The talariei of 

 the county officers should be diminished. Another thing is 

 very important, and that is the fundnoldert; UMJ can lire 

 much cheaper-would it be very bad to take from them 

 9 000 000, if they have taken from us 60.000,000. I do not know 

 but what the landlords have been very much benefited up to 



the alteration— some of them return from 5 to 10 

 their rents, but a very great number have not 

 „ v ~e single farthing, and mine Is one of the number. 

 (Hear.) The average taken off is not more than lo per rent. 

 I have been talking lately to a great many landlords, and 

 some of them seem to think we can wriggle on without any 

 reduction in rent or taxes. If you att. nd meetings, you wm 

 find them exhorting us to farm high, to drain high, to cultivate 

 better. Yes, and see our wives and children come to poverty. 

 T hat is all we get. I have used my utmost endeavours to get 

 the present state of things alien d f but without avail It is 

 useless to attempt to do to without the landlords will assist us, 

 and if they will do so, we have but two alternatives ; el'her to 

 embark in another business, or emigrate to a distant country. 

 All we want is evenhanded justice-favour we scorn. I hop* 

 next year we shall meet under more favoura ble circumstances. 



Miscellaneous- 

 Price of Corn.— There has been a remarkable rise 



in the price of flour in the Paris market during the 

 week. Choice samples were sold as high as 51 f the 

 sack of 159 kilogrammes; superior quality, at from 

 49f. to 50f. ; and second quality, from 441. to 46f.— 

 bein* a rise of from 5f. to 6f. the sack within 10 days. 

 Many experienced speculators calculate that as the 

 lastZ wheat crop was deficient in quantity although 

 fine in quality, it is possible that the gram which 

 has been hitherto sold to speculators at prices dis- 

 astrous for the producers, may be resold before long 

 at an exorbitant price to the consumer. There ha* 

 been .a visible improvement in the cattle fairs, par- 

 ticularly in those departments which have not been 



disturbed. Times. . , 



At a meeting of the High- 



grow, wlxr. th* white man sow* 

 them ! that the winter, which for us it the nnatou of 

 laborious hunts, is to them a time of rest t It ia for 

 these reasons that the? have so many children, and lire 

 longer than we do. 1 say, then, to every one who bears 

 me, befoiv the trees above our huts shall have di of 

 age, before the maples of the valley erase to j 

 sugar, the race of the sowers of com will have extir- 

 pated the race of flesh-eaters, unless th hu rs reeolve 

 also to sow." In his difficult and laborious life of th* 

 chase, the Indian consumes in hit limbs a large sum of 

 force, but the effect produced is very trifling, aud bears 

 no proportion to the expense. Cultivation is the 

 •conomy of force. Science teaches us the simplest 

 means of obtaining the greatest effWt with the smallest 

 expenditure uf power, and with given meant to produce 

 a maximum of force. The unprofitable exertion of 

 power, the waste of force in agriculture,in other branches 

 of industry, in science, or in social economy, U charac 

 teristic of the want of true civilisation. Luh%g. 



METEOROLOGICAL KB! >KT. 



(OrmUuutd from 1 I 



DtCCMBSa. 





Date, I Time. 



15 



16 



17 



SO 

 14 



■ 

 3.15 



S 



• TO 



p m 

 a.m. 



p.m. 

 a.m. 



IS 

 19 



ft.lt p.m. 



1.S0 a.m 

 S p.m 

 6.55 



Mai 



Mia, 



30.81 



ISJS 



| 



so.ue 



S0.54 



so.no 



- | 



W|»d and Wr-fln. 



Densely ever- 



ea»f , thick K-ud 





M 



J p.m 

 ft). 10 Mi 



30.11 





00.00 



It.ll 



V tharljr. Calm. DeM 

 cvereaat ■ bttv ; dor 

 alffct. rain. 



a.m. SF.. Calm. Dettf 





t 

 I 



• • 



10.02 



• •• 



• . - 



10.00 



S0.01 



r u E. by if. Da. 4r 



Hnrwc-r falling »)o*lf. 



IS8S. (>t*tt*. Ovvrrett. 

 Barometer f»ttir*t; tlowly. 

 S. Getitlr IU if fa«t. At 

 erm*a c>e pasting over 

 i t up. 



Nrlst .p»tMOf tbowert 

 Bvet.in* t».n'lf Dmtolj 

 over* a»t, ■ nd ruining fatt. 

 Bartm.etr* rising. 



7.80 a,tn. 

 10.5 p.m.S 



00.00 





Sun. 21 

 t 



S 



a.m. 



1.5 p.m 

 2.50 p.m 



t • 



20. 



00.00 





• 



B 



10.00 p.m. 

 7 50 a.m. 



■ 





20.01 

 20.41 



20 



10 50 p.m. 



4 30 a.m. 



10.50 p.m. 



20.40 



! 







29.70 



29.41 



i • * 



■ 



29.01 



30. OS 





t 



t 



SSW, Brtti ; e?eri »»i ; 



drtttling H*r<»m«tar fil- 

 ing tt*a4a|y. Hot, mofgj 



day. 



A.tt 4. Blowing bard ano 



raining fast. 



B arotnetrr * ailing rapidly. 



2.00 W.N W <n*ar OWg- 

 bead. Dent* banka a'J 

 round. Barometer rising 



rapidly. 

 Evening. Floe. Clear and 



r*tm. SSW. 



Wnw Hrl.k. Pcnatover- 



cust; tqually ; drilling. 



10 a m NW. *t.Sr brr.Tt; 

 t m. N. Raining. ISTO- 



m^ter rltlnf •i«*aJl1y. 



\% w . aimeotealia 'rlgbt, 



tunny &*?■ '****< 

 ritiaf oteadlJy. 



to th. ...ttr.r.1 ; -t 8 * « of th. I» »- I h.rt • t«7 t™* \«VP"r- 

 Snityofwotchl^th. p.»tf« •' •"• ."'*"? 'h^ ™ nV «[ 



would th. pro, m. of .0 ^liy ; ;nd **%^*~r*%Ml 

 5 my VotlcipoTtoM, th. .rwlof wo. «*, oo»with.t.o*OK th. 



b "rp m ro' m r rbT;itre». w.rn,» of B.t«*>. ""^nZ 

 mltrr ... foiling. 1 Io-mIm ihi» .tor. to h.. «_ ron^ h<m tho 



•oothw.rd, and to h.r. .r.T.IJwl up *• '^^""Sh^ 

 tbentoh.»e curred ...tw.rd .nd cro..»d ot.t th.OW'r»Of 



Engi.nd toword. the B.HJc. Tho p....ft of i b* •*«"•-•>• 



oTsunda, .ft^moon w M T.r, " m » rk .^'^Vf«1Sc 

 t*nd*nc» of th. b»r< mt u w». »u«f>«>d^ ^oo "tter noon 



mo *l wet b .Uterou. forewK». A. thl. bopr*n^ on « •*»*** 

 .~a t t,.rpll.d un tb. So'jth-weitem line the nett OOy, IBM 



and l^f.L l f..°J f t „ 0l . r ,., n i ne tb.t tb. oteoHnu op of th. 



.t Do !•*»■ *»• bepfore th. ooaiio.nreot.ent 

 t .errlot, w*. obwrrod .t Sootb.aiptoo o. tbo 

 •tne out of church, .nd .t I'oeer oot unt.l 6 



uww. ..— thereforO 



for tbe po«t««« of tbi» .torm. 



Dorcbeiter, Doc. W. 



(To be eont> 



r. r. B. M. 



) 



Notice* to Corre»pono«nw. 



kiln th ey •« tb«i •aloobl. «t KU. to 1«. • too. ot mor^ 

 Too w.nt to know th. t.Iu« of th. dun K .t tb. .t-hl.. It 



too 



quantity 



that m. DOt 



k ° n V cwt. of Gra*. hay, at »«. M. por cwt.. X-'* 



sewt. „ P^-ltPIf^i ' 



if peck Oat., i peck per dt.m, at J#.«* 

 per bu»hel ••• •" , 



1. 



?. 



which 



•2 



1 

 



ered that the Turnip crop in thl. country wo. o.mo« 

 y lost, that feedera did not realise ""•/"V fw. if™ 

 i. inlaid price, thoj. p-ld for « heir extra ood • this I am 



Stalls 

 lanVAgricultural Society, held.Ust week, Mr. Maxweii, 

 before the commencement of the discussion, called the 



attention of the meeting to specimens of grooved bricks r __ _ _ .. 



f«; Uvinir the floors of cattle stalls, invented and manu- courM a^. D d. oo tb. way «*. ootouia ar. HmA 

 ^ture7b^lr.Xbcsat the Newark brickworks, near Ha, Cb^TTow*-, b3-Ho w.ehi, .xpeo^ o, 

 Ellon, in Aberdeenshire. Their peculiarity consisted 

 in the bricks being slit in the surface and grooved in the 

 centre ; the grooves communicating with a larger brick 

 of similar construction, on the principle of a mam dram, 



forms the grip or 



cutter. He mennoneu uuu, t. c ..»- received from Sir 

 John Forbes, and varieus practical farmers m Aber- 

 deenshire, statements certifying the advantages of the 

 invention in point of cleanliness, economy of litter, and 

 comfort, and that he understood the bricks were sold at 

 the kiln at 8s. per 100,160 being sumcient for four 



animals. From the Build*,; Bee. 6. ^ riou i ture 



Benefits of Stience.-The , r icticaJ view of •8"«™™ 

 cannot be more clearly or profoundly conceived than t 

 was by the North American chief, whose speech on the 

 subject is reported byCrcvecaur. The chief, ,n recom- 



Tbe 



10 



4. 



pecks of Oatt, or H pock per diem, at 



2t. Od. per bushel . ». - • 



cwt. of Bean ttrtw. at If. Sd. per cwt. I 

 pecks of Oatt, at 2#. 6d per bnthel . . 



Cutting to cbaff — 9 











H 



-~o o 



5, 



per cwt. 



800 



6. 



II ptckt of Oatt t at '2$. 6d. per bnsnel ... 1 



1 P Cutting: ttraw and Carrot ... 



-U cwt of Bean straw/ at It .ttfsrcwt. - 



t9 pecks of omall Potatoes, tt 2#. «<*. P» ^ 



15 pecks of Oatt, at 2i . Mv^t^TinLa " 

 Cnttin K ttraw and t *K ■ Vra toss ., 







1 

 



4 



i 







-7 



»* 



sorry to say, was true ; i ^^V^^^^ e " ^^ high con d maiding agriculture to his tribe, the M .ostssean inaiai « f 

 lw£™.^ a ^°°" 2SJ i «S : "Do you not see that the whites hre on corn, Mt 



^ S lSl l customers' hands, besides obtaining an increased on ^ f ^ thefle8 h requires more than 30 moons 



_ r«*...,««« .... r. - _„„«„« 1 *li«* AVPrV One Ol ll 



bortet, 



quantity and quality of manure 



Farmers' Clubs. 



The annual meeting and show of cattle, 

 connected with this Society, took place lately. Tbe most 



Cirencester 



bow, Md His Often scarce! that every one of 



wonderful seeds which they scatter on the sod r. turns 



them more than an hundred-fold ! that the flesh has .^^^^^ 



. I h.r. Mil ttaM ™*XAiV» hour.. a„d wb.O 

 eat and mitt 75 lta. of '^X.^eral J « 10* par ton. 



Pe [ small Potato, f* .£«•;«» ^Vu.bt m.n 7 ..ok. (o 







about 



! 



