% 
. Wherever the mountains did not impinge toa close on ther 
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twigs of trees. They live principally by plundering the Mexicans 
of New Mexico, Chihuahua, Sonora, an ngo. 
No vocabulary of their language was procured. I am inclined 
to think they extend up to the head waters of the Gila. 
Beyond them to the north is the warlike nation of the Navajoes, 
_ who, Mr. Fitzpatrick thinks, are allied to the Crow Indians. 
Near the head waters of the Salinas, which runs in a course, itis 
said, nearly northeast and southwest, is a band of Indians called the 
‘Soones, who, in manners, habits, and pursuits, are said to resemble 
the Pimos, except that they live in houses scooped from the solid 
rock. Many of them are Albinos, which may be the consequence 
-of their cavernous dwellings. Surrounded by the warlike Navajoe, 
and the thieving Apache, they nevertheless till their soil in peace 
and security. ; 
Coming farther east, we reach the San José, a tributary to the 
Puerco, which is tributary to the Rio del Norte from the west, 
not the Rio Puerco represented on the map to flow into the Del 
Norte south of El Passo. 
Here is an Indian race living in four story houses, built upon rocky 
promontories inaccessible to a savage foe, cultivating the soil and 
answering the description of the seven cities of Vasquez Coronado, 
except in their present insignificance in size and population, and 
the fact that the towns, though near each other, are not in ‘a (con- 
tinuous) valley six leagues long,” but on different branches of the 
“same stream. The names of these towns are Cibolleta, Moquino, 
Pojuato, Covero, Acona, Laguna, Poblacon; the last a ruin. 
I did not visit these towns in person; but I hopeto get a minute 
description from one who did, and, should I succeed, it will be sent 
» sto. you. ' , 
» - 
s 
"ade 
The work you mention, of Castenada, has never been seen by 
‘me. My‘own impression, and it is so stated in my journal, is that 
the many ruins we saw on the Gila might well be attributed to 
Indians of the races we saw in New Mexico, and on the Gila itself. | 
The implement for grinding corn, and the broken pottery, were © 
the only vestiges of the mechanical arts which we saw amongst the — 
ruins, with the exception of a few ornaments, principally immense 
well turned beads, the size of a hen’s eg ES jin 
The same corn grinder and pottery are now in use among the | 
Pimog. The corn grinder is merely a large stone, well worn, 
slightly concave, and another of different shape, convex, intended 
to fit the first and crush the corn between by the pressure of the 
hand. 
which is shown in the table, from thence to the Pimos vil 
shut out the valley, they were seen in great abundance, 
= should think, to ‘Sdieate a former population of at least 
Rear, ae 
The ruins on the Gila were first seen at camp 81, the position of 
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