-from the water 
GRAPE MANUAL. 18 
8. Hy brids between Delaware and Vinifera; 
Ww 
CROTON, ITHAKA, WYLIE’S DELAWARE Hrke 
. By crossing the Delaware alien Diana were produced 
the ONONDAGA and WALTER, perha so eee fae 
t pro- 
by a cross of Delaware sae osidets folia Mr. 
d TN. nd finally, some crosses eer 
Hybrids were produced 
So far most Hybrids produced were between Labr 
rmer have a tendency fo leaf mil- 
her 
healthy Vinifera, is highly ssiirotiaie, especially when 
some tender, glass-house grown variety is used for 
that purpose. Only by the selection of the most healthy 
and hardy varieties of a native and foreign rien or, 
perhaps still better, by an intermixture of the best and 
most vigorous native species, may really Vilas re- 
sults be obtained. 
st of the Hybrids which we now cultivate are of 
too recent introduction to be thoroughly tested; yet it 
lready apparent that their adaptability to successful 
i i ini t tive 
the re- 
ements of Hybrid grapes, as to climate, soil and 
> will be found quite similar vas the requirements 
of one or the other of their progenito 
LOCATION. 
he only general rules we can give, to guide 
us in the selection of a proper, desirable loca- 
tion for vineyards, are: 
i: good wine-growing region is one where 
the season of growth is of sufficient length to 
ripen to perfection our best wine grapes, ex- 
empt from late spring frosts, heavy summer 
dews, and early frosts in autumn. Do not at- 
tempt, therefore, to cultivate the grape in low, 
damp valleys, along creeks; low situations, 
. where water can settle and penne about the 
roots will not answer; wherever we find the 
ague an habitual guest with as inhabitants, we 
need not look for healthy grape-vines; but on 
the hillsides, gentle slopes, along large rivers 
and lakes, on the bluffs hslpstngesd the banks 
of our large streams, wher 
atmosphere, even in the hottest summer days, 
to refresh the leaf during the webs sot morning 
Bae there is the Jocation of the 
good soil for the vineyard Shonld be a 
dr 24 calcareous loam, sufficiently deep (say 
three feet) loose and friable, draining itself 
readily. New soils, both granitic and lime- 
stone, made up by nature of decomposed stone 
and leaf mould, are to be preferred to those that 
have long been in cultivation. If you have such 
a location and soil, seek no further, ask no 
chemist to analyze its ingredients, but go at 
PREPARING THE SOIL. 
The old system of trenching is no more 
ticed, except upon very hard, stony soil, and 
upon steep hillsides, being too costly and of 
very little, if any, advantage. The plow has 
taken the place of the spade, and has much les- 
sened the expense. While we would urge a 
thorough work in the preparation of the soil 
before planting the vine, and warn against 
planting in ditches, or worse yet in square 
holes, we believe that by careful grubbing (in 
timber lands) leaving no stumps, which would 
only be a continual eyesore and hindrance to 
proper cultivation, and then using a la 
breaking plow, followed by the subsoil plow, 
the soil will be stirred as deep (say twenty in- 
ches) as is really necessary to insure a good an 
healthy growth of vines. This will require two 
to three yoke of oxen to each plow, according 
to the condition of the soil. For old ground a 
common two-horse plow, with a span of strong 
horses or cattle, followed in the same furrow by 
a subsoil stirrer, will be sufficient to stir the 
soil deeply and thoroughly, and will leave it as 
mellow, and in its natural position as desirable. 
This may be done during any time of the year 
when the ground is open and not too wet. Most 
soils would be benefited by underdraining; the 
manner of doing it is the same as for other farm 
crops, except that for vines the drains should be 
placed deeper; it is less important on our hill 
sides, and too costly to be practiced to a great 
extent here; wet spots, however, must be 
drained at least by gutters, and to prevent the 
ground from washing, small ditches should be 
made, leading into a main ditch. Steep hill 
sides, if used at all, should be terraced. 
PLANTING. 
The soil being thus tk landi 
ki friable — you ‘are ready for plant- 
ing. The p season for doing this is in the 
fall, after the ee of November, or in the spring, 
before the ist of May. ost vineyards are 
1 in spring, and in northern, very cold 
localities, this may be preferable. We prefer 
fall planting; the ground will generally be in 
better condition, as- we have better weather in 
the fall, and more time to spare. The ground 
can settle among the roots in winter; the roots 
will have healed and calloused over, new root- 
lets will issue early in spring before the condi- 
tion of the ground would have permitted plant- 
ing, and the young plants commencing to grow 
as soon as the frost is out of the ground, will 
start with full vigor in spring. To prevent the 
