14 BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. 
roots from being thrown to the surface by al- 
ternate freezing and thawing, a mound of earth 
hoed up around a plants, or a eee thrown 
up with a plow, as to elevate the ground 
somewhat in the oe ad be found ie afford 
all the protection necessa By no means de- 
lay planting till date in spring (after May first 
here), and if your gr 
is now the uated ene 
© pass s through with plow 
or cultivator; the ae in the rows varies 
h 
part. 
atment practiced with European 
pg especially by German vintners, will 
not do for American vines, which must have 
ample room to spread anda free circulation 
of air. The number of vines required to set 
an acre (containing 43,560 square feet), will 
be 
DISTANCE, FEET. METRES, 
5 ft. by 5 ft. 1m §4 by 1™64.......... 1,742 
5 ft. by 6 ft. 1™ 54 by 1™85.......... 1,452 
6 ft. by 6 ft. 1™ 8 by1™85.......... 1,210 
by Tf. 1™85 by 27™1b.......... Ay 
6 ft. by 8 ft. Fmes by 2 46... 5.0... 90 
6ft. by 9 ft. 1™85 by2™75.......... 807 
6 ft. by 10 ft. mer by eo Te 725 
ft. by 7 Smis by 2M. 889 
Th. by: Sit 2m15 by 2m46.......... TTT 
Tit. by 9 ft. 2m 16 by 2™76..20. 2605, 
7 ft. by 10 ft. 2 Oe Be aes. we 622 
8 ft. by 8 ft. 2m 46 by 2™46....... 680 
8ft. by 9 ft. 2m46by2m7%H . <a.) Goer 
8 ft. by 10 ft. 2m 3m 544 
ft. by 9 ft. 2m 75 by 2™75.......... 537 
9 ft. by 10 ft. 2m by mi lis i 
10 ft. by 10 ft. SMe Dy oe ixracal, 
‘acre = 41 ares French measure, or one Hectare 
nearly equal to two and a half acres 
Having determined the distance pone: you 
desire to p the vines, mark off the rows, 
running them parallel, and with the most level 
lines of your slope or hillside, so that you may 
easily plow between the rows and that the 
ground may not wash. (Ou au eastern slope 
the rows will therefore run in a direction from 
north to south, which most vine dressers pre- 
fer.) Be careful, on sloping ground, to leave 
spaces for surface drains, the steeper the hill- 
sides the more frequent must these surface 
drains be. Then divide the rows into the de- 
sired distances, by the aid of a stretched line, 
and put small stakes where, each plant is to 
cote Now, if the groundis ‘sufficiently dry so 
Savane well, make the holes to bith 
ne vines, as sho own in fig. 19. The de epth 
these 
the nature of the soil. 
On seny steep RIE 
Fig. 19. 
and especially on southern slopes, with natu- 
rally warm, dry soil, you must plant deeper 
than on gentle slopes ati deep, rich soil, or on 
bottom Jand and rich prairies. Eight inches 
will be deep enough on the latter; on the former 
we should plant from twelve to fourteen inches 
deep. 
Having made the holes, and it is best not to 
make too many at a time, as the ground will dry 
out too quickly, you can go to planting. 
We do not intend to discuss here the various 
modes of multiplication or propagation of grape 
vines from cuttings, layers or single eyes (buds), 
still less the production of new varieties from 
seed and Hybridizing, as this would far exceed 
the scope of this brief Manual, nor do we desire 
to say whether you should plant cuttings or — 
rooted plants, ety whether plarts grown from 
cuttings, from single eyes or layers, are prefer- 
ble. Pro ‘pie $s and nurserymen are not 
considered disinterested, impartial judges on 
be superior 
but unprejudiced and observing cultivators 
have found that they only look stronger and 
» but are not as good as plants properly 
