GRAPE MANUAL. } 17 
(We may as well remark here that the Wagner 
grafting machine, which is highly recommended 
by many who have tried.it, works upon the 
same principle.) As the slit cut by the saw is 
always of a uniform thickness, the scions may 
be prepared beforehand_in the house during a 
rainy day or in the evening, and kept in damp 
moss until wanted. 
There are besides various other methods of 
grafting the grape below the surface of the soil, 
but as the one we have described is that which 
is most generally adopted, and we have reason 
to think, also, the most successful one, we re- 
frain from describing the others. 
It frequently happens that the buds of the 
grafts swell rapidly within a few days after the 
operation, and then after having given great 
promis week or two, they turn brown 
and apparently die off. Do not let this discour- 
age you too quickly, and above all make no rash 
examinations of the cause of this seeming fail- 
ure, by pulling out the scion or otherwise 
loosening it. A graft will often remain in this 
state for a period of five or six weeks, and then 
start up all at once with a vigor that will push 
young wood to the length of twenty or more 
feet the same season. Keep the young growth 
well tied up and carefully remove all suckers 
from the parent stock as soon as they appear. 
However, if our object is to graft a variety 
subject to the P’ xera on astock whose roots 
are healthy and possess the power of resisting 
the insect, we ae place the scion so that the 
grafted variety can not form its own roots, 
which would soon become the prey and breed- 
ing ground for the insect, and by their disease 
would contaminate the whole vine. We mus 
in this case aim to place the graft above the sur- 
face of the soil. The cleft and other ordinary 
modes of grafting fd unfortunately, seldom 
successful, unless wo ow the surface. 
Having this object in view we take recourse to 
grafting by approach or inarching. 
For this method it is desirable that two plants, 
one each of the variety which is to form the 
stock, and one of the scion, are planted close 
together, say about one foot apart. In June (the 
first year, if the plants make a sufficiently 
soon as the young shoots become sufficiently 
hard and woody to bear the knife, a shoot is 
taken from both the stock and the scion vine, 
and at a convenient place, where they may be 
brought in contact, a shaving is taken out from 
_ each of these, on the side next to the other, fora 
length.of 2 to 3 inches. This must be done with 
a smooth cut of a sharp knife, a little deeper 
than the inner bark, so as obtain on each a 
flat surface. They are then fitted snugly to- 
gether, so that the inner bark joins as much as 
possible, and wrapped securely with some old 
calico torn in strips, or soft bass strings. Besides 
this, it is well to place one tie a little below, and 
one above the grafted point, and also to tie the 
united canes to a stake or trellis to insure 
against all chances of loosening by the swaying 
of the wind. The rapid swelling of the young 
growth at this period of the year makes it desi- 
rable that the grafts be looked over after a few 
weeks, replacing such ties which may have 
burst, and loosening others which may. bind 
so as to cut into the wood. 
weeks, which will be further consolidated in the 
course of 6 to 8 weeks, when the bandages may 
be removed and the grafted portion left exposed 
to the sun, to thoroughly harden and ripen it. 
The shoots themselves are to be left to grow 
In the 
e stock cane, which in its turn is cut 
close above the connection. Supposing the stock 
to have been a Concord and the scion a Dela- 
ware, we now have a vine of the latter entirely 
on the strong, vigorous root of the former. Of 
course constant vigilance must be exercised to 
prevent suckers from starting out of the stock. 
It is well to protect the grafted joint the first 
few winters by a slight covering of straw or soil 
to prevent the frost from splitting it apart. 
Mr. Cambre, a practical and successful grape - 
grower near Nauvoo, Ills., and to whom we owe 
he main points of-these directions, has prac- 
ticed this system on a large scale and with the 
most flattering results. He has applied it ex- 
tensively to the Delaware, using wild seedlings 
from the woods as the stock, and thus succeeds 
in raising fine and regular crops of this ex- 
cellent grape, even in seasons aa other vines 
of this variety on their own roots in the neigh- 
boring vineyards are a total qi It would 
be highly interesting if others in different sec- 
tions of the country would also experiment with 
this system. 
Another mode of grafting above ground, prac- 
ticed with success by a Mr. Cornelius, (copied 
from ‘The Gardeners’ Monthly” by W. 
Strong in his valuable work, ‘‘ The Cultivation 
of the Grape’) is not merely interesting in it- _ 
self, but also illustrative of many other modi- 
fications in grafting: 
oF 
