GRAPE MANUAL. 
t 
seventy  Baishbe to every vine, the — cael 
after planting. These canes are now be 
treated the same, as regards stopping, ith 
laterals, etc., during each subsequent year 0 
their growth. 
ere are many other modes and systems of 
training, but the same general rules and princi- 
ples prevail in nearly all. 
There is one well authenticated fact in the 
fruiting of the grape, viz: that the finest fruit, 
the best, earliest and largest crops are produced 
upon the strongest shoots of the previous years’ 
rowth. The only proper system of pruning 
false impressions with reference to any m 
under very indifferent treatment. In all sys- 
tems of training which involve the retention of 
wood beyond five or six years, as in the case of 
spur pruning, and the methods with permanent 
horizontal branches, it is absolutely essential to 
rom e 
base of the plant. Fixed rules can hardly be 
given for an operation which requires so much 
thought and such close acquaintance with the 
growth and paneing habits of the different 
varieties. 
If you desire to train your vines for arbors or 
on walls, leave but one shoot to grow during 
the first summer, and if necessary even the sec- 
ond, so that it may get very strong. Cut back 
to three eyes in fall, these will each throw out a 
strong shoot, which should be tied to the arbor 
ce are designed to cover, and allowed to grow | 
three canes will be cut back | 
nchecked. These 
in the fall following to three buds each, which 
will give us three principal branches, each with 
their canes the third or fourth season; of each 
of these branches, cut next fall one cane to two 
eyes, and the others to six or more buds, ac- 
cording to the strength of the vine, then gradu- 
ally increase the number of branches and cut 
back more severely those pe fruited. In this 
manner a vine ean be made in the course of 
buds near the arms ae the aah cas one 
8 1 othe 
25 
e to cover a large space, ghee a large 
pom of fruit, and get very o 
Those who desire further 1afbrmiation and di- 
rections on various modes of pruning and train- 
ing, or on the culture of grape vines in glass 
houses, we refer to Chorlton’s Grape rs’ 
Guide; Fuller’s Grape Culturist; Hoare’s Cul- 
tivation of the Grape-vine on open Walls; and 
other books on Grape Culture, especially also : 
an article on Pruning and Training the Gra 
vine, by Wm. Saunders, United States Beier 
ment of Agriculture. Report, 
The vine, with all its vigor and longevity, is no less 
subject to diseases than all other organic bodies, and as 
we cannot remo nd can even 
early and late frosts. You have been impresse 
the necessity of clean promt ttc stirring the soil, * of 
proper training, ’and of thinning the fruit. It you dis- 
regard these points, even his healthiest ae most vig- 
— varieties of Vinge | will become diseas 
“ The 
“7 7 hl disease, 
dfit-dew 18 
It is a pra iwe ‘distinet zigeal are infesting our 
vines. The one “ Odium Tuckeri,’’ of Europe, shows a 
powdery appearance on the upper atten of leaves, td 
frequently fo 
and berries ite tac oe ee corrode and prevent the 
pre swelling of the pa tacked. Grapes that are 
touched ae it, will gl an ng d spot, hard and 
brown, the portions of the berry not attacked, will 
swell es hey and all that this hurt portion can do is 
Peronospora, and | 
shows itself on the under surface ME the leaves, aauaie 
looki it Hike a small poet of whitish-brown, do 
mat to leaf, nae a ‘ perfect 
parasite; it destroys the part where it a 8, the sun 
a hole, and it is called sities. leat blight ete. 
pa if you say that it is mildew—oh, no! I never had 
any mildew. Being confin ed to the rae surface of 
tke leaves it mildew is en- 
cou a by continued damp, rainy ane or even 
constant heavy dews, followed by still, balmy days ; 
SN ere ae ie A J bee 
leaving the fohlage.” Wm. Saunders. 
are aware of the fact that in certain se: sand 
"*We season: 
peculiar diem neglected Mca beg yah filled with grass and 
weeds have diseases and borne full crops, while 
ss 
well hoed aia tivated ae gi suffered severely, es- 
cially from ro¢; but the rule holds nevertheless i 
in general. Ai f seve routh, for instance, 
fall ploughing may cause the evaporation of the scanty 
maini oisture in the loosene: soil and render the 
exhaus' y to seve ile the 
e uld serve as a protectio 
pat 
en glass 
after a gag or two a 
and —— of their vines was 
‘ 
DISEASES OF THE GRAPE VINE. v\/ 
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