Diptera: Nemocera vera, N. anomala and Kremochada. 419 



it: „Antennes aj'aiit au moins sept pieces distinctes, le plus souvent 

 de doiize ä seize (beaucoup plus longues que la tete pour la plupart); 

 palpes places en dehors et souvent de plusieurs articles." 



In his: „Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum", Vol. IV, p. 238 

 (1809) Latreille iniproved this delinition thus: „Antennae (filiformes 

 vel setaceae, saepissime capitis truncique longitudine), articulis sex 

 et ultra (saepe 14 — 16) discretis. Palpi communiter elongati, sub- 

 setacei, articulis quinque vel quatuor distiuctis." In 1817 Latreille 

 gave this group of faniilies the name iV^moc^ra. i) Thus a rigorouslj- 

 defined division was established, separated frora the bulk of the other 

 Diptera by two characters taken from different parts of the body: 

 the antennae and the palpi. 



The first part of Macquart"s „Dipteres du Nord de la France" 

 appeared in 1823—24, that is, before Latreille's „Familles naturelles 

 etc." (1825). Macquart, like Latreille, recognizes in the Ne- 

 mocera one of the two great subdivisions of the Diptera, but he 

 quite correctly points out that it is merely a division, containing 

 various organizations, and not a homogeneous family like the 7a- 

 banidae, Si/rphidae etc. At the same tinie, in advance, as we 

 shall see, of other authors, he states distinctly that there is no 

 transition between the Nemocei-a and tlie rest of the Diptera, but, 

 on the contrary, that there is a discontinuity bet^Yeen them („une 

 Solution de continuite"). The whoLc passage is worth quoting: „En 

 considerant les differences importantes par lesquelles les Tipulaires 

 (in the sense of the Nemocera Latr.) se distingueiit des autres 

 Dipteres, et l'espece de Solution de continuite qui les en separe; en 

 les Yo^'ant former une serie considerable, tres distincte de l'autre, et 

 parcourant de nienie divers degres de l'organisation, on pourrait les 

 regarder comme constituant un ordre pavticulicr, compose lui-meme 

 de plusieurs familles ; et Ton trouverait peut-etre autaut de dis- 

 semblances entre elles et les autres Dipteres, quentre les Hymenopteres 

 par exemple, et les Nevropteres. " For the second of these two great 

 divisions of Diptera Macquart selected the name of Brachocera 

 (Hist. Nat. Dipt. I, p. 14, 1834), although he fully recognized that this 

 second division, like the first, consists of a miscellany of differently 



]) This name, as I ascertained duriiig my researches in the Libraiy 

 of the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia for my first Ca- 

 talogue of the North-Aiiierican Diptera (1857), appeared for tlie first 

 time in the Nouveau Dictionnaire d'Histoire Naturelle fde Deterville) in 

 1817, under the headings of: Dipteres and Entomologie. 



27* 



