4*26 Osten Sacken: an the tluiradivs 0/ (he three dhns'wns of 



Lohogaster froin Chili, In thcir origiiiality tlicsc geiicrii are probably 

 tlic last remnants uf long cxtinct local fauuac, pcrliaps of thc con- 

 tinciits and islands whicli, in tlic tcitiary jicriod, liavc cxistcd in thc 

 arctic and antarctic regions. 



Latreille seems to have had a prescntiment of my group Ne- 

 moccra anomala wheii hc established his division Tipulae ßorales 

 (Genei'a etc. lY, p. 2G5) cpnsisting of the BUnonidae^ Simid'tdae 

 and of the genus Cordyla. He has been misled about the location 

 of Cordyla probably on account of the shortness and peculiar shape 

 of its antennae. In placing Bhyphus among the Mycetophilidae, 

 he overlooked its holoptic head which separates it from that fauiily. 

 Orphnephila and the Blepharoceridae were unknown at his timc. 

 But the characters he assigns to his Tipulae Horales show that he 

 was on the right track towards the isolation of the Nemocera ano- 

 mala from the remainder of the division: Antennae ante oculos in- 

 sertae. Caput .... in masculis subglobosum et oculis penitus 

 fere occupatum etc. Comparc also Latreille's Considerations etc. 

 p. 485 (1810). 



A few words about the nanies I selected for these divisions will 

 not be aniiss here. As the author of t.his new grouping I would 

 perhaps have had the right to invent new names for the two divisions. 

 I prefer to retain the old and expressive name of Nemocera for both 

 of them, und to establish a distinction by the addition of the adjectives 

 vera and anomala. — Family-names in zoology must consist of one 

 word only; but there is no inconvenience in using Compound names 

 for larger divisions. They are not exactly names. but designations; 

 they must have something of the descriptive character in them (like 

 Orthorrhapha Nemocera etc.). When the name Liimiohina ano- 

 mala was introduced by nie, it was objected to by some writers. 

 Verrall proposed Rhamphidina and van der Wulp: Antochina. But 

 names ending in idae or inae imply a relationship between the 

 genera of the group, which in this case does not exist. The addition 

 of the word anomala describes the artificial character of the division, 

 and is, in my opinion, preferable. — (I have expressed this opinion 

 already in my „Studies on Tipulidae" II, p. 183). 



Having thus disposed of the division Nemocera Latreille, corre- 

 sponding to the Orthorrhapha Nemocera of Brauer we reach now 

 that of the Orthorrhapha Brachycera, and we meet at once with 

 a group of families which have been for a long time converging to- 

 wards each other during the successive changes in the systematic 

 an-angemeiit, but which fonnd the kovstoiio for their final association 



