4.')4 Osten Sacken: on the charciitcrs vf thc tliree divif-ioiiii oj 



it also occurs in New-Zealand and tlie Auckland Islands, and lias bcen 

 recorded froni Assam and the Islands of I^ourbon and Madeira. Two 

 species are described from Australia. Wherever Simulinm appears, 

 it is in niyriads of specimens; in Australia alone thcy socm to be „rare 

 and local" (Sknse). Loew discovered half a dozcn species in aniber. 



Blepharoceridae. Although this faniily, by reason of its 

 long legs and slender body, resenibles thc Tipulidae, it has many 

 characters which distinguish it from the Nemocera vcra, principally 

 in the structure of the head and eyes. Holopticism and bisection 

 of the eyes frequently occur here in both sexes. 



The genus Biepharocera has contiguous eyes, biscctcd by an 

 unfacetted crossband; the facets of the upper ])art of the eye are 

 larger than the lower ones; these characters belong to buth sexes. 

 Hammatorhina, knovvn in the male sex only, has a similar struc- 

 ture of the head. In Biepharocera ancilla 0. S., California, the 

 unfacetted crossband is replaced by a groove. 



Bihiocephala and Agathon (both known in the male sex only) 

 also have contiguous, bisected eyes, with larger facets above than 

 below, but the unfacetted stripe is replaced here by a merc line. 



In Liponenra, Apistoinyia and Paltostonui the eyes are sei»a- 

 rated by a more or less broad front (in Liponevra in both sexes; 

 the females of the two other genera are not known). In Liponeura 

 yosemite cf the eyes are bisected by a line with larger facets above 

 than below; about the female, as well as about the other species of 

 JLiponevra, observations are wanting. (My Observation on Lip. yo- 

 setnite I took from fresli specimens. I have a pair of Lip. cineras- 

 cens before me which I captured in the Pyrenees; but I cannot per- 

 ceive the bisection in the dry specimens; comp. ßerl. Phit. Z. 1878, 

 p. 410). Apistomyia (f has, like Biepharocera, the eyes bisected 

 by an unfacetted stripe, its broad front notwithstanding; this and 

 Liponeura yosemite are the only known oxceptional cases of bi- 

 section without holopticism. 



Paltostomacf, which I saw in Turin (Berl. Ent. Z. 1878, p. 411), 

 appeared to me as having facets of the same size all over the eyes, 

 without any bisection. The Paltostoma torrentiuin (Müller) male, 

 is represented with contiguous eyes, distinctly bisected; but I have 

 shown in the Berl. Ent. Z. 1891, p. 409 that, on account of these 

 characters, it cannot be a true Paltostoma. 



follows Meigen, but relurns to Simulinm in his later publications. 

 Schiner has Simulia. 



