Domestic Notices : — England. 327 



higher on one side than the thorn, is to protect it from the wind, and to give 

 heat to the roots from the sun. When the thorns have got completely esta- 

 blished, the other part of the bank, as shown by the dotted line d, is removed ; 

 e shows that there are posts fixed, to which rails are attached to protect the 

 thorns from the cattle. On the other side of the fence they are protected by 

 the water course ; //show the turf drains leading into the main water course. 

 The Duke of Hamilton being very desirous of getting as much fencing as 

 possible finished and planted every year, planting has been in consequence car- 

 ried on into the month of May. Much doubt was entertained the first year, 

 whether planting in May would succeed, as the thorns were come into full leaf ; 

 but that doubt has been fairly removed, as the thorns planted in May have 

 answered quite as well as those planted in autumn, February, March, and 

 April. — M.Saul. Garstang, March U . 1843. [See i^. Williamson in Card. 

 Chron., vol. i. p. 323,] 



The Smoke given off from the Chimneys of mamfacturing EstabUshments in 

 the Neighbourhood of the Metropolis has become such a nuisance to the market- 

 gardeners, that they have got up a petition on the subject. The prayer of 

 the petition is, that parliament would pass some legislative enactment by 

 which the nuisance may be abolished, convinced, as the petitioners are, that 

 there are means in existence by which the smoke may be consumed or ren- 

 dered innoxious, to the great saving of the manufacturer, the advantage of 

 the cultivator, and the general salubrity of the metropolitan atmosphere. — Cond. 



The Practical and Scientific Association for the Promotion of improved Street 

 Paving. — The objects of this Association are : — To form a museum of all 

 the improved systems for making carriage-ways ; to collect and disseminate 

 the most correct information respecting them ; to invite the cooperation of 

 men eminent for their practical and scientific experience bn this subject; to 

 adopt such measures as will insure justice and impartiality to inventors and 

 patentees ; to pursue such a course as will lead to the introduction of that 

 pavement, which, for its general utility and economy, shall not fail to obtain 

 the approbation of the public at large ; and, finally, to assist the rate-payers, 

 in any locality, in procuring tlie introduction of wood, or any better system 

 of pavement, in conformity with the wishes of the majority of the residents. 

 The office is at 20. Vere Street, Oxford Street; and the secretary is J. W. 

 G. Gutch, Esq., author of the Literary and Scientific Register, reviewed p. 81. 



The Association offers the benefit of organised over individual efforts . 

 it proceeds upon the broad principles of public good, eschewing private in- 

 terests on the one side, and acting independently of personal opposition on the 

 other. Its province is emphatically to ascertain facts, and to demonstrate 

 truths, not to offer an intemperate antagonism to allowed privileges, nor to 

 stop short of its utmost ability to overcome factious opposition. Pursuing 

 this course, the committee have to submit. That wood paving has so far 

 advanced in practice as to make its general adoption in the leading thorough- 

 fares of the metropolis a highly probable event. The committee found their 

 opinion on the following grounds, viz. : 1st. The comparative quiet produced; 

 2dly, Its greater cleanliness ; 3dly, Its greater durability ; 4thly, Its greater 

 facility of traction ; 5thly, Its economy in point of expense ; and, 6thly, Its 

 greater advantages, in all respects, when compared with granite, paved, or 

 Macadamised streets. But this is not all : the committee are in possession 

 of the most satisfactory proofs, that, in situations where wood paving is 

 adopted, business increases, and the value of house property is enhanced. — 

 J. W. G. G. 



[We have elsewhere suggested that wood pavement is well adapted for the 

 ground floors of schools and labourers' cottages ; and we understand that it 

 is already being adopted even in the floors of kitchens of street houses.] 



Tile Draining in Northamptonshire, — The ground can be opened to tiie 

 depth of 18 in. for the reception of the tiles at 6(/. per chain ; and the soles 

 for the tiles, and the tiles, laid in for M. i)er chain. The cost of the tiles is 

 30s. per thousanti, and of the soles 20.s. per thousand ; and three tiles and 



