364 Principles of Landscape- Gardening 



within six or seven years, or next to brick graves or vaults ; but, should 

 it become necessary to open one grave adjoining another which has been 

 recently made or opened, recourse can always be had to planks or grave- 

 boards [Jigs. 37. and 38.] ; which, indeed, may be considered absolutely 

 necessary as safeguards in the case of all graves dug above 6 ft. deep adjoining 

 ground which has been moved. 



Every reopening of a family grave for another interment should be charged 

 according to the depth when it is an earth grave ; say for a depth of 6 ft. 3s,, 

 12 ft. Qs., and so on ; and, when it is a brick grave or vault, according to the 

 expense of removing the ledger or covering stone, &c. 



To insure the keeping of gravestones, monuments, and flowers planted over 

 graves in order, the fee-simple of the estimated annual expense of doing so 

 should be paid down by the proprietor of the grave, at the time of putting up 

 the monument, or putting in the plants [on the principle laid down in p. 218.]. 



Slick Graves. These requii'e to have side' walls of from 9 in. to 18 in. in 

 width, according to their depth; and these walls should be curved, so as to 

 resist the lateral pressure of the soil, as shown in plan No. 11. [Jig. 35. in 

 p. 158.]. Brick graves, when of great depth, require to occupy the space of 

 two earth graves, and hence the charges for them ought to be double that 

 for earth graves, exclusive of the expense of building; but when two brick 

 graves are built close together, each need not occupy more than an earth 

 grave, because the party wall will save 14 in. in width, thus : — 



ft. in. 



Width of space allowed for two graves - - - - 8 



Deduct three walls, each 14 in. thick - - - - 3 6 



Leaving a clear space of 2 ft. 3 in. in width for each grave 4 6 



Length of the ground, including half the width of the space on which 



the gravestones are to be placed - - - - 9 



Deduct two 14-inch walls - - - - - 2 4 



Leaving the clear length of the grave - - - 6 8 



The ordinary dimensions of the coffins which are always kept ready made 

 by undertakers are 6 ft. long by 20 in. wide, and 16 in. deep ; the largest size 

 is 7 ft. by 2 ft. 4 in., but coffins of this size are very seldom required. 



If the walls were built in cement, then 9 in. in thickness would in many 

 cases be sufficient; and this would add 10 in. to the length and 10 in. to the 

 width of the clear space, leaving it 7 ft. 6 in. by 3 ft. 1 in.; which would afford 

 ample room for any coffin whatever. 



The ordinary mode of burying in brick graves is to let down the coffins 

 one over another, without covering them with earth, but merely laying a flat 

 stone or ledger over the mouth of the grave a few inches above the level of 

 the ground's surface. In some cases a flag-stone, resting on ledges projecting 

 from the side walls of the grave, is placed over each coffin as it is deposited ; 

 and when each flag-stone is securely cemented, so as effectually to prevent the 

 escape of gas [see p. 216.], a greater number of interments may be made in one 

 grave by this mode than by any other, and at the same time with perfect 

 safety to the living. 



The Vaults may be constructed in the usual manner, as shown in the 

 general plan. No. 1. [fig. 81. in p. 357.] at a a, and in the enlarged plan 

 No. 12. [fig. 35. in p. 158.], and section No. 13. [7%. 30. in p. 154.]. A vault 

 of 12 ft. in depth, and 2 coffins in width, will contain 12 coffins. 



The Books required for conducting this Cemetery are chiefly': 1. An order 

 book ; 2. A register or record of interments ; and 3. A ledger of graves, an 

 account being opened for each grave, as in the Kensal Green Cemetery. The 

 other books required do not differ from those in common use. Forms of the 

 order-book, register, and ledger will readily be obtained by applying to any 



