400 Principles of Landscape- Gardening 



Art. III. The Principles of Landscape- Gardening and of Landscape- 

 Architecture applied to the Laying out of Public Cemeteries and 

 the Improvement of Churchyards ; including Observations on the 

 Working and General Management of Cemeteries and Burial- 

 Grounds. By the Conductor. 



{Continued from p. 367.) 



VI. Design for a Cemetery on Hilly Ground. 



The lithograph Jig. 90. is an isometrical view of a cemetery, supposed to 

 be situated on hilly ground, the use of which is to show that an uneven 

 surface may be thrown into beds and borders for graves on the same general 

 principles as in a cemetery having a flat surface. In this design, there are 

 supposed to be two chapels included in one building, and entered through 

 porticoes on opposite sides. The surface of the ground is supposed to rise 

 considerably from the entrance lodge to the chapel, and to fall from the 

 chapel to the north-east on one side, and the south-west on the other. If 

 the reader will trace with his eye the direction of the main road from the 

 lodge at a, till it returns to b, he will find that a view of the entire cemetery 

 may be obtained from it, without going over any part twice ; but, as it might 

 be desirable, on account of the view, to descend along the road which leads to 

 the chapel, as well as ascend, the branch road c is laid out, in order that 

 after having entered at a, and returned by b, c might be entered ; and, after 

 proceeding as far as d, the visitor might return by the chapel, and come out 

 where he first entered at a. 



It will be observed that there is a border for graves immediately within the 

 boundary wall, which a walk separates from another border. There are also 

 broad borders to all the carriage roads ; and the interior of the compartments 

 formed by these borders is laid out in beds 18 ft. wide, separated by grass 

 paths 3 ft. in width, as in the design for the Cambridge Cemetery. 



At the four principal angles of the boundary wall are enclosed yards, in 

 each of which there is a shed for tools, planks, grave-boards, and other neces- 

 sary implements and articles. 



On the outside of the entrance gates are shown one of Shillibeer's two- 

 horse hearses arriving, and one of his one-horse hearses screwed up, so as to 

 resemble a common mourning-coach, returning. At e, in the interior, is 

 shown a funeral with a truck-hearse ; and, at^ one with a hand-bier. 



The great extent of the borders in this cemetery renders it particularly eligible 

 for being planted as an arboretum. 



VII. The present State of the London Cemeteries, considered 



CHIEFLY AS CeMETERY GaRDENS, 



From the discussions in the preceding pages, the reader will have anti- 

 cipated much of what is contained in the present article, in which, indeed, we 

 shall chiefly recapitulate what has been stated before more in detail. Of the 

 eight cemeteries which have been formed within the last ten or twelve years 

 we shall not single out any one by name, but notice chiefly objections which 

 apply more or less to all of them. 



We object to interments made in catacombs above ground, and to all inter- 

 ments in catacombs, however situated, in which the cell is not hermetically 

 sealed (instead of placing an open grating before it), the joints within being 

 previously covered with a thick coating of cement. In the last-formed 

 cemetery the catacombs are not yet built ; but, in all the others, so great an 

 expense has been incurred in the catacomb department, that it must operate 

 as a serious drawback to the profits of the shareholders. As far as we have 

 been able to ascertain, interment in catacombs is on the decline, as well in the 



