Landscape- Gardeniny ap2>lied to Public Cemeteries. 405 



cemeteries, we have received the greatest civility and attention from the su- 

 perintendants ; and, at the respective offices in London, every information has 

 been afforded us by the secretaries with the greatest readiness and politeness. 



As examples of the Eastern mode of planting cemeteries with cypress-like 

 trees, we shall give from the Enci/clnpecdia of Gardening, by the permission 

 of the proprietors, engravings of the Turkish cemeteries at Pera and at Eyub, 

 both near Constantinople, and of the Cemetery of Hafiz in Persia. We 

 shall add two examples of Chinese cemeteries, in wliich are planted trees of 

 various forms and characters. 



The Turklih burying-grounch " are generally favourite places of public resort. 

 The principal promenade in the evening, for the inhabitants of Pera, is a very 

 extensive cemetery, which slopes to the harbour, is planted with noble cy- 

 presses, and is thickly seL in many places with Turkish monuments. The 

 opulent Turks have their graves railed in, and often a building over them, in 

 some of which lights are kept constantly burning. The inscription on the 

 head-stones is usually a sentence from the Koran, written in letters of gold. 

 The Turks, hke the Welsh, adorn the graves of their friends by planting 

 flowers upon them, often the myrtle, but sometimes the amaryllis. {fig. 94.) 



iig- 94. The Turkish Cemcttry oj Pera. 



(IVilliams^s Travels, &c., p. 201.) The vicinity of a cemetery is not iti the 

 capital of Turkey judged by any means disagreeable, and no spot is so 

 lively and well frequented as the Armenian and Frank burying-ground, at the 

 outskirts of Pera, called Mnemata, or the tombs. It is shaded by a grove 

 of mulberry trees, and is on the edge of some high ground, whence there is 

 a magnificent view of the suburb of Scutari and a great portion of the Bos- 

 phorus. (Hobkouse's Travels in Albania, vol. ii. p. 837.) The cemetery of 

 the Turks at Constantinople is the fashionable quarter of the Franks, and 

 the pieasure-groiirul of the Levantines. It is the only place of recreation in 

 Pera. (^Aladc/ens Turkry, p. 204 ) The Turkish cemeteries are generally 

 out of the city, on rising ground, plantetl with cedars, cypresses, antl odori- 

 ferous shrubs, whose deep verdure and graceful forms bending in every breeze 

 give a melanchol} beauty to the place, and excite sentiments very congenial 

 to its destination. {Eustacc^s Travels, Szc, p. 45.) The Cemetery of Eyub, 

 near Constantinople, is crowded with graves ; those which contain males 

 have generally a turban at the head of the flat tombstone, and nearly all have 

 plants growing from the centre of the stones. (Jig. 93.) The magnificent 



