Landscape- Gardening applied to Public Cemeteries. 407 



burial-ground of Scutari extends for miles in length, and among high and 

 turbaned tombstones, with gold-lettered inscriptions, mournful cypresses are 

 thickly planted. (^Alexander'' s Travels from India, p. 240.) There is a very large 

 burying-ground, shaded by an extensive forest of cypresses at Bournabat, a 

 village of elegant country houses built in the European fashion, belonging to 

 the merchants of Smyrna. {Hobhouse's Travels in Albania, vol. i. p. GiO.) " 

 {Encyc. of Gard., ed. 18.34, p. 300.) 



Persian Cemeteries. — " There aie said to be 1001 mausoleums at Shiraz ; those 

 of Chodsja Hafiz and Saadi Sieraft(both celebrated poets) are the most beau- 

 tiful. The burial-place of the first (fig. 96.) is situated at Muselli, an estate pos- 



C^ 



Fig. 9G. The Cemetery of Hajiz. 



sessed by Hafiz, who, it is remarked, was not buried by the nation, but had the 

 expenses of his funeral defrayed out of his own private fortune. His cemetery 

 is square and spacious, shaded by poplars (a rare tree in Persia), and having a 

 lion carved in stone on each side of the entrance. The wall is built of brick, and 

 coincides in direction with the cypress trees of the surrounding garden. The 

 ground is strewed with tombstones, and divers sepulchral memorials of those 

 who had desired to be buried under the guardian influence of the poet. En- 

 tering from the neighbouring garden, which was bequeathed to the cemetery, 

 the keeper conducts a stranger into the place of the sepulchre. This is sur- 

 rounded by lattice-work, and contains three tumuli besides the grave of the 

 poet ; one encloses the remains of a secular prince, and the other two illus- 

 trious individuals, who, when living, were disciples of Hafiz. In the place 

 of the sepulchre sits a priest, who repeats verses from the Koran in praise 

 of the illustrious dead, and enumerates their virtues ; when he has finished, 

 another, and afterwards a third, in the open burying-place, take up the same 

 theme ; so that the lamentations are incessant. The tombs are placed in a 

 row ; and the form of all of them is the same. They are about the size of a sar- 

 cophagus, and have each a large stone, about a man's height, at both ends. 

 The stone of which they are made is of a common kind, and unpolished. On 

 each side are sculptured verses from the Koran, and on the stones placed at 

 the feet are elegant epitaphs, Hafiz died a, d, 1340, (Kcemffer' s Amcen, 

 Exot., &c., fas, ii, rel, vi. p, 367,) " {Enci/c. of Gard., ed, 1834, p. 371.) 

 ■ In the Chinese cemeteries (figs. 95. 97.), trees of various descriptions are intro- 

 duced, and the tombs are of very remarkable forms. " About Canton and Macao 

 the high lands are very little cultivated, being generally set apart for burying the 

 dead ; those about Canton are entirely occupied as cemeteries, the low grounds, 

 which can be covered with water, being the only ones which will produce 

 rice. (DobcU's Travels, 6ic., vol. ii. p. 191.) Sometimes, however, the 



