492 Principles of Landscape- Gardening 



(b) which ascend to the platform on which the church stands. The circum- 

 ferential walk (c) is 6 ft. wide, with a border for tombs and gravestones on 

 each side, 12ft. wide. There is also an inner walk (d) of the same width, 

 between which and the platform on which the church stands there is another 

 12 ft. broad for tombs. The space for graves without marks lies on each side 

 of the walk e, and is in 14 divisions, with room in each for 24 graves. Each 

 of these divisions is separated by a grass path 2 ft. wide. The two surround- 

 ing borders, intended for tombs, are planted with trees 20 ft. apart. At the 

 angles (//), these trees are cedars of Lebanon ; at the main entrance (g g), 

 they are yew trees ; and the remainder of the trees are diiFerent species of 

 thorns (CratEe^gus) (h), and evergreen cypresses (i), alternately ; except 

 opposite to the side entrances to the platform, and at the angles adjoining the 

 cedars, where there are yew trees marked k k k k. Whatever tree is in- 

 troduced on one side of the walk, the same sort is also planted on the other ; 

 for the sake of preserving uniformity in the perspective. The number of trees 

 wanted for this churchyard will be 8 cedars of Lebanon, 20 yews, 28 cy- 

 presses, and .32 plants of (7rataB"'gus. The latter may be of the following 16 

 species or varieties : — 



C. coccinea. 





C. Jronia. 



C. c. corallina. 





C. Oxyacantha ?-6sea. 



C. punctata. 





C. 0. multiplex (flore pleno). 



C. Crus-galli. 





C. 0. melanocarpa. 



C. C. salicifolia. 





C. 0. prae^cox. 



C. orientalis (o 



doratissima). 



C. glandulosa. 



C. tanacetifolia. 





C. heterophylla. 



C. t. Celsidna. 





C. flava. 



Half the yews may be of the upright L'ish variety ; but the cypresses should 

 be all of the common upright-growing kind. In manj' parts of England, and 

 generally in Scotland, the climate is too severe for the cypress ; but in all 

 such places the Irish yew, Irish juniper, Swedish juniper, weeping Nepal 

 juniper (J^unfperus recurva), the upright-growing variety of the Oriental arbor 

 vitae, or the Pinus Cembra, may be substituted. The common holly is also 

 not a bad substitute; and, if deciduous cypress-like trees were required, we 

 know of none more suitable than the Quercus pedunculata fastigiata and the 

 Cratae^gus Oxyacantha stricta. 



The parties wishing to bury in the borders are not to be considered as 

 obliged to erect tombs of any sort, or even to enclose the spot which they 

 have purchased with an iron railing ; all that they will be held under obliga- 

 tion to do will be, to confine their operations within the limits of the paral- 

 lelogram which they may purchase (and which may be either single, as shown 

 in the plan at t, or double, as at u), and the four corners of which will be 

 indicated by four stones let into the soil at the expense of the parish. The 

 party purchasing the ground may erect any description of gravestone, tomb, 

 statue, or monument, he chooses within it ; or he may leave it in naked turf, 

 which will be mown or clipped at the expense of the parish ; or he may plant 

 it with shrubs and flowers, in which case he must keep it in repair himself. 

 We have suggested the idea of not rendering it compulsory to erect tombs 

 or iron railings, in order that we may not seem to exclude those who 

 cannot afford the expense of such memorials, from purchasing a grave to hold 

 in perpetuity. A poor man may be willing to afford the price of a grave, in 

 order to preserve the remains of his family from being disturbed ; though he 

 might not be able to afford the farther expense of decorating it, by setting 

 up a gravestone or erecting a tomb. 



The Church shown in the figures is on what is supposed to be an improved 

 design, suggested by an architect in the Architectural Magazine ; and it differs 

 from the ordinary plan of churches in the manner of the entrances, and also 

 in the general form being nearer that of a square than is usual. The author 

 of this plan adopts it as a principle, " that the point in the outer walls from 

 which each pew, and each class of pews, can be gained by the shortest pos- 



