Geological Society of London. 135 



Mastodon pentelici, and Helladotherium Duvernoyi might be added to 

 the list of species already recorded. He also recorded the French 

 Felis brevirostris ; a Bhinoceros, apparently allied to B. antiquitatis ; 

 and B. Blanfordi, of the north- west portion of India and China. The 

 paper concluded with some observations regarding the relations of 

 the Palsearctic and Oriental Pliocene faunas. 



2. " On the Pliocene of Maragha, Persia, and its resemblance to 

 that of Pikertni, in Greece ; on Fossil Elephant-remains of Caucasia 

 and Persia ; and on the results of a Monograph of the Fossil Ele- 

 phants of Germany and Italy." By Dr. H. Pohlig. Communicated 

 by Dr. G. J. Hinde, F.G.S. 



The principal object of the author in making a geological tour 

 through part of Persia, in 1884, was the exploration of a deposit 

 containing Pliocene mammals, discovered thirty years ago near 

 Maragha, east of Lake Urumia, by Gobel and Khanikoff. The first 

 part of the present paper gives a brief account of the results of this 

 exploration, together with a list of the fossils. 



The ossiferous deposits near Maragha are of fluvio-lacustrine 

 origin, and consist chiefly of reddish marls, similar to those of 

 Pikermi, and formed from the detritus of the volcanic mountain of 

 Sahend. These Pliocene beds rest upon horizontal Cretaceous strata, 

 and pass upwards into Pleistocene deposits with erratic blocks. 



In the list of fossil mammalia it is shown that several are the 

 same as Pikermi forms. A Hipparion, probably identical with H. 

 gracile, is the most abundant. The supposed occurrence of Pleis- 

 tocene forms, such as Bhinoceros tichorhinus, associated with the 

 Maragha Pliocene fossils, is probably an error. 



The second part of the paper contains notes on specimens of 

 Elephas primigenius, chiefly in the Museum of Tiflis. The third 

 part gives very briefly the principal results of the author's exami- 

 nation of Pleistocene Proboscidea in the various museums of Europe, 

 especially in those of Germany and Italy, and concludes with his 

 views with respect to Elephas antiquus, E. melitai (which he con- 

 siders a dwarf form of E. antiquus), E. meridionalis, E. hysudricus 

 (which the author considers identical with E. meridionalis) , E. primi- 

 genius, and a few other species, one of which is believed to be new. 



8. " The Thames Valley Surface-deposits of the Ealing District 

 and their associated Pakeolithic Floors." By John Allen Brown, 

 Esq. Communicated by A. Ramsay, Esq., F.G.S. 



The author stated that his paper might be regarded as in some 

 degree supplementary to that by Colonel Lane-Fox, published in 

 the Quarterly Journal of the Society in November, 1872. He re- 

 ferred to Mr. Whitaker's division of the Thames-valley deposits 

 into three terraces, namely : — 1. The lowest now seen in bends of 

 the river, 10-20 feet above 0. D. ; 2. The middle terrace, 20-40 feet; 

 and 3. The high-terrace gravel, 50-100 feet, extending up to the 

 shoulders of the hills, and, according to the author, much higher. 

 The high-terrace gravels near Ealing reach nearly to the top of the 

 hills forming the inner valley-ridge, the highest point in which is 

 the Mount at Ealing, 204 feet. The summit of this, when excavated 



